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1.
J Hazard Mater ; 477: 135377, 2024 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39088960

RESUMO

The excessive accumulation of Cd and Zn in soil poisons crops and threatens food safety. In this study, KMnO4-hematite modified biochar (MnFeB) was developed and applied to remediate weakly alkaline Cd-Zn contaminated soil, and the heavy metal immobilization effect, plant growth, and metal ion uptake of foxtail millet were studied. MnFeB application reduced the phytotoxicity of soil heavy metals; bioavailable acid-soluble Cd and Zn were reduced by 57.79% and 35.64%, respectively, whereas stable, non-bioavailable, residual Cd and Zn increased by 96.44% and 32.08%, respectively. The chlorophyll and total protein contents and the superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity were enhanced, whereas proline, malondialdehyde, the H2O2 content, glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities were reduced. Accordingly, the expressions of GR, APX, and CAT were downregulated, whereas the expression of MnSOD was upregulated. In addition, MnFeB promoted the net photosynthetic rate and growth of foxtail millet plants. Furthermore, MnFeB reduced the levels of Cd and Zn in the stems, leaves, and grains, decreased the bioconcentration factor of Cd and Zn in shoots, and weakened the translocation of Cd and Zn from roots to shoots. Precipitation, complexation, oxidation-reduction, ion exchange, and π-π stacking interaction were the main Cd and Zn immobilization mechanisms, and MnFeB reduced the soil bacterial community diversity and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetota. This study provides a feasible and effective remediation material for Cd- and Zn-contaminated soils.


Assuntos
Cádmio , Carvão Vegetal , Compostos Férricos , Setaria (Planta) , Poluentes do Solo , Zinco , Carvão Vegetal/química , Cádmio/toxicidade , Cádmio/química , Zinco/química , Zinco/toxicidade , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Setaria (Planta)/efeitos dos fármacos , Setaria (Planta)/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Setaria (Planta)/metabolismo , Compostos Férricos/química , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo
2.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(27): 39735-39747, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38833050

RESUMO

As innovative and versatile agents with potential applications in a wide range of fields including medicine, electronics, wastewater treatment, cosmetics, and energy storage devices, magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are significant attention. However, our knowledge of the harmful effects of different-sized NPs, particularly of their effects on aquatic animals, is limited. In this study, we evaluated the impact of different-sized (sub-2, 5, and 15 nm) cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) NPs on the biological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos and larvae. The NPs were characterized using techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for imaging, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallographic analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental analysis, and were tested for impact through a series of toxicity, genotoxicity, and biochemical assays at a concentration of 100 mg/L. The obtained results showed that toxicity of CoFe2O4 NPs depended on the size of NPs and the developmental stage of the fish. Our results, which revealed significant changes in biological parameters of O. mykiss under exposure to CoFe2O4 NPs, imply that these NPs may be not environmentally safe. The hierarchical cluster analysis showed that embryos of the control group were clearly separated from those exposed to NPs of various sizes. However, in the exposed larvae, the effects of control and the smallest-sized NPs (sub-2 nm) differed from those induced by larger NPs (5 nm and 15 nm). Additional research is necessary to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the observed variations, which would be advantageous for both managing the risk of NPs to humans and advancing the field of aquatic nanotoxicology.


Assuntos
Cobalto , Compostos Férricos , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Animais , Cobalto/toxicidade , Cobalto/química , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Compostos Férricos/química , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Nanopartículas/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade
3.
Environ Res ; 258: 119395, 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38909944

