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1.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 177(4): 552-558, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39266922

RESUMO

A new gene-cell construct expressing nerve growth factor (NGF) has been developed. After obtaining engineered adenovectors Ad5-RGD-CAG-NGF and Ad5-RGD-CAG-EGFP, transduction efficiency and transgene expression were studied and multiplicity of infection was determined. The efficacy of transduced human olfactory ensheathing cells expressing NGF in restoring motor activity in rats has been shown in a limited period of time. Improved rat hindlimb mobility and cyst size reduction after gene-cell construct transplantation were more likely due to the cellular component of the construct.


Assuntos
Cistos , Vetores Genéticos , Fator de Crescimento Neural , Mucosa Olfatória , Animais , Fator de Crescimento Neural/genética , Fator de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Ratos , Mucosa Olfatória/metabolismo , Mucosa Olfatória/citologia , Humanos , Cistos/terapia , Cistos/genética , Cistos/patologia , Cistos/metabolismo , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Transdução Genética , Terapia Genética/métodos , Adenoviridae/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo
2.
Biomolecules ; 14(7)2024 Jul 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39062520

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent genetic kidney disorder. While metformin has demonstrated the ability to inhibit cyst growth in animal models of ADPKD via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), its effectiveness in humans is limited due to its low potency. This study explored the impact of HL156A, a new and more potent AMPK activator, in a mouse model of ADPKD. METHODS: To investigate whether HL156A inhibits the proliferation of renal cyst cells in ADPKD in vitro, exogenous human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized renal cyst cells from ADPKD patients were treated with HL156A, and an MTT (dimethylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was performed. To assess the cyst-inhibitory effect of HL156A in vivo, we generated Pkd1 conditional knockout (KO) mice with aquaporin 2 (AQP2)-Cre, which selectively expresses Cre recombinase in the collecting duct. The effectiveness of HL156A in inhibiting cyst growth and improving renal function was confirmed by measuring the number of cysts and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the collecting duct-specific Pkd1 KO mice. RESULTS: When cyst cells were treated with up to 20 µM of metformin or HL156A, HL156A reduced cell viability by 25% starting at a concentration of 5 µM, whereas metformin showed no effect. When AQP2-Cre male mice were crossed with Pkd1flox/flox female mice, and when AQP2-Cre female mice were crossed with Pkd1flox/flox male mice, the number of litters produced by both groups was comparable. In collecting duct-specific Pkd1 KO mice, HL156A was found to inhibit cyst growth, reducing both the number and size of cysts. Furthermore, it was confirmed that kidney function improved as HL156A treatment led to a reduction in elevated BUN levels. Lastly, it was observed that the increase in AMPK phosphorylation induced by HL156A decreased ERK phosphorylation and α-SMA expression. CONCLUSION: HL156A has potential as a drug that can restore kidney function in ADPKD patients by inhibiting cyst growth.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante , Animais , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/tratamento farmacológico , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/metabolismo , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/patologia , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/genética , Camundongos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos Knockout , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cistos/tratamento farmacológico , Cistos/patologia , Cistos/metabolismo
3.
Int J Mol Med ; 54(3)2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38994772

RESUMO

It is considered that the etiology of endometriosis is retrograde menstruation of endometrial tissue. Although shed endometrial cells are constantly exposed to a challenging environment with iron overload, oxidative stress and hypoxia, a few cells are able to survive and continue to proliferate and invade. Ferroptosis, an iron­dependent form of non­apoptotic cell death, is known to play a major role in the development and course of endometriosis. However, few papers have concentrated on the dynamic interaction between autophagy and ferroptosis throughout the progression of diseases. The present review summarized the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying autophagy and ferroptosis in endometriosis and discuss their role in disease development and progression. For the present narrative review electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for literature published up to the October 31, 2023. Autophagy and ferroptosis may be activated at early stages in endometriosis development. On the other hand, excessive activation of intrinsic pathways (e.g., estrogen and mechanistic target of rapamycin) may promote disease progression through autophagy inhibition. Furthermore, suppression of ferroptosis may cause further progression of endometriotic lesions. In conclusion, the autophagy and ferroptosis pathways may play a dual role in disease initiation and progression. The present review discussed the temporal transition of non­apoptotic cell death regulation during disease progression from retrograde endometrium to early lesions to established lesions.


