RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are crucial regulators of gene expression, DNA synthesis, and cellular processes, making them essential targets in cancer research. HDAC6, specifically, influences protein stability and chromatin dynamics. Despite HDAC6's potential therapeutic value, its exact role in gene regulation and chromatin remodeling needs further clarification. This study examines how HDAC6 inactivation influences lysine acetyltransferase P300 stabilization and subsequent effects on chromatin structure and function in cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: We employed the HDAC6 inhibitor ITF3756, siRNA, or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to inactivate HDAC6 in different epigenomic backgrounds. Constantly, this inactivation led to significant changes in chromatin accessibility, particularly increased acetylation of histone H3 lysines 9, 14, and 27 (ATAC-seq and H3K27Ac ChIP-seq analysis). Transcriptomics, proteomics, and gene ontology analysis revealed gene changes in cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Significantly, HDAC6 inactivation altered P300 ubiquitination, stabilizing P300 and leading to downregulating genes critical for cancer cell survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the substantial impact of HDAC6 inactivation on the chromatin landscape of cancer cells and suggests a role for P300 in contributing to the anticancer effects. The stabilization of P300 with HDAC6 inhibition proposes a potential shift in therapeutic focus from HDAC6 itself to its interaction with P300. This finding opens new avenues for developing targeted cancer therapies, improving our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer cells.
Assuntos
Cromatina , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Humanos , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/genética , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Acetilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Proteína p300 Associada a E1A/genética , Proteína p300 Associada a E1A/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/genética , Histonas/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Among the HDACs family, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has attracted extensive attention due to its unique structure and biological functions. Numerous studies have shown that compared with broad-spectrum HDACs inhibitors, selective HDAC6 inhibitors exert ideal efficacy in tumor treatment with insignificant toxic and side effects, demonstrating promising clinical application prospect. Herein, we carried out rational drug design by integrating a deep learning model, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation technology to construct a virtual screening process. The designed derivatives with 5-phenyl-1H-indole fragment as Cap showed desirable cytotoxicity to the various tumor cell lines, all of which were within 15 µM (ranging from 0.35 to 14.87 µM), among which compound 5i had the best antiproliferative activities against HL-60 (IC50 = 0.35 ± 0.07 µM) and arrested HL-60 cells in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, 5i exhibited better isotype selective inhibitory activities due to the potent potency against HDAC6 (IC50 = 5.16 ± 0.25 nM) and the reduced inhibitory activities against HDAC1 (selective index ≈ 124), which was further verified by immunoblotting results. Moreover, the representative binding conformation of 5i on HDAC6 was revealed and the key residues contributing 5i's binding were also identified via decomposition free-energy analysis. The discovery of lead compound 5i also indicates that virtual screening is still a beneficial tool in drug discovery and can provide more molecular skeletons with research potential for drug design, which is worthy of widespread application.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Indóis , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Indóis/farmacologia , Indóis/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Interface Usuário-ComputadorRESUMO
Because of synergism between tubulin and HDAC inhibitors, we used the pharmacophore fusion strategy to generate potential tubulin-HDAC dual inhibitors. Drug design was based on the introduction of a N-hydroxyacrylamide or a N-hydroxypropiolamide at the 5-position of the 2-aroylbenzo[b]furan skeleton, to produce compounds 6a-i and 11a-h, respectively. Among the synthesized compounds, derivatives 6a, 6c, 6e, 6g, 11a, and 11c showed excellent antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values at single- or double-digit nanomolar levels, against the A549, HT-29, and MCF-7 cells resistant towards the control compound combretastatin A-4 (CA-4). Compounds 11a and 6g were also 10-fold more active than CA-4 against the Hela cell line. When comparing the inhibition of tubulin polymerization versus the HDAC6 inhibitory activity, we found that 6a-g, 6i, 11a, 11c, and 11e, although very potent as inhibitors of tubulin assembly, did not have significant inhibitory activity against HDAC6.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Benzofuranos , Proliferação de Células , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos , Moduladores de Tubulina , Tubulina (Proteína) , Humanos , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/síntese química , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacologia , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntese química , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/química , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/síntese química , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Células HeLa , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células MCF-7 , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Células HT29RESUMO
Our previously reported HDAC6 inhibitor (HDAC6i) Marbostat-100 (4) has provided many arguments for further clinical evaluation. By the substitution of the acidic hydrogen of 4 for different carbon residues, we were able to generate an all-carbon stereocenter, which significantly improves the hydrolytic stability of the inhibitor. Further asymmetric synthesis has shown that the (S)-configured inhibitors preferentially bind to HDAC6. This led to the highly selective and potent methyl-substituted derivative S-29b, which elicited a long-lasting tubulin hyperacetylation in MV4-11 cells. Finally, a crystal structure of the HDAC6/S-29b complex provided mechanistic explanation for the high potency and stereoselectivity of synthesized compound series.