RESUMO

In this study, we report the development of a novel CuOx(3 wt%)/CoFe2O4 nanocubes (NCs) photocatalyst through simple co-precipitation and wet impregnation methods for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of triclosan (TCS) pollutants. Initially, rod-shaped bare CoFe2O4 was synthesized using a simple co-precipitation technique. Subsequently, CuOx was loaded in various percentages (1, 2, and 3 wt%) onto the surface of bare CoFe2O4 nanorods (NRs) via the wet impregnation method. The synthesized materials were systematically characterized to evaluate their composition, structural and electrical characteristics. The CuOx(3 wt%)/CoFe2O4 NCs photocatalyst exhibited superior photocatalytic degradation efficiency of TCS (89.9%) compared to bare CoFe2O4 NRs (62.1 %), CuOx(1 wt%)/CoFe2O4 (80.1 %), CuOx(2 wt%)/CoFe2O4 (87.0 %) under visible light (VL) irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm), respectively. This enhanced performance was attributed to the improved separation effectiveness of photogenerated electron (e-) and hole (h+) in CuOx(3 wt%)/CoFe2O4 NCs. Furthermore, the optimized CuOx(3 wt%)/CoFe2O4 NCs exhibited strong stability and reusability in TCS degradation, as demonstrated by three successive cycles. Genetic screening on Caenorhabditis elegans showed that CuOx(3 wt%)/CoFe2O4 NCs reduced ROS-induced oxidative stress during TCS photocatalytic degradation. ROS levels decreased at 30, 60, and 120-min intervals during TCS degradation, accompanied by improved egg hatching rates. Additionally, expression levels of stress-responsible antioxidant proteins like SOD-3GFP and HSP-16.2GFP were significantly normalized. This study demonstrates the efficiency of CuOx(3 wt%)/CoFe2O4 NCs in degrading TCS pollutants, offers insights into toxicity dynamics, and recommends its use for future environmental remediation.


Assuntos
Cobalto , Cobre , Triclosan , Triclosan/química , Triclosan/toxicidade , Animais , Cobre/química , Catálise , Cobalto/química , Compostos Férricos/química , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Luz , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos da radiação , Fotólise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade
4.
Toxicol In Vitro ; 99: 105850, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38801838

RESUMO

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of novel mPEG-silane coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium (Mg0.1-γ-Fe2O3(mPEG-silane)0.5) have been investigated on human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial (A549) and human normal bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. In the studies several molecular and cellular targets addressing to cell membrane, cytoplasm organelles and nucleus components were served as toxicological endpoints. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were found to be stable in the cell culture media and were examined for different concentration and exposure times. No cytotoxicity of the tested nanoparticles was found although these nanoparticles slightly increased reactive oxygen species in both cell types studied. Mg0.1-γ-Fe2O3(mPEG-silane)0.5 nanoparticles did not produce any DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damages in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. Different concentration of Mg0.1-γ-Fe2O3(mPEG-silane)0.5 nanoparticles and different incubation time did not affect cell migration. The lung cancer cells' uptake of the nanoparticles was more effective than in normal lung cells. Altogether, the results evidence that mPEG-silane coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium do not elucidate any deleterious effects on human normal and cancerous lung cells despite cellular uptake of these nanoparticles. Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that these novel biocompatible nanoparticles are promising candidates for further development towards medical applications.


Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Pulmão , Magnésio , Polietilenoglicóis , Silanos , Humanos , Silanos/toxicidade , Silanos/química , Polietilenoglicóis/toxicidade , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Magnésio/química , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/citologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Compostos Férricos/química , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro/toxicidade , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células A549
5.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 107: 104412, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38492762

RESUMO

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have useful properties, such as strong magnetism and compatibility with living organisms which is preferable for medical applications such as drug delivery and imaging. However, increasing use of these materials, especially in medicine, has raised concerns regarding potential risks to human health. In this study, IONPs were coated with silicon dioxide (SiO2), citric acid (CA), and polyethylenimine (PEI) to enhance their dispersion and biocompatibility. Both coated and uncoated IONPs were assessed for genotoxic effects on Drosophila melanogaster. Results showed that uncoated IONPs induced genotoxic effects, including mutations and recombinations, while the coated IONPs demonstrated reduced or negligible genotoxicity. Additionally, bioinformatic analyses highlighted potential implications of induced recombination in various cancer types, underscoring the importance of understanding nanoparticle-induced genomic instability. This study highlights the importance of nanoparticle coatings in reducing potential genotoxic effects and emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive toxicity assessments in nanomaterial research.