Assuntos
Autofagia , Endometriose , Ferroptose , Humanos , Endometriose/metabolismo , Endometriose/patologia , Autofagia/fisiologia , Feminino , Animais , Cistos/patologia , Cistos/metabolismo , Endométrio/metabolismo , Endométrio/patologia
4.
Elife ; 122024 Jun 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38856718

RESUMO

Abnormal lung development can cause congenital pulmonary cysts, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. Although the cystic lesions are believed to result directly from disrupted airway epithelial cell growth, the extent to which developmental defects in lung mesenchymal cells contribute to abnormal airway epithelial cell growth and subsequent cystic lesions has not been thoroughly examined. In the present study using genetic mouse models, we dissected the roles of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor 1a (Bmpr1a)-mediated BMP signaling in lung mesenchyme during prenatal lung development and discovered that abrogation of mesenchymal Bmpr1a disrupted normal lung branching morphogenesis, leading to the formation of prenatal pulmonary cystic lesions. Severe deficiency of airway smooth muscle cells and subepithelial elastin fibers were found in the cystic airways of the mesenchymal Bmpr1a knockout lungs. In addition, ectopic mesenchymal expression of BMP ligands and airway epithelial perturbation of the Sox2-Sox9 proximal-distal axis were detected in the mesenchymal Bmpr1a knockout lungs. However, deletion of Smad1/5, two major BMP signaling downstream effectors, from the lung mesenchyme did not phenocopy the cystic abnormalities observed in the mesenchymal Bmpr1a knockout lungs, suggesting that a Smad-independent mechanism contributes to prenatal pulmonary cystic lesions. These findings reveal for the first time the role of mesenchymal BMP signaling in lung development and a potential pathogenic mechanism underlying congenital pulmonary cysts.


Congenital disorders are medical conditions that are present from birth. Although many congenital disorders are rare, they can have a severe impact on the quality of life of those affected. For example, congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a rare congenital disorder that occurs in around 1 out of every 25,000 pregnancies. In CPAM, abnormal, fluid-filled sac-like pockets of tissue, known as cysts, form within the lungs of unborn babies. After birth, these cysts become air-filled and do not behave like normal lung tissue and stop a baby's lungs from working properly. In severe cases, babies with CPAM need surgery immediately after birth. We still do not understand exactly what the underlying causes of CPAM might be. CPAM is not considered to be hereditary ­ that is, it does not appear to be passed down in families ­ nor is it obviously linked to any environmental factors. CPAM is also very difficult to study, because researchers cannot access tissue samples during the critical early stages of the disease. To overcome these difficulties, Luo et al. wanted to find a way to study CPAM in the laboratory. First, they developed a non-human animal 'model' that naturally forms CPAM-like lung cysts, using genetically modified mice where the gene for the signaling molecule Bmpr1a had been deleted in lung cells. Normally, Bmpr1a is part of a set of the molecular instructions, collectively termed BMP signaling, which guide healthy lung development early in life. However, mouse embryos lacking Bmpr1a developed abnormal lung cysts that were similar to those found in CPAM patients, suggesting that problems with BMP signalling might also trigger CPAM in humans. Luo et al. also identified several other genes in the Bmpr1a-deficient mouse lungs that had abnormal patterns of activity. All these genes were known to be controlled by BMP signaling, and to play a role in the development and organisation of lung tissue. This suggests that when these genes are not controlled properly, they could drive formation of CPAM cysts when BMP signaling is compromised. This work is a significant advance in the tools available to study CPAM. Luo et al.'s results also shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning this rare disorder. In the future, Luo et al. hope this knowledge will help us develop better treatments for CPAM, or even help to prevent it altogether.


