RESUMO
Cellular agriculture aims to meet the growing demand for animal products. However, current production technologies result in low yields, leading to economic projections that prohibit cultivated meat scalability. Here we use tangential flow filtration for continuous manufacturing of cultivated meat to produce biomass of up to 130 × 106 cells per ml, corresponding to yields of 43% w/v and multiple harvests for over 20 days. Continuous manufacturing was carried out in an animal-component-free culture medium for US$0.63 l-1 that supports the long-term, high density culture of chicken cells. Using this empirical data, we conducted a techno-economic analysis for a theoretical production facility of 50,000 l, showing that the cost of cultivated chicken can drop to within the range of organic chicken at US$6.2 lb-1 by using perfusion technology. Whereas other variables would also affect actual market prices, continuous manufacturing can offer cost reductions for scaling up cultivated meat production.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Análise Custo-Benefício , Carne , Animais , Análise Custo-Benefício/métodos , Carne/economia , Meios de Cultura/economia , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/economia , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodosRESUMO
The 2023 Mexican Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Guidelines (HSDG 2023) were developed to include all dimensions of sustainability. Here we compare the environmental impact and cost of diets based on the HSDG 2023, current diets and the Mexican-adapted EAT healthy reference diet. Diets following HSDG 2023 are 21% less expensive, require 30% less land to be produced and have 34% less carbon emissions than current diets-particularly in Mexico City and other urban areas with higher prevalence of Westernized diets. This is driven by reduced animal-source food, especially red meat, and ultra-processed foods. In south-rural areas, the water footprint and cost of diets following HSDG 2023 were higher than those of current diets owing to increased intake of nuts, fruits and vegetables not offset by lower meat consumption (which is already close to recommendations). Diet environmental impact and cost could be further reduced with the Mexican-adapted EAT healthy reference diet compared with the HSDG 2023.
Assuntos
Política Nutricional , Humanos , México , Dieta/economia , Dieta Saudável/economia , Meio Ambiente , Carne/economia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/economia , VerdurasRESUMO
Realizing the market value of grassland resources is of great significance to finding a balance between ecological protection and economic development. As a unique livestock animal that is native to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the yak plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem stability, ensuring the livelihoods of herdsmen, promoting socio-economic development, and preserving ethnic cultural traditions. However, given its small market share, little is known about the factors that drive Chinese consumer preferences for yak meat. This study aimed to investigate consumer preferences for yak meat by means of an online survey involving a sample of 2999 respondents from five cities in China. The best-worst scaling method was employed to measure the relative importance of different attributes of yak meat by using a purchasing scenario. The results indicated that quality-safety certification, freshness, and production sustainability were regarded as the most preferred attributes, whereas animal welfare, brand, and the purchasing channel were found to be the least preferred. In addition, significant heterogeneity was detected in consumer preferences. Consumers were divided into three classes, namely 'Price Sensitive Consumers,' 'Environmentally Friendly Consumers,' and 'Yak Meat Inclined Consumers,' respectively. Our findings might be helpful for policymakers and yak meat producers to develop targeted strategies to facilitate the sale of yak meat and then restore degraded grasslands.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Animais , Humanos , Bovinos , China , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Bem-Estar do Animal , Carne/economia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The current broilers have been greatly optimized for weight gain and breast yield, which necessitates the provision of nutrients-dense diets for maximum potential. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of finisher diet nutrients density (ND) on energy and protein efficiency, productive and economic performance and breast meat quality of broilers raised until different slaughter age. METHODS: A total of 600 23-day-old broiler male chicks (Cobb-500) were assigned to 10 treatments with six replicates and 10 birds each. Experimental treatments were included factorial arrangement of five increment (2.5%) levels of finisher diet ND (92.5%, 95%, 97.5%, 100% and 102.5% as strain recommendation) and slaughtered at 38 or 46 days of age. The relative difference in the energy level of experimental diets was used to increase ND levels at the same ratio. RESULTS: Feed intake (FI) and breast meat quality traits exception water holding capacity (WHC) were not affected by finisher diet ND. In response to increasing finisher diet ND, energy and protein efficiency, productive traits, bio-economic index (BEI) and breast relative weight (BRW) linearly improved. However, residual feed intake and breast meat WHC improved with a quadratic trend. By using broken-line regression analysis, the optimum dietary ND was obtained at 97.5%-102% of strain recommendation. Energy and protein efficiency, feed conversion ratio and BEI deteriorated by prolonging rearing period. The BRW, meat lightness (L*), redness (a*), hue angle (h*) and WHC values for the birds slaughtered at 46 days of age were significantly higher, and cooking loss was lower than those slaughtered at 38 days old. CONCLUSIONS: Broilers during the finisher period are not able to regulate their FIs with diet ND. The energy and protein efficiency, productive and economic performance were reduced when broilers were fed diluted diet or the rearing period was prolonged.