Assuntos
Drosophila melanogaster , Nanopartículas , Animais , Humanos , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Dióxido de Silício/toxicidade , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade
6.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 107: 104432, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38554986

RESUMO

Metal oxide nanomaterials have toxicity towards aquatic organisms, especially microbes and invertebrates, but little is known about their impact on amphibians. We conducted a study on Duttaphrynus melanostictus (D. melanostictus) tadpoles to explore the chronic toxicity effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and the underlying mechanisms of IONPs-induced oxidative stress. IONPs exposure led to increased iron accumulation in the blood, liver, and kidneys of tadpoles, significantly affecting blood parameters and morphology. Higher IONPs concentrations (10 and 50 mg L-1) triggered reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and pronounced toxicity in tadpoles. The activity levels of antioxidant enzymes/proteins (SOD, CAT, albumin, and lysozyme) decreased after IONPs exposure, and immunological measures in the blood serum were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Molecular docking analysis revealed that IONPs primarily attached to the surface of SOD/CAT/albumin/lysozyme through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Overall, this study emphasizes the ability of IONPs to induce oxidative damage by decreasing immunological profiles such as ACH50 (34.58 ± 2.74 U mL-1), lysozyme (6.94 ± 0.82 U mL-1), total Ig (5.00 ± 0.35 g dL-1), total protein (1.20 ± 0.17 g dL-1), albumin (0.52 ± 0.01 g dL-1) and globulin (0.96 ± 0.01 g dL-1) and sheds light on their potential toxic effects on tadpoles.


Assuntos
Compostos Férricos , Muramidase , Animais , Larva/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Compostos Férricos/química , Estresse Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Albuminas/farmacologia , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro
7.
Chem Biol Interact ; 394: 110977, 2024 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38548214

RESUMO

The applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as biocatalysts in different biomedical areas have been evolved very recently. One of the main challenges in this field is to design affective MNPs surfaces with catalytically active atomic centres, while producing minimal toxicological side effects on the hosting cell or tissues. MNPs of vanadium spinel ferrite (VFe2O4) are a promising material for mimicking the action of natural enzymes in degrading harmful substrates due to the presence of active V5+ centres. However, the toxicity of this material has not been yet studied in detail enough to grant biomedical safety. In this work, we have extensively measured the structural, compositional, and magnetic properties of a series of VxFe3-xO4 spinel ferrite MNPs to assess the surface composition and oxidation state of V atoms, and also performed systematic and extensive in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity testing required to assess their safety in potential clinical applications. We could establish the presence of V5+ at the particle surface even in water-based colloidal samples at pH 7, as well as different amounts of V2+ and V3+ substitution at the A and B sites of the spinel structure. All samples showed large heating efficiency with Specific Loss Power values up to 400 W/g (H0 = 30 kA/m; f = 700 kHz). Samples analysed for safety in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line with up to 24h of exposure showed that these MNPs did not induce major genomic abnormalities such as micronuclei, nuclear buds, or nucleoplasmic bridges (MNIs, NBUDs, and NPBs), nor did they cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) or aneugenic effects-types of damage considered most harmful to cellular genetic material. The present study is an essential step towards the use of these type of nanomaterials in any biomedical or clinical application.