Assuntos
Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas Tipo I , Pulmão , Mesoderma , Camundongos Knockout , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas Tipo I/genética , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas Tipo I/metabolismo , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas Tipo I/deficiência , Camundongos , Pulmão/embriologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Mesoderma/embriologia , Mesoderma/metabolismo , Cistos/metabolismo , Cistos/patologia , Cistos/genética , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/metabolismo , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/genética , Pneumopatias/metabolismo , Pneumopatias/patologia , Pneumopatias/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças
5.
Am J Pathol ; 194(8): 1528-1537, 2024 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38849029

RESUMO

A group of genetic diseases known as polycystic liver disease (PLD) are distinguished by the gradual development of fluid-filled hepatic cysts formed from cholangiocytes and commonly related to primary cilia defects. The NAD salvage pathway, which sustains cellular bioenergetics and supplies a required substrate for tasks important to rapidly multiplying cells, has a rate-limiting phase that is mediated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). In this study, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of FK866, a novel, high-potency NAMPT inhibitor with a good toxicity profile, were assessed. NAMPT-siRNA and FK866 reduced NAD levels and inhibited the proliferation of PLD cells in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, this pharmacologic and siRNA-mediated suppression of NAMPT was less effective in normal cells at the same concentrations. The addition of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a byproduct of NAMPT that restores NAD concentration, rescued the cellular viability of PLD cells and verified the on-target action of FK866. In FK866-treated PLD cells, mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were impaired and reactive oxygen species production was induced. Importantly, FK866 treatment was associated with improved effects of octreotide, a drug used for PLD treatment. As a result, the use of NAMPT inhibitors, including FK866 therapy, offers the possibility of a further targeted strategy for the therapeutic treatment of PLD.


Assuntos
Acrilamidas , Proliferação de Células , Cistos , Citocinas , Hepatopatias , Mitocôndrias , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase , Piperidinas , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/metabolismo , Acrilamidas/farmacologia , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopatias/metabolismo , Hepatopatias/patologia , Cistos/metabolismo , Cistos/patologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Animais , NAD/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Mononucleotídeo de Nicotinamida/farmacologia , Mononucleotídeo de Nicotinamida/metabolismo
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(11)2024 May 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38891869

RESUMO

Myxozoa, a unique group of obligate endoparasites within the phylum Cnidaria, can cause emerging diseases in wild and cultured fish populations. Recently, the myxozoan Myxobolus bejeranoi has been identified as a prevalent pathogen infecting the gills of cultured hybrid tilapia, leading to systemic immune suppression and considerable mortality. Here, we employed a proteomic approach to examine the impact of M. bejeranoi infection on fish gills, focusing on the structure of the granulomata, or cyst, formed around the proliferating parasite to prevent its spread to surrounding tissue. Enrichment analysis showed increased immune response and oxidative stress in infected gill tissue, most markedly in the cyst's wall. The intense immune reaction included a consortium of endopeptidase inhibitors, potentially combating the myxozoan arsenal of secreted proteases. Analysis of the cyst's proteome and histology staining indicated that keratin intermediate filaments contribute to its structural rigidity. Moreover, we uncovered skin-specific proteins, including a grainyhead-like transcription factor and a teleost-specific S100 calcium-binding protein that may play a role in epithelial morphogenesis and cysts formation. These findings deepen our understanding of the proteomic elements that grant the cyst its distinctive nature at the critical interface between the fish host and myxozoan parasite.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Brânquias , Myxobolus , Tilápia , Animais , Tilápia/parasitologia , Tilápia/imunologia , Tilápia/metabolismo , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Brânquias/parasitologia , Brânquias/metabolismo , Proteômica/métodos , Cistos/parasitologia , Cistos/metabolismo , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/imunologia , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo
7.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 11833, 2024 05 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38782926

RESUMO

Subarachnoid neurocysticercosis (SANCC) is caused by an abnormally transformed form of the metacestode or larval form of the tapeworm Taenia solium. In contrast to vesicular parenchymal and ventricular located cysts that contain a viable scolex and are anlage of the adult tapeworm, the subarachnoid cyst proliferates to form aberrant membranous cystic masses within the subarachnoid spaces that cause mass effects and acute and chronic arachnoiditis. How subarachnoid cyst proliferates and interacts with the human host is poorly understood, but parasite stem cells (germinative cells) likely participate. RNA-seq analysis of the subarachnoid cyst bladder wall compared to the bladder wall and scolex of the vesicular cyst revealed that the subarachnoid form exhibits activation of signaling pathways that promote proliferation and increased lipid metabolism. These adaptions allow growth in a nutrient-limited cerebral spinal fluid. In addition, we identified therapeutic drug targets that would inhibit growth of the parasite, potentially increase effectiveness of treatment, and shorten its duration.