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Galinhas , Dieta , Carne , Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Carne/análise , Carne/economia , Masculino , Ração Animal/análise , Ração Animal/economia , Dieta/veterinária , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Metabolismo Energético , Fatores Etários , Nutrientes , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) which contains the greatest area of the second largest rainforest on Earth, people have long been connected to the forest for subsistence and livelihood from wild animals and bushmeat. This qualitative study sought to characterize the bushmeat movement-from hunting wild animals to market sale-and the roles of participants in the animal value chain, as well as their beliefs surrounding zoonotic disease and occupational risk. Actors in in eight bushmeat markets and two ports in Kinshasa, DRC completed semi-structured interviews between 2016 and 2018 in which they expressed belief in transmission of illness from domestic animals to humans, but not from wild animals to humans. Wild animals were viewed as pure and natural, in contrast to domestic animals which were considered tainted by human interference. Participants reported cutting themselves during the process of butchering yet did not consider butchering bushmeat to be a risky activity. Instead, they adopted safety practices learned over time from butchering experts and taught themselves how to butcher in a fashion that reduced the frequency of cutting. In general, butcherers rejected the idea of personal protective equipment use. Port markets were identified as important access points for meat coming from the Congo river and plane transport was identified as important for fresh and live meat coming from Équateur province. Most participants reported having heard about Ebola, but their mistrust in government messaging privileged a word-of-mouth story of witchcraft to be propagated about Ebola's origins. It is critical to better understand how public health messaging about outbreaks can successfully reach high risk communities, and to develop creative risk mitigation strategies for populations in regular contact with animal blood and body fluids. In this paper, we offer suggestions for formal and informal trusted channels through which health messages surrounding zoonotic risk could be conveyed to high-risk populations in Kinshasa.
Assuntos
Carne/economia , Zoonoses/transmissão , Animais , Animais Selvagens , República Democrática do Congo/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/epidemiologia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/transmissão , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Carne/microbiologia , Carne/virologia , Exposição Ocupacional , Percepção , Fatores de Risco , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/psicologiaRESUMO
Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals has come under increasing scrutiny due to its potential association with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Monitoring of AMR in indicator microorganisms such as Enterococcus spp. in meat production facilities and retail meat products can provide important information on the dynamics and prevalence of AMR in these environments. In this study, swabs or samples were obtained from various locations in a commercial beef packing operation (n = 600) and from retail ground beef (n = 60) over a 19-month period. All samples/swabs were enriched for Enterococcus spp., and suspected enterococci isolates were identified using species-specific PCR primers. Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated species, followed by Enterococcus hirae, which was found mostly on post-hide removal carcasses and in ground beef. Enterococcus faecium (n = 9) and E. faecalis (n = 120) isolates were further characterized for AMR. Twenty-one unique AMR profiles were identified, with 90% of isolates resistant to at least two antimicrobials and two that were resistant to nine antimicrobials. Tetracycline resistance was observed most often in E. faecalis (28.8%) and was likely mediated by tet(M). Genomic analysis of selected E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates revealed that many of the isolates in this study clustered with other publicly available genomes from ground beef, suggesting that these strains are well adapted to the beef processing environment. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious challenge facing the agricultural industry. Understanding the flow of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through the beef fabrication process and into ground beef is an important step in identifying intervention points for reducing AMR. In this study, we used enterococci as indicator bacteria for monitoring AMR in a commercial beef packaging facility and in retail ground beef over a 19-month period. Although washing of carcasses post-hide removal reduced the isolation frequency of Enterococcus spp., a number of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates were recovered from ground beef produced in the packaging plant. Genome analysis showed that several E. faecalis isolates were genetically similar to publicly available isolates recovered from retail ground beef in the United States.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Carne/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Enterococcus/classificação , Enterococcus/genética , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/economia , Manipulação de Alimentos , Carne/economia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estados UnidosRESUMO