Assuntos
Compostos Férricos , Humanos , Compostos Férricos/química , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Células Hep G2 , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Alta , Vanádio/química , Vanádio/toxicidade , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/toxicidade , Calefação , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/toxicidade
8.
Environ Res ; 252(Pt 1): 118396, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38331143

RESUMO

The recombination of photogenerated carrier leads to inefficient Fe2+ regeneration, which limits the extensive application of heterogeneous photo-Fenton. Here, a novel Fe@Fe2O3/BiOBr catalyst with Z-scheme heterojunction structure is designed, and the establishment of the Z-scheme heterojunction facilitates the separation and transfer of photogenerated carrier and maintains the superior redox capability of the system. As-prepared Fe@Fe2O3/BiOBr catalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic performance and stability, especially for the optimum composite FFB-3, its degradation efficiency of tetracycline (TC) achieves 98.22% and the mineralization degree reaches 59.48% within 90 min under natural pH. The preeminent catalytic efficiency benefited from the synergistic of heterogeneous photo-Fenton and Z-scheme carriers transfer mechanism, where Fe2+ regeneration was achieved by photogenerated electrons, and increased hydroxyl radicals were produced with the participation of H2O2 in-situ generated. The results of free-radical scavenging experiment and ESR illustrated that •OH, •O2-, 1O2 and h+ were active species participating in TC degradation. Furthermore, the TC degradation paths were proposed according to LC-MS, and the toxicity evaluation result showed that the toxicity of TC solutions was markedly decreased after degradation. This study provides an innovative strategy for heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of antibiotic contaminations by constructing Z-scheme heterojunctions.


Assuntos
Bismuto , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Tetraciclina , Tetraciclina/química , Tetraciclina/toxicidade , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Bismuto/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Ferro/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Compostos Férricos/química , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Animais , Catálise
9.
Nanotoxicology ; 17(8-9): 562-580, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37982374

RESUMO

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are showing promise in many biomedical applications. One of these- magnetic hyperthermia- utilizes externally applied alternating magnetic fields and tumor-residing magnetic nanoparticles to generate localized therapeutic temperature elevations. Magnetic hyperthermia is approved in Europe to treat glioblastoma and is undergoing clinical assessment in the United States to treat prostate cancer. In this study, we performed biodistribution and histological analysis of a new IONP (RCL-01) in Wistar rats. These nanoparticles are currently undergoing clinical assessment in locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to determine the feasibility of magnetic hyperthermia treatment in this disease. The study presented here aimed to determine the fate of these nanoparticles in vivo and whether this results in organ damage. Wistar rats were injected intravenously with relatively high doses of IONP (30 mgFe/kg, 45 mgFe/kg and 60 mgFe/kg) and compared to a vehicle control to determine the accumulation of iron in organs and whether this resulted in histological changes in these tissues. Dose-dependent increases of iron were observed in the liver, spleen and lungs of IONP-treated animals at 7 days postinjection; however, this did not result in significant histological changes in these tissues. Immunofluorescent imaging determined these nanoparticles are internalized by macrophages in tissue, suggesting they are readily phagocytosed by the reticuloendothelial system for eventual recycling. Notably, no changes in iron or dextran staining were found in the kidneys across all treatment groups, providing evidence for potential renal clearance.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Nanopartículas , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Distribuição Tecidual , Dextranos , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/toxicidade , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Compostos Férricos/uso terapêutico , Ferro , Nanopartículas/toxicidade
10.
Chemosphere ; 339: 139790, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37572712

RESUMO

A photochemical system combining iron (hydr)oxides and oxalate (Ox) shows application prospects in wastewater treatment due to the abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nevertheless, it is a challenge to the investigate photochemical activity of iron (hydr)oxides/Ox systems with varying structural properties. Herein, the photochemical behaviors of Ox on goethite (Gt) surface from the view of structural dependent activity, containment degradation, and ROS generation were explored in detail. Results confirmed that bidentate mononuclear was formed on Gt surface after complexing Ox. Combined with density functional theory calculation and pH time evolution during aniline degradation, the photochemical activity of the Gt/Ox system fell in between that of ferrihydrite/Ox and hematite/Ox systems. After irradiating 120 min visible light, 96.5% aniline was degraded by 1.0 mM Ox and 0.2 g/L Gt. The amount of •OH in vis/Gt/Ox system could be up to 309.3 µM and its generation was closely associated with Fe(II) while slightly affected by the generated H2O2. Moreover, as revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric and Ecological Structure Activity Relationships software, the toxicity of the intermediates of aniline degradation in the vis/Gt/Ox system towards fish and green algae increased first but then declined accompanied by the generation of non-toxic ring-opening products at the end of reaction. According to the findings in the presented study, it could be concluded that vis/Gt/Ox is a promising approach to wiping out aniline wastewater.