Assuntos
Neurocisticercose , Espaço Subaracnóideo , Taenia solium , Animais , Taenia solium/genética , Neurocisticercose/parasitologia , Neurocisticercose/genética , Espaço Subaracnóideo/metabolismo , Humanos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Transcriptoma , Proliferação de Células , Cistos/genética , Cistos/parasitologia , Cistos/metabolismo
8.
Cell Stem Cell ; 31(4): 537-553.e5, 2024 Apr 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38579684

RESUMO

In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), microscopic tubules expand into macroscopic cysts. Among the world's most common genetic disorders, PKD is inherited via heterozygous loss-of-function mutations but is theorized to require additional loss of function. To test this, we establish human pluripotent stem cells in allelic series representing four common nonsense mutations, using CRISPR base editing. When differentiated into kidney organoids, homozygous mutants spontaneously form cysts, whereas heterozygous mutants (original or base corrected) express no phenotype. Using these, we identify eukaryotic ribosomal selective glycosides (ERSGs) as PKD therapeutics enabling ribosomal readthrough of these same nonsense mutations. Two different ERSGs not only prevent cyst initiation but also limit growth of pre-formed cysts by partially restoring polycystin expression. Furthermore, glycosides accumulate in cyst epithelia in organoids and mice. Our findings define the human polycystin threshold as a surmountable drug target for pharmacological or gene therapy interventions, with relevance for understanding disease mechanisms and future clinical trials.


Assuntos
Cistos , Doenças Renais Policísticas , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Códon sem Sentido/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPP/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPP/metabolismo , Doenças Renais Policísticas/genética , Doenças Renais Policísticas/terapia , Doenças Renais Policísticas/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Organoides/metabolismo , Cistos/genética , Cistos/metabolismo , Glicosídeos/metabolismo
9.
Am J Kidney Dis ; 84(3): 286-297.e1, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38621633

RESUMO

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: In this pilot study, we hypothesized that autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by impaired kidney oxidative metabolism that associates with kidney size and cyst burden. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Twenty adults with ADPKD (age, 31±6 years; 65% women; body mass index [BMI], 26.8 [22.7-30.4] kg/m2; estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR, 2021 CKD-EPI creatinine], 103±18mL/min/1.73m2; height-adjusted total kidney volume [HTKV], 731±370mL/m; Mayo classifications 1B [5%], 1C [42%], 1D [21%], and 1E [32%]) and 11 controls in normal weight category (NWC) (age, 25±3 years; 45% women; BMI, 22.5 [21.7-24.2] kg/m2; eGFR, 113±15mL/min/1.73m2; HTKV, 159±31mL/m) at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. PREDICTORS: ADPKD status (yes/no) and severity (Mayo classifications). OUTCOME: HTKV and cyst burden by magnetic resonance imaging, kidney oxidative metabolism, and perfusion by 11C-acetate positron emission tomography/computed tomography, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (presented as ratio of M-value of steady state insulin concentration [M/I]). ANALYTICAL APPROACH: For categorical variables, χ2/Fisher's exact tests, and for continuous variables t tests/Mann-Whitney U tests. Pearson correlation was used to estimate the relationships between variables. RESULTS: Compared with NWC individuals, the participants with ADPKD exhibited lower mean±SD M/I ratio (0.586±0.205 vs 0.424±0.171 [mg/kg lean/min]/(µIU/mL), P=0.04), lower median cortical perfusion (1.93 [IQR, 1.80-2.09] vs 0.68 [IQR, 0.47-1.04] mL/min/g, P<0.001) and lower median total kidney oxidative metabolism (0.17 [IQR, 0.16-0.19] vs. 0.14 [IQR, 0.12-0.15] min-1, P=0.001) in voxel-wise models excluding cysts. HTKV correlated inversely with cortical perfusion (r: -0.83, P < 0.001), total kidney oxidative metabolism (r: -0.61, P<0.001) and M/I (r: -0.41, P = 0.03). LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with ADPKD and preserved kidney function exhibited impaired renal perfusion and kidney oxidative metabolism across a wide range of cysts and kidney enlargements. FUNDING: Grants from government (National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and not-for-profit (JDRF) entities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study numbers NCT04407481 and NCT04074668. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY: In our study, we explored how a common genetic kidney condition, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), relates to kidney metabolism. ADPKD leads to the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys, which can impact their ability to work properly. We wanted to understand the kidneys' ability to process oxygen and blood flow in ADPKD. Our approach involved using advanced imaging techniques to observe kidney metabolism and blood flow in people with ADPKD compared with healthy individuals. We discovered that those with ADPKD had significant changes in kidney oxygen metabolism even when their kidney function was still normal. These findings are crucial as they provide deeper insights into ADPKD, potentially guiding future treatments to target these changes.