In recent years, Xinjiang mutton production has experienced a growth trend; however, it cannot meet the new consumer demand. Based on Michael Porter's "diamond model," this study presents a case study on the Xinjiang mutton industry in China and establishes an index system for the competitiveness of the industry. The competitiveness of the mutton industry is analyzed quantitatively via correlation analysis and principal component analysis by investigating the relevant data of 10 Chinese provinces topping in mutton production. On account of the related elements of the diamond model, a qualitative analysis is also performed. The quantitative analysis shows that among the 10 provinces (regions) topping in mutton production in China, Inner Mongolia wins in competitiveness, followed by Xinjiang, and Henan ranks at the bottom. The qualitative analysis shows that the Xinjiang mutton industry is inferior in three main factors compared to its competitors, and these are the production factors related to and supporting the industries and the enterprise strategies. Xinjiang performs moderately in terms of the auxiliary government factors. However, Xinjiang is in an advantageous position with respect to the main factors of demand conditions and auxiliary elements of opportunities. Given the existing problems, this study discusses the main reasons for the lack of competitiveness of the Xinjiang mutton industry. It also puts forward some strategic suggestions to enhance the competitiveness of the Xinjiang mutton industry based on the six elements of diamond model.
Assuntos
Agricultura/economia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/economia , Indústrias/economia , Carne/economia , Animais , China , Pradaria , Humanos , Análise de Componente Principal , Ovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the price of pork in China continues to fluctuate at a high level. The forecast of pork price becomes more important. Single prediction models are often used for this work, but they are not accurate enough. This paper proposes a new method based on Census X12-GM(1,1) combination model. METHODS: Monthly pork price data from January 2014 to December 2020 were obtained from the State Statistics Bureau(Mainland China). Census X12 model was adopted to get the long-term trend factor, business cycle change factor and seasonal factor of pork price data before September 2020. GM (1,1) model was used to fit and predict the long-term trend factor and business cycle change factor. The fitting and forecasting values of GM(1,1) were multiplied by the seasonal factor and empirical seasonal factor individually to obtain the fitting and forecasting values of the original monthly pork price series. RESULTS: The expression of GM(1,1) model for fitting and forecasting long-term trend factor and and business cycle change factor was X(1)(k) = -1704.80e-0.022(k-1) + 1742.36. Empirical seasonal factor of predicted values was 1.002 Using Census X12-GM(1,1) method, the final forecast values of pork price from July 2020 to December 2020 were 34.75, 33.98, 33.23, 32.50, 31.78 and 31.08 respectively. Compared with ARIMA, GM(1,1) and Holt-Winters models, Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of Census X12-GM(1,1) method was the lowest on forecasting part. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other single model, Census X12-GM(1,1) method has better prediction accuracy for monthly pork price series. The monthly pork price predicted by Census X12-GM(1,1) method can be used as an important reference for stakeholders.
Assuntos
Comércio , Previsões , Carne/economia , Modelos Econométricos , Suínos , Animais , China , Carne/provisão & distribuição , Estações do AnoRESUMO
An increasing proportion of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are community acquired. This study tested farm, abattoir and retail food samples for C. difficile, using peer reviewed culture and molecular methods. The contamination rate on beef, sheep and broiler farms ranged from 2/30 (7%) to 25/30 (83%) in faeces, soil and water samples, while concentrations ranged from 2.9 log10 cfu/ml to 8.4 log10 cfu/g. The prevalence and associated counts were much lower in abattoir samples. Although 26/60 were C. difficile positive by enrichment and PCR, only 6 samples yielded counts by direct plating (1.1 log10 cfu/cm2 to 5.1 log10 cfu/g). At retail, 9/240 samples were C. difficile positive, including corned beef (1), spinach leaves (2), iceberg lettuce, little gem lettuce, wild rocket, coleslaw, whole milk yogurt and cottage cheese (1 sample each), with counts of up to 6.8 log10 cfu/g. The tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB, tcdC and tcdR genes were detected in 41%, 99.2%, 33.6%, 32%, 46.7% and 31.1%, respectively, of the 122 C. difficile isolates obtained. It was concluded that although the prevalence of C. difficile decreased along the food chain, retail foods were still heavily contaminated. This pathogen may therefore be foodborne, perhaps necessitating dietary advice for potentially vulnerable patients.
Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Contaminação de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Carne/microbiologia , Verduras/microbiologia , Matadouros/estatística & dados numéricos , Animais , Bovinos , Galinhas , Clostridioides difficile/classificação , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Clostridioides difficile/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Fazendas/estatística & dados numéricos , Fezes/microbiologia , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/economia , Humanos , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Carne/economia , Ovinos , Verduras/economiaRESUMO
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of liver hydatidosis in sheep slaughtered in a private slaughterhouse in Konya and to estimate the economic loss incurred because of the disease. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 12 months between 1 June 2018 and 31 May 2019. Given that the aim of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of liver hydatidosis, only the livers of 41,002 sheep were examined for hydatid cysts. Results: The liver of 810 (1.97%) sheep was found to be infected with hydatid cysts during the study period. The infection rate was determined as 5.34% in animals older than one year of age and 1.68% in animals less than one year of age. Regardless of the age group, the highest infection rate was found in autumn (3.34%), while the lowest infection rate was seen in spring (0.84%). In the sheep, the highest infection rate was in December (17.2%), and in lambs, it was in June (2.9%). On the other hand, the lowest infection rate in sheep was observed in November (1.8%), while the lowest infection rate in lambs was found in April (0.7%). The total economic loss incurred due to the annihilated livers was estimated as 36,450 TL (6.417$). Regardless of the number of cysts and degree of infection, the infected livers were completely discarded. The economic loss incurred due to the discarded livers was estimated by considering the 2019 offal prices. Conclusion: Based on the data obtained from this study, it could be concluded that hydatidosis still exists in Konya as well as throughout Turkey and that it causes serious economic loss.
Assuntos
Matadouros/economia , Equinococose Hepática/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Equinococose Hepática/economia , Equinococose Hepática/epidemiologia , Equinococose Hepática/parasitologia , Echinococcus/isolamento & purificação , Carne/economia , Carne/parasitologia , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/economia , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens fed on 3 black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) and Greenleaf desmodium (Desmodium intortum)-based meals. We evaluated growth performance, carcass quality, and profitability under various commercial pathways (doorstep, retail, whole, and assorted). Desmodium and BSFL powders were formulated into 3 ratios: T1 25:75, T2 50:50, and T3 75:25. A commercial feed was used as a control. One hundred and twenty mixed-sex 1-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb) were reared in pens for 42 d in a completely randomized design. The chickens were weighed weekly to monitor their growth rate. After the 42-day rearing period, they were slaughtered for carcass quality evaluation and recording of the weights of internal organs. During the initial growth phase (7-21 d), significant effects of fish meal replacement were found on the chickens' average weight (P < 0.001), average daily body weight gain (P < 0.001), average daily feed intake (P < 0.001), and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001). However, during the second phase (21-42 d), no significant effect of the replacement was detected except on average daily feed intake (P = 0.003). No significant differences were found in terms of the relative weights of internal organs. It was found that Desmodium-BSFL-based feeds were more profitable than the control feed, and the assorted and retail modes of sale generated more revenue compared to when the chickens were sold at doorstep and on whole-chicken basis. The return on investment was higher for a push-pull adopter compared to a non-adopter. The study found that a BSFL-Desmodium mixture can be a valuable replacement for the protein component in conventional feed and would provide a new impetus for the adoption of push-pull.
Assuntos
Agricultura/economia , Ração Animal , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Dípteros , Agricultura/métodos , Ração Animal/economia , Ração Animal/normas , Criação de Animais Domésticos/economia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Dieta/economia , Dieta/normas , Fazendeiros , Humanos , Quênia , Larva , Carne/economia , Carne/normasRESUMO
The Covid-19 pandemic has upended societies, economic activity, and business environments. With a focus on the meat processing sector, this paper considers the short, medium, and potential long-term implications of the pandemic for food supply chains. A series of short-run demand and supply shocks affected the food system. The pandemic has generated a lively discourse around the adaptability and resilience of food supply chains in the medium to longer term. Scale and scope economies in meat processing offer significant cost and efficiency advantages, while a more dispersed industry structure can be more flexible. The pandemic is likely to accelerate the adoption of automation and digitalization within food supply chains. The Covid-19 pandemic also focused consumer attention on the food system and the nature of food supply chains. Consumers' underlying food values may shape their response to uncertainty during a pandemic. The pandemic offers lessons for the food industry in proactively identifying and addressing points of vulnerability within supply chains.