Assuntos
Radical Hidroxila , Oxalatos , Oxalatos/química , Radical Hidroxila/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Oxirredução , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Compostos Férricos/química , Ferro/química , Óxidos
11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36717044

RESUMO

Iron is an essential element for plant and animal life and is found in soil, fresh waters and marine waters. The Fe3+ ion is a vital prosthetic group and cofactor to mitochondrial electron transport complexes and numerous proteins involved in normal functioning. Despite its importance to life-sustaining processes, overexposure results in toxicity. For example, ferric iron (Fe3+) accumulation in the mammalian central nervous system is associated with various neurological disorders. Although current literature addresses the long-term effects of Fe3+ overload, fewer studies exist examining the effects of acute exposure. Using the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), we investigate the effects of acute Fe3+ overload on proprioception within the propodite-dactylopodite (PD) nerve. For proprioceptive studies, 10- and 20-mM ferric chloride and ferric ammonium citrate solutions were used at 5- and 20- min exposure times. Exposure to 20 mM concentrations of ferric chloride and ferric ammonium citrate reduced excitability in proprioceptive neurons. Thus, Fe3+ likely blocks stretch-activated channels or voltage-gated Na+ channels. The depressive effects of Fe3+ are partly reversible following saline washout, indicating cells are not acutely damaged. Gadolinium (GdCl3, 1 and 10 mM) was used to examine the effects of an additional trivalent ion comparator. Gd3+ depressed PD nerve compound action potential amplitude while increasing the compound action potential duration. This study is relevant in demonstrating the dose-dependent effects of acute Fe3+ and Gd3+ exposure on proprioception and provides a model system to further investigate the mechanisms by which metals act on the nervous system.


Assuntos
Compostos Férricos , Ferro , Animais , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Ferro/toxicidade , Ferro/metabolismo , Invertebrados/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Propriocepção , Mamíferos/metabolismo
12.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 249: 114364, 2023 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36508806

RESUMO

Ferric citrate (FC) has been used as an iron fortifier and nutritional supplement, which is reported to induce colitis in rats, however the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. We performed a 16-week study of FC in male healthy C57BL/6 mice (nine-month-old) with oral administration of Ctr (0.9 % NaCl), 1.25 % FC (71 mg/kg/bw), 2.5 % FC (143 mg/kg/bw) and 5 % FC (286 mg/kg/bw). FC-exposure resulted in colon iron accumulation, histological alteration and reduce antioxidant enzyme activities, such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), together with enhanced lipid peroxidation level, including malondialdehyde (MDA) level and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein expression. Exposure to FC was associated with upregulated levels of the interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1ß, IL-18, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), while down-regulated levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Exposure to FC was positively associated with the mRNA and protein expressions of cysteine-aspartic proteases (Caspase)- 9, Caspase-3, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), while negatively associated with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) in mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. FC-exposure changed the diversity and composition of gut microbes. Additionally, the serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contents increased in FC-exposed groups when compared with the control group, while the expression of colonic tight junction proteins (TJPs), such as Claudin-1 and Occludin were decreased. These findings indicate that the colonic mucosal injury induced by FC-exposure are associated with oxidative stress generation, inflammation response and cell apoptosis, as well as the changes in gut microbes diversity and composition.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Colo , Compostos Férricos , Alimentos Fortificados , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Ratos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Alimentos Fortificados/toxicidade , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ferro/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo
13.
Talanta ; 251: 123770, 2023 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35961081