Assuntos
Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Rim , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante , Humanos , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/metabolismo , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/patologia , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/complicações , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Projetos Piloto , Masculino , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Rim/patologia , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Cistos/metabolismo , Cistos/patologia , Cistos/diagnóstico por imagem
10.
Cell Stress Chaperones ; 29(2): 285-299, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428516

RESUMO

Females of the extremophile crustacean, Artemia franciscana, either release motile nauplii via the ovoviviparous pathway or encysted embryos (cysts) via the oviparous pathway. Cysts contain an abundant amount of the ATP-independent small heat shock protein that contributes to stress tolerance and embryo development, however, little is known of the role of ATP-dependent molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in the two processes. In this study, a hsp90 was cloned from A. franciscana. Characteristic domains of ArHsp90 were simulated from the deduced amino acid sequence, and 3D structures of ArHsp90 and Hsp90s of organisms from different groups were aligned. RNA interference was then employed to characterize ArHsp90 in A. franciscana nauplii and cysts. The partial knockdown of ArHsp90 slowed the development of nauplius-destined, but not cyst-destined embryos. ArHsp90 knockdown also reduced the survival and stress tolerance of nauplii newly released from A. franciscana females. Although the reduction of ArHsp90 had no effect on the development of diapause-destined embryos, the resulting cysts displayed reduced tolerance to desiccation and low temperature, two stresses normally encountered by A. franciscana in its natural environment. The results reveal that Hsp90 contributes to the development, growth, and stress tolerance of A. franciscana, an organism of practical importance as a feed source in aquaculture.


Assuntos
Artemia , Cistos , Animais , Feminino , Artemia/metabolismo , Chaperonas Moleculares/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Cistos/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo
11.
Yakugaku Zasshi ; 144(4): 397-402, 2024.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38556314

RESUMO

Cysts are abnormal fluid-filled sacs found in various human organs, including the liver. Liver cysts can be associated with known causes such as parasite infections and gene mutations, or simply aging. Among these causes, simple liver cysts are often found in elderly people. While they are generally benign, they may occasionally grow but rarely shrink with age, indicating their clear association with aging. However, the mechanism behind the formation of simple liver cysts has not been thoroughly investigated. Recently, we have generated transgenic mice that specifically overexpress fibroblast growth factor (FGF)18 in hepatocytes. These mice exhibit severe liver fibrosis without inflammation and spontaneously develop liver cysts that grow with age. Our findings suggest that simple liver cysts can be induced by fibrosis accompanied by sterile inflammation or injury, whereas fibrosis accompanied by severe inflammation or injury may lead to cirrhosis. We also discuss the detrimental effects of disease- and aging-associated fibrosis in various organs, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys. Additionally, we provide a brief summary of the two currently approved anti-fibrotic drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nintedanib and pirfenidone, as well as their possibility of future expansion of application toward other fibrotic diseases.