Assuntos
Carbolinas , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Humanos , Carbolinas/química , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Carbolinas/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Morfolinas/síntese química , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a promising drug target for the treatment of human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (in particular, Alzheimer's disease), and multiple sclerosis. Considerable attention is paid to the development of selective non-toxic HDAC6 inhibitors. To this end, we successfully form a set of 3854 compounds and proposed adequate regression QSAR models for HDAC6 inhibitors. The models have been developed using the PubChem, Klekota-Roth, 2D atom pair fingerprints, and RDkit descriptors and the gradient boosting, support vector machines, neural network, and k-nearest neighbours methods. The models are integrated into the developed HT_PREDICT application, which is freely available at https://htpredict.streamlit.app/. In vitro studies have confirmed the predictive ability of the proposed QSAR models integrated into the HT_PREDICT web application. In addition, the virtual screening performed with the HT_PREDICT web application allowed us to propose two promising inhibitors for further investigations.
Assuntos
Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Aprendizado de Máquina , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-Atividade , Humanos , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Redes Neurais de Computação , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de MedicamentosRESUMO
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and HDAC6 mediate the NF-κB pathway in inflammatory responses, and their inhibitors exhibit powerful anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in treating both inflammation and pain. Therefore, a series of dual-targeting inhibitors containing urea or squaramide and hydroxamic acid moieties were designed and synthesized, and their role as a new sEH/HDAC6 dual-targeting inhibitor in inflammatory pain was evaluated in a formalin-induced mice model and a xylene-induced mouse ear swelling model. Among them, compounds 28g and 28j showed the best inhibitory and selectivity of sEH and HDAC6. Compound 28g had satisfactory pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats. Following administration at 30 mg/kg, compound 28g exhibited more effective analgesic activity than either an sEH inhibitor (GL-B437) or an HDAC6 inhibitor (Rocilinostat) alone and coadministration of both inhibitors. Thus, these novel sEH/HDAC6 dual-targeting inhibitors exhibited powerful analgesic activity in nociceptive behavior and are worthy of further development.
Assuntos
Analgésicos , Desenho de Fármacos , Epóxido Hidrolases , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Inflamação , Dor , Animais , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Analgésicos/síntese química , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/farmacocinética , Analgésicos/química , Masculino , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacocinética , Epóxido Hidrolases/antagonistas & inibidores , Epóxido Hidrolases/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , HumanosRESUMO
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is increasingly recognized for its potential in targeted disease therapy. This study delves into the mechanistic and structural nuances of HDAC6 inhibition by difluoromethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (DFMO) derivatives, a class of non-hydroxamic inhibitors with remarkable selectivity and potency. Employing a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) kinetic experiments, comprehensive enzymatic characterizations, and X-ray crystallography, we dissect the intricate details of the DFMO-HDAC6 interaction dynamics. More specifically, we find that the chemical structure of a DMFO and the binding mode of its difluoroacetylhydrazide derivative are crucial in determining the predominant hydrolysis mechanism. Our findings provide additional insights into two different mechanisms of DFMO hydrolysis, thus contributing to a better understanding of the HDAC6 inhibition by oxadiazoles in disease modulation and therapeutic intervention.
Assuntos
Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Oxidiazóis , Oxidiazóis/química , Oxidiazóis/farmacologia , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Humanos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cinética , Ligação Proteica , Modelos Moleculares , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an essential regulator of histone acetylation processes, exerting influence on a multitude of cellular functions such as cell motility, endocytosis, autophagy, apoptosis, and protein trafficking through its deacetylation activity. The significant implications of HDAC6 in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immune disorders have motivated extensive investigation into the development of specific inhibitors targeting this enzyme for therapeutic purposes. Single targeting drugs carry the risk of inducing drug resistance, thus prompting exploration of dual targeting therapy which offers the potential to impact multiple signaling pathways simultaneously, thereby lowering the likelihood of resistance development. While pharmacological studies have exhibited promise in combined therapy involving HDAC6, challenges related to potential drug interactions exist. In response to these challenges, researchers are investigating HDAC6 hybrid molecules which enable the concomitant targeting of HDAC6 and other key proteins, thus enhancing treatment efficacy while mitigating side effects and reducing the risk of resistance compared to traditional combination therapies. The published design strategies for dual targeting inhibitors of HDAC6 are summarized and discussed in this review. This will provide some valuable insights into more novel HDAC6 dual targeting inhibitors to meet the urgent need for innovative therapies in oncology and other related fields.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Neoplasias , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Humanos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Estrutura Molecular , AnimaisRESUMO
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by a progressive fibrotic phenotype. Immunohistochemical studies on HDAC6 overexpression in IPF lung tissues confirmed that IPF is associated with aberrant HDAC6 activity. We herein developed a series of novel HDAC6 inhibitors that can be used as potential pharmacological tools for IPF treatment. The best-performing derivative H10 showed good selectivity for multiple isoforms of the HDAC family. The structural analysis and structure-activity relationship studies of H10 will contribute to optimizing the binding mode of the new molecules. The pharmacological mechanism of H10 to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis was validated, and its ability to inhibit the IPF phenotype was also demonstrated. Moreover, H10 showed satisfactory metabolic stability. The efficacy of H10 was also determined in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The results highlighted in this paper may provide a reference for the identification of new drug molecules for the treatment of IPF.
Assuntos
Descoberta de Drogas , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/patologia , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Bleomicina , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Masculino , Pirróis/química , Pirróis/farmacologia , Pirróis/síntese químicaRESUMO
With the intensive research on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), inhibition of HDAC6 appears to be a potential therapeutic approach for AD. In this paper, a series of tetrahydro-ß-carboline derivatives