RESUMO

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been widely used as a nanoscale tool in biomedical research. However, it remains largely unknown how IONPs are transformed at a subcellular level to elicit distinct biological effects. In the present study, we prepared three different IONPs, including two IONPs targeting mitochondria (IONP-TPP) and lysosomes (IONP-APM), respectively, and a control with no specified target (IONP). By MTT assay and JC-1 staining, mitochondria-targeted IONP-TPP was found to produce significant cytotoxicity and severe mitochondrial membrane depolarization in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis revealed that IONP-TPP underwent remarkable edge defects and oxidation inside the cell. These findings suggest that IONPs are prone to the chemical transformation at mitochondria, and mitochondria are vulnerable to IONPs accumulation in the cell.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Nanopartículas , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Lisossomos , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Mitocôndrias , Coloração e Rotulagem
14.
Curr Med Chem ; 30(15): 1756-1775, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36214302

RESUMO

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFN) have drawn attention as a theranostic agent. Unique physicochemical features of CFN and magnetic properties make CFN an outstanding candidate for biomedical, agricultural, and environmental applications. The extensive use of CFN may result in intentional inoculation of humans for disease diagnosis and therapeutic purposes or unintentional penetration of CFN via inhalation, ingestion, adsorption, or other means. Therefore, understanding the potential cytotoxicity of CFN may pave the way for their future biomedical and agricultural applications. This review scrutinized CFN biocompatibility, possible effects, and cytotoxic mechanisms in different biological systems. Literature indicates CFN toxicity is linked with their size, synthesizing methods, coating materials, exposure time, route of administration, and test concentrations. Some in vitro cytotoxicity tests showed misleading results of CFN potency; this might be due to the interaction of CFN with cytotoxicity assay regents. To date, published research indicates that the biocompatibility of CFN outweighed its cytotoxic effects in plant or animal models, but the opposite outcomes were observed in aquatic Zebrafish.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Humanos , Nanopartículas/química , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Compostos Férricos/química , Cobalto/toxicidade , Cobalto/química
15.
PLoS One ; 17(11): e0277396, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36395271

RESUMO

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNps) have become powerful tools for multiple biomedical applications such as hyperthermia drivers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vectors, as well as drug-delivery systems. However, their toxic effects on human health have not yet been fully elucidated, especially in view of their great diversity of surface modifications and functionalizations. Citrate-coating of MNps often results in increased hydrophilicity, which may positively impact their performance as drug-delivery systems. Nonetheless, the consequences on the intrinsic toxicity of such MNps are unpredictable. Herein, novel magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles covered with citrate were synthesized and their potential intrinsic acute toxic effects were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. The proposed synthetic pathway turned out to be simple, quick, inexpensive, and reproducible. Concerning toxicity risk assessment, these citrate-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONps) did not affect the in vitro viability of different cell lines (HaCaT and HepG2). Moreover, the in vivo acute dose assay (OECD test guideline #425) showed no alterations in clinical parameters, relevant biochemical variables, or morphological aspects of vital organs (such as brain, liver, lung and kidney). Iron concentrations were slightly increased in the liver, as shown by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Perls Prussian Blue Staining assays, but this finding was considered non-adverse, given the absence of accompanying functional/clinical repercussions. In conclusion, this study reports on the development of a simple, fast and reproducible method to obtain citrate-coated IONps with promising safety features, which may be used as a drug nanodelivery system in the short run. (263 words).