Assuntos
Cistos , Pulmão , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Idoso , Pulmão/metabolismo , Fibrose , Inflamação , Envelhecimento/genética , Cistos/metabolismo , Cistos/patologia
12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(5)2024 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474184

RESUMO

In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with germline mutations in a PKD1 or PKD2 gene, innumerable cysts develop from tubules, and renal function deteriorates. Second-hit somatic mutations and renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cell death are crucial features of cyst initiation and disease progression. Here, we use established RTE lines and primary ADPKD cells with disease-associated PKD1 mutations to investigate genomic instability and DNA damage responses. We found that ADPKD cells suffer severe chromosome breakage, aneuploidy, heightened susceptibility to DNA damage, and delayed checkpoint activation. Immunohistochemical analyses of human kidneys corroborated observations in cultured cells. DNA damage sensors (ATM/ATR) were activated but did not localize at nuclear sites of damaged DNA and did not properly activate downstream transducers (CHK1/CHK2). ADPKD cells also had the ability to transform, as they achieved high saturation density and formed colonies in soft agar. Our studies indicate that defective DNA damage repair pathways and the somatic mutagenesis they cause contribute fundamentally to the pathogenesis of ADPKD. Acquired mutations may alternatively confer proliferative advantages to the clonally expanded cell populations or lead to apoptosis. Further understanding of the molecular details of aberrant DNA damage responses in ADPKD is ongoing and holds promise for targeted therapies.


Assuntos
Cistos , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante , Humanos , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPP/metabolismo , Mutação , Rim/metabolismo , Cistos/metabolismo , Instabilidade Cromossômica
14.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(3)2024 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38339183

RESUMO

The main characteristic of polycystic kidney disease is the development of multiple fluid-filled renal cysts. The discovery of mislocalized sodium-potassium pump (Na,K-ATPase) in the apical membrane of cyst-lining epithelia alluded to reversal of polarity as a possible explanation for the fluid secretion. The topic of apical Na,K-ATPase in cysts remains controversial. We investigated the localization of the Na,K-ATPase and assessed the apical-basolateral polarization of cyst-lining epithelia by means of immunohistochemistry in kidney tissue from six polycystic kidney disease patients undergoing nephrectomy. The Na,K-ATPase α1 subunit was conventionally situated in the basolateral membrane of all immunoreactive cysts. Proteins of the Crumbs and partitioning defective (Par) complexes were localized to the apical membrane domain in cyst epithelial cells. The apical targeting protein Syntaxin-3 also immunolocalized to the apical domain of cyst-lining epithelial cells. Proteins of the basolateral Scribble complex immunolocalized to the basolateral domain of cysts. Thus, no deviations from the typical epithelial distribution of basic cell polarity proteins were observed in the cysts from the six patients. Furthermore, we confirmed that cysts can originate from virtually any tubular segment with preserved polarity. In conclusion, we find no evidence of a reversal in apical-basolateral polarity in cyst-lining epithelia in polycystic kidney disease.


Assuntos
Cistos , Doenças Renais Policísticas , Humanos , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo , Polaridade Celular , Doenças Renais Policísticas/metabolismo , Epitélio/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas Qa-SNARE/metabolismo , Cistos/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo
15.
JCI Insight ; 9(4)2024 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38385746

RESUMO

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a monogenic disorder accounting for approximately 5% of patients with renal failure, yet therapeutics for the treatment of ADPKD remain limited. ADPKD tissues display abnormalities in the biogenesis of the centrosome, a defect that can cause genome instability, aberrant ciliary signaling, and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Cystic cells form excess centrosomes via a process termed centrosome amplification (CA), which causes abnormal multipolar spindle configurations, mitotic catastrophe, and reduced cell viability. However, cells with CA can suppress multipolarity via "centrosome clustering," a key mechanism by which cells circumvent apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting centrosome clustering can counteract the proliferation of renal cystic cells with high incidences of CA. Using ADPKD human cells and mouse models, we show that preventing centrosome clustering with 2 inhibitors, CCB02 and PJ34, blocks cyst initiation and growth in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting centrosome clustering activates a p53-mediated surveillance mechanism leading to apoptosis, reduced cyst expansion, decreased interstitial fibrosis, and improved kidney function. Transcriptional analysis of kidneys from treated mice identified pro-inflammatory signaling pathways implicated in CA-mediated cystogenesis and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate that centrosome clustering is a cyst-selective target for the improvement of renal morphology and function in ADPKD.