Assuntos
COVID-19/economia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Carne/economia , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , Bovinos , Comportamento do Consumidor , Humanos , Aves Domésticas , SuínosRESUMO
While there is a growing body of research documenting unregulated African wild meat imports into Europe from the Africa continent, the drivers of this demand are virtually unknown. This study employs focus group discussions and a survey questionnaire to examine the attitudes and practices related to African wild meat consumption in the city of Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Ghanaian community was selected as the object of this study, as it is the largest West African population in the Netherlands and represents an important part of Dutch society. We model our report on a recent US study of the Liberian community of Minneapolis, Minnesota, which allows for the comparison of results between two Western countries. The overall perceived health risk of consuming African wild meat in The Netherlands is low and unlikely to deter consumption. However, local prices for the meat may be prohibitive in some cases. Incentives include health benefits, cultural drivers and a strong preference for the taste of African wild meat over all local meat alternatives. The study calls for further research into the nature of the drivers of demand for African wild meat as well as its public health consequences, in the Netherlands and beyond.
Assuntos
População Negra , Abastecimento de Alimentos/economia , Carne/economia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Gana , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países BaixosAssuntos
Órgãos Bioartificiais , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Laboratórios , Refeições , Carne/provisão & distribuição , Animais , Órgãos Bioartificiais/economia , Órgãos Bioartificiais/provisão & distribuição , Reatores Biológicos , Bovinos , Abastecimento de Alimentos/economia , Humanos , Investimentos em Saúde , Carne/economia , Camundongos , Coelhos , Suínos , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
Background: During zoonotic disease shocks (ZDSs), zoonotic disease outbreaks (ZDOs) can induce public health scares (PHSs), causing meat price risks (MPRs). Nevertheless, spatial spillovers of zoonotic disease shocks in meat markets remain unclear. We explore how zoonotic disease outbreaks and public health scares locally and spatially spill over to meat price risks, and whether spatial spillovers of public health scares decay with distance. Methods: (i) We construct a long panel covering 30 provinces and 121 months, using highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemics as exogenous shocks in Chinese meat sector. (ii) We decompose zoonotic disease shocks into zoonotic disease outbreaks (objective incident) and public health scares (subjective information) and examine their spillovers to meat price risks. (iii) We identify distance-decaying spatial spillovers of public health scares, by running our dynamic SAR models 147 times, from 80 km to 3000 km with 20 km as incremental value, in a setting with risk-level heterogeneity. Results: (i) Zoonotic disease outbreaks themselves only cause local and neighboring meat price risks for high-risk meat, not for low-risk or substitute meat. (ii) Public health scares exacerbate local and neighboring meat price risks for high-risk and low-risk meat, and local meat price risks for substitute meat. (iii) Spatial spillovers of public health scares are distance-decaying and U-shaped, with four spatial attenuation boundaries, and distance turning point is shorter for high-risk meat (500 km) than for low-risk meat (800 km). Conclusions: We complement the literature by arguing that health scares induced by disease outbreaks negatively spill over to meat prices, with U-shaped distance-decaying spatial effects. This suggests low interregional spatial market integration in meat products, due to distance decay of nonstandardized information and local government control effects, across provincial boundaries. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to document nonmonotonic distance decay of health scare effects on food prices, previously not found by the literature.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Influenza Aviária , Carne , Zoonoses , Animais , Povo Asiático , Aves , China , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Carne/economia , Saúde PúblicaAssuntos
Agricultura/economia , Agricultura/tendências , Comércio/economia , Política Ambiental/legislação & jurisprudência , União Europeia/economia , Desenvolvimento Sustentável/legislação & jurisprudência , Agricultura/métodos , Agricultura/normas , Ração Animal/economia , Ração Animal/provisão & distribuição , Animais , Biocombustíveis/economia , Biocombustíveis/provisão & distribuição , Comércio/legislação & jurisprudência , Produtos Agrícolas/economia , Fertilizantes , Florestas , Humanos , Carne/economia , Praguicidas , Glycine max , Clima Tropical , Zoonoses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent research indicates that hospitals are serving an increased role in retail food markets. This article examines the potential effects of pricing strategies on consumer behavior at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics. METHODS: Biweekly point-of-sales data from 2015-2017 were collected for the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics' largest retail cafeteria. T tests were used to identify differences in consumer behavior in response to price changes for bottled water, cheeseburgers, and the salad bar and potential impacts for alternatives. RESULTS: Purchases of bottled water and salad increased after price decreases were implemented; cheeseburger purchases decreased following the price increase. DISCUSSION: Foodservice pricing strategies can drive significant change in consumer behavior. However, consumer sensitivity to price changes may affect the financial viability of price-centric approaches.