Assuntos
Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Humanos , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/toxicidade , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Ácido Cítrico , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Compostos Férricos/química , Citratos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Óxido Ferroso-Férrico
16.
Hum Exp Toxicol ; 41: 9603271221131312, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36305384

RESUMO

Earlier we have shown that exposure to copper-nitrilotriacetate (Cu-NTA) manifests toxicity by generating oxidative stress and potent induction of proliferative reaction in the liver and kidney. In the study, we look at the impact of nitroglycerin (GTN) administration on Cu-NTA-induced oxidative stress and hyperproliferative response in the liver and kidney. GTN administration intraperitoneally to male Wistar rats after Cu-NTA administration intraperitoneally caused substantial protection against Cu-NTA-induced tissue injury, oxidative stress and hyperproliferative response. Cu-NTA administration at a dose of 4.5 mg/kg body weight produces significant (p < .001) elevation in biochemical parameters including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) with a concomitant increase in microsomal lipid peroxidation. Along with these alterations, we discovered a substantial increment in [3H]thymidine incorporation into hepatic and renal DNA synthesis (p < .001). Cu-NTA-induced tissue damage and lipid peroxidation in hepatic and renal tissues were inhibited by GTN treatment in a dose-dependent manner (p < .05-0.001). Furthermore, GTN can suppress the hyperproliferative response elicited by Cu-NTA by down-regulating the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into hepatic and renal DNA (p < .01-0.001). Protective effect of GTN against Cu-NTA was also confirmed by histopathological changes in liver and kidney. This result suggests that GTN may serve as a scavenger for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces toxic metabolites of Cu-NTA, thereby avoiding tissue injury and oxidative stress. Further, administration of NO inhibitor, NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), exacerbated Cu-NTA induced oxidative tissue damage and cell proliferation. Overall, GTN reduces Cu-NTA-induced tissue damage, oxidative stress, and proliferative response in the rat liver and kidney, according to these findings. On the basis of the above results, present study suggests that GTN may be a potential therapeutic agent for restoration of oxidative damage and proliferation to liver and kidney.


Assuntos
Cobre , Nitroglicerina , Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Nitroglicerina/farmacologia , Cobre/toxicidade , Ratos Wistar , Rim , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Ácido Nitrilotriacético/toxicidade , Ácido Nitrilotriacético/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Fígado/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Timidina/metabolismo , Timidina/farmacologia , DNA/metabolismo , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade
17.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1357: 303-350, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35583650

RESUMO

Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION), with unique magnetic properties, have attracted huge scientific attention for a wide variety of uses, mostly in the biomedical field, due to their high biocompatibility, ability to cross biological membranes, appropriate surface architecture and easy conjugation with targeting ligands. Their current applications include diagnostic imaging, cell labelling, site-directed drug delivery and anticancer hyperthermia therapy. The ION surface may be modified by coating with different materials, aiming to stabilize the nanoparticles in different environments, to allow biomolecule binding favouring surface attachments with several molecules, and to prolong the recognition time by the immune system. Although the potential benefits of ION are considerable, and more and more ION are being manufactured to meet the demands of the rapidly proliferating field of nanomedicine, there is an urgent need to define their toxicological profile in order to avoid any potential health risks associated with their exposure and to reach optimal benefits of their use. The purpose of this chapter is to de-scribe the current knowledge on the ION toxicological features, addressing their structure and physicochemical characteristics, main exposure pathways and toxicokinetic aspects, interaction with cells, and their toxic effects, with special attention to those at the cellular and molecular level.


Assuntos
Nanomedicina , Nanopartículas , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/efeitos adversos , Compostos Férricos/química , Compostos Férricos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro , Magnetismo , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/toxicidade
18.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc ; 278: 121337, 2022 Oct 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35537264