Assuntos
Cistos , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Rim/patologia , Centrossomo/metabolismo , Fibrose , Cistos/metabolismo , Cistos/patologia
16.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol ; 326(4): F600-F610, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38299213

RESUMO

The transcription factor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates energy metabolism. Specifically, FXR functions to regulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated Cl- secretion in intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of FXR in CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion in renal tubular cells and to further elucidate its effects on renal cyst formation and growth. CFTR-mediated Cl- transport was evaluated via short-circuit current (ISC) measurements in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers and primary rat inner medullary collecting duct cells. The role of FXR in renal cyst formation and growth was determined by the MDCK cell-derived cyst model. Incubation with synthesized (GW4064) and endogenous (CDCA) FXR ligands reduced CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of FXR ligands was not due to the result of reduced cell viability and was attenuated by cotreatment with an FXR antagonist. FXR activation significantly decreased CFTR protein but not its mRNA. In addition, FXR activation inhibited CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion in primary renal collecting duct cells. FXR activation decreased ouabain-sensitive ISC without altering Na+-K+-ATPase mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, FXR activation significantly reduced the number of cysts and renal cyst expansion. These inhibitory effects were correlated with a decrease in the expression of protein synthesis regulators mammalian target of rapamycin/S6 kinase. This study shows that FXR activation inhibits Cl- secretion in renal cells via inhibition of CFTR expression and retards renal cyst formation and growth. The discoveries point to a physiological role of FXR in the regulation of CFTR and a potential therapeutic application in polycystic kidney disease treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study reveals that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation reduces microcyst formation and enlargement. This inhibitory effect of FXR activation is involved with decreased cell proliferation and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated Cl- secretion in renal collecting duct cells. FXR might represent a novel target for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.


Assuntos
Cistos , Doenças Renais Policísticas , Animais , Cães , Ratos , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/genética , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Doenças Renais Policísticas/metabolismo , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Cistos/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Cloretos/metabolismo , Mamíferos/genética , Mamíferos/metabolismo
17.
G3 (Bethesda) ; 14(4)2024 04 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38333961

RESUMO

A properly regulated series of developmental and meiotic events must occur to ensure the successful production of gametes. In Drosophila melanogaster ovaries, these early developmental and meiotic events include the production of the 16-cell cyst, meiotic entry, synaptonemal complex (SC) formation, recombination, and oocyte specification. In order to identify additional genes involved in early oocyte development and meiosis, we reanalyzed 3 published single-cell RNA-seq datasets from Drosophila ovaries, using vasa (germline) together with c(3)G, cona, and corolla (SC) as markers. Our analysis generated a list of 2,743 co-expressed genes. Many known SC-related and early oocyte development genes fell within the top 500 genes on this list, as ranked by the abundance and specificity of each gene's expression across individual analyses. We tested 526 available RNAi lines containing shRNA constructs in germline-compatible vectors representing 331 of the top 500 genes. We assessed targeted ovaries for SC formation and maintenance, oocyte specification, cyst development, and double-strand break dynamics. Six uncharacterized genes exhibited early developmental defects. SC and developmental defects were observed for additional genes not well characterized in the early ovary. Interestingly, in some lines with developmental delays, meiotic events could still be completed once oocyte specificity occurred indicating plasticity in meiotic timing. These data indicate that a transcriptomics approach can be used to identify genes involved in functions in a specific cell type in the Drosophila ovary.


Assuntos
Cistos , Proteínas de Drosophila , Animais , Feminino , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Recombinação Genética , Complexo Sinaptonêmico , Meiose/genética , Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Oócitos/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Cistos/genética , Cistos/metabolismo
18.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(4): e2317344121, 2024 Jan 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38241440