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor/economia , Comportamento Alimentar , Serviço Hospitalar de Nutrição/economia , Água Potável , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Carne/economia , Política Organizacional , Saladas/economia , WisconsinRESUMO
Beef carcasses in Europe are classified on measures of carcass weight, conformation, and fat cover. These measurements provide the basis for payment to producers, with financial penalties for carcasses that do not conform to desirable characteristics. The objective of the present study was to identify animal-level factors associated with the achievement of a desirable carcass weight, conformation score, fat score, and age at harvest, as stipulated by Irish beef processors in accordance with the EUROP carcass classification system. The stipulated specifications were a EUROP conformation score ≥O=, a carcass weight between 270 and 380 kg, a EUROP fat score between 2+ and 4=, and an age at harvest ≤ 30 mo. In the present study, 59% of cattle failed to achieve at least one of these desired specifications. The logit of the probability of achieving the desired specifications was estimated using multivariable logistic regression and carcass data from 4,717,989 cattle finished and harvested in Ireland between the years 2003 and 2017. In comparison to beef-origin carcasses and after accounting for breed differences, the likelihood of dairy-origin carcasses achieving the desired age, conformation, fat, and weight specifications was 0.97, 0.88, 1.14, and 1.05, respectively. In comparison to heifer carcasses, the odds ratio (OR) of bull and steer carcasses simultaneously achieving all of the desired specifications (i.e. the overall specification) was 0.35 and 0.95, respectively. Additionally, after accounting for breed differences, heifers from the dairy herd were half as likely as heifers from the beef herd to achieve the overall specification, whereas the odds of dairy-origin bulls (OR = 3.46) and steers (OR = 2.41) achieving the overall specification was greater than that of their respective beef-origin counterparts. Finally, cattle with a greater breed proportion of Angus were most likely to achieve the overall specification. Results from the present study could provide a deeper understanding as to why animals fail to achieve desirable carcass specifications and could be implemented into the management decisions made on farm to ensure that the supply of beef carcasses that achieve the desired metrics is maximized.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Carne/classificação , Carne/economia , Animais , Bovinos/fisiologia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Irlanda , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Implementation of food taxes or subsidies may promote healthier and a more sustainable diet in a society. This study estimates the effects of a tax (15% or 30%) on meat and a subsidy (10%) on fruit and vegetables (F&V) consumption in the Netherlands using a social cost-benefit analysis with a 30-year time horizon. METHODS: Calculations with the representative Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (2012-2014) served as the reference. Price elasticities were applied to calculate changes in consumption and consumer surplus. Future food consumption and health effects were estimated using the DYNAMO-HIA model and environmental impacts were estimated using Life Cycle Analysis. The time horizon of all calculations is 30 year. All effects were monetarized and discounted to 2018 euros. RESULTS: Over 30-years, a 15% or 30% meat tax or 10% F&V subsidy could result in reduced healthcare costs, increased quality of life, and higher productivity levels. Benefits to the environment of a meat tax are an estimated 3400 million or 6300 million in the 15% or 30% scenario respectively, whereas the increased F&V consumption could result in 100 million costs for the environment. While consumers benefit from a subsidy, a consumer surplus of 10,000 million, the tax scenarios demonstrate large experienced costs of respectively 21,000 and 41,000 million. Overall, a 15% or 30% price increase in meat could lead to a net benefit for society between 3100-7400 million or 4100-12,300 million over 30 years respectively. A 10% F&V subsidy could lead to a net benefit to society of 1800-3300 million. Sensitivity analyses did not change the main findings. CONCLUSIONS: The studied meat taxes and F&V subsidy showed net total welfare benefits for the Dutch society over a 30-year time horizon.