RESUMO

The core size of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) is a crucial factor defining not only their magnetic properties but also toxicological profile and biocompatibility. On the other hand, particular IONPs may induce different biological response depending on the dose, exposure time, but mainly depending on the examined system. New light on this problem may be shed by the information concerning biomolecular anomalies appearing in various cell lines in response to the action of IONPs with different core diameters and this was accomplished in the present study. Using Raman microscopy we studied the abnormalities in the accumulation of proteins, lipids and organic matter within the nucleus, cytoplasm and cellular membrane of macrophages, HEK293T and U87MG cell line occurring as a result of 24-hour long exposure to PEG-coated magnetite IONPs. The examined nanoparticles had 5, 10 and 30 nm cores and were administered in doses 5 and 25 µg Fe/ml. The obtained results showed significant anomalies in biochemical composition of macrophages and the U87MG cells, but not the HEK293T cells, occurring as a result of exposure to all of the examined nanoparticles. However, IONPs with 10 nm core diminished the accumulation of biomolecules in cells only when they were administered at a larger dose. The Raman spectra recorded for the macrophages subjected to 30 nm IONPs and for the U87MG cells exposed to 5 and 10 nm showed the presence of additional bands in the wavenumber range 1700-2400 cm-1, probably resulting from the appearance of Fe adducts within cells. Our results indicate, moreover, that smaller IONPs may be effectively internalized into the U87MG cells, which points at their diagnostic/therapeutic potential in the case of glioblastoma multiforme.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Nanopartículas , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Óxido Ferroso-Férrico , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Macrófagos , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/toxicidade , Nanopartículas/química
19.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 6887, 2022 04 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35477987

RESUMO

The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of developing low-cost multipurpose iron oxide/TiO2 nanocomposites (NCs) for use in combined antitumor therapies and water treatment applications. Larger size (≈ 100 nm) iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) formed magnetic core-TiO2 shell structures at high Fe/Ti ratios and solid dispersions of IONPs embedded in TiO2 matrices when the Fe/Ti ratio was low. When the size of the iron phase was comparable to the size of the crystallized TiO2 nanoparticles (≈ 10 nm), the obtained nanocomposites consisted of randomly mixed aggregates of TiO2 and IONPs. The best inductive heating and ROS photogeneration properties were shown by the NCs synthesized at 400 °C which contained the minimum amount of α-Fe2O3 and sufficiently crystallized anatase TiO2. Their cytocompatibility was assessed on cultured human and murine fibroblast cells and analyzed in relation to the adsorption of bovine serum albumin from the culture medium onto their surface. The tested nanocomposites showed excellent cytocompatibility to human fibroblast cells. The results also indicated that the environment (i.e. phosphate buffer or culture medium) used to disperse the nanomaterials prior to performing the viability tests can have a significant impact on their cytotoxicity.


Assuntos
Nanocompostos , Óxidos , Animais , Compostos Férricos/química , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Humanos , Camundongos , Nanocompostos/química , Nanocompostos/toxicidade , Titânio
20.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 35(1(Supplementary)): 297-303, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35228191

RESUMO

Thrombosis, the formation of blood clots due to platelet aggregation, vascular injury or hypercoagulability, leads to cardiovascular pathologies including myocardial or cerebral infarction. Antiplatelet and thrombolytic agents have promising effects in ameliorating thromboembolism and dissolving blood clots. However, the associated limitations generate the need to explore agents from natural origin. The aim of the study was to explore the potential of aqueous methanolic extract (Sc.Cr) of an indigenous plant, Sida cordifolia L., traditionally used for cardiovascular complaints. Sc.Cr was evaluated by clot lysis assay, acute pulmonary embolism, carrageenan-induced tail vein thrombosis and ferric chloride-induced carotid arterial thrombosis models. Hemostasis parameters were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Histological studies showed restoration with clear alveolar spaces and less red blood cell congestion. Significant reduction in infarcted length of thrombus, escalation in coagulation parameters with a profound decrease in platelet count (PC) were observed. Arterial occlusion time was increased with a reduction in weight of thrombus dose-dependently with significant augmentation in PT and APTT. Sc.Cr was also analyzed for phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential. The results demonstrated the antithrombotic and thrombolytic potential of Sc.Cr using in vitro and in vivo experimental models.


Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sida (Planta)/química , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Anticoagulantes/química , Carragenina/toxicidade , Cloretos/toxicidade , Colágeno/toxicidade , Epinefrina/toxicidade , Feminino , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Trombose/induzido quimicamente
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