RESUMO

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic cause of chronic kidney disease and the fourth leading cause of end-stage kidney disease, accounting for over 50% of prevalent cases requiring renal replacement therapy. There is a pressing need for improved therapy for ADPKD. Recent insights into the pathophysiology of ADPKD revealed that cyst cells undergo metabolic changes that up-regulate aerobic glycolysis in lieu of mitochondrial respiration for energy production, a process that ostensibly fuels their increased proliferation. The present work leverages this metabolic disruption as a way to selectively target cyst cells for apoptosis. This small-molecule therapeutic strategy utilizes 11beta-dichloro, a repurposed DNA-damaging anti-tumor agent that induces apoptosis by exacerbating mitochondrial oxidative stress. Here, we demonstrate that 11beta-dichloro is effective in delaying cyst growth and its associated inflammatory and fibrotic events, thus preserving kidney function in perinatal and adult mouse models of ADPKD. In both models, the cyst cells with homozygous inactivation of Pkd1 show enhanced oxidative stress following treatment with 11beta-dichloro and undergo apoptosis. Co-administration of the antioxidant vitamin E negated the therapeutic benefit of 11beta-dichloro in vivo, supporting the conclusion that oxidative stress is a key component of the mechanism of action. As a preclinical development primer, we also synthesized and tested an 11beta-dichloro derivative that cannot directly alkylate DNA, while retaining pro-oxidant features. This derivative nonetheless maintains excellent anti-cystic properties in vivo and emerges as the lead candidate for development.


Assuntos
Cistos , Doenças Renais Policísticas , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante , Camundongos , Animais , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/tratamento farmacológico , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/genética , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Doenças Renais Policísticas/metabolismo , Apoptose , Estresse Oxidativo , Cistos/metabolismo , DNA/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPP/genética
19.
Hypertension ; 81(1): 114-125, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37955149

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Polycystic kidney disease is the most common hereditary kidney disorder with early and frequent hypertension symptoms. The mechanisms of cyst progression in polycystic kidney disease remain incompletely understood. METHODS: Bsg (basigin) heterozygous and homozygous knockout mice were generated using cas9 system, and Bsg overexpression was achieved by adeno-associated virus serotype 9 injection. Renal morphology was investigated through histological and imaging analysis. Molecular analysis was performed through transcriptomic profiling and biochemical approaches. RESULTS: Bsg-deficient mice exhibited significantly elevated arterial blood pressure. Further investigation demonstrated that Bsg deficiency triggers spontaneous cystic formation in mouse kidneys, which shares similar cyst pathological features and common transcriptional regulatory pathways with human polycystic kidney disease. Moreover, Bsg disruption promoted polycystin-1 ubiquitination and degradation, leading to activation of polycystic kidney disease associated cAMP and AMPK signaling pathways in Bsg knockout mouse kidneys. Finally, adeno-associated virus serotype 9 mediated Bsg reexpression reversed cystic progression in Bsg knockout mice in vivo, and Bsg overexpression inhibited the expansion of Madin-Darby canine kidney cysts in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that Bsg deficiency leads to an early-onset spontaneous polycystic kidney phenotype, suggesting that dysregulated Bsg signaling may be a contributing factor in cystogenesis.


Assuntos
Cistos , Doenças Renais Policísticas , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Camundongos , Basigina/genética , Basigina/metabolismo , Cistos/metabolismo , Cistos/patologia , Rim/metabolismo , Camundongos Knockout , Doenças Renais Policísticas/genética , Doenças Renais Policísticas/metabolismo
20.
Eur J Cell Biol ; 103(1): 151375, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37995529

RESUMO

In the Drosophila testis, a group of stromal cells termed hub provides multiple niche signals for the surrounding germline and somatic stem cells. Stem cells of both populations compete for physical retention in the niche, and clones unable to transduce any one niche signal are rapidly eliminated from the stem cell pool by differentiation. We have mapped the transcriptomes of isolated somatic cyst stem cells and differentiated cyst cells, and found that the stem cells but not their differentiated progeny exhibit the signature of an innate immune response including the NF-κB transcription factor Relish (Rel). Related signalling pathways had previously implicated in cell competition in larval epithelia, prompting the question of whether NF-κB signalling was, despite the clear differences between the two competition scenarios, also involved in stem cell competition in the testis. Here we show i) that in the testis Rel is dispensable for stemness, ii) that loss of Rel or the upstream receptor Toll suppresses loser elimination following a variety of different triggers used to induce loser fate, and iii) that clonal Rel activation is sufficient for the displacement of neutral or winner cells from the niche, even if these cells otherwise retain stem cell properties.


Assuntos
Cistos , Proteínas de Drosophila , Animais , Masculino , Drosophila/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Competição entre as Células , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Cistos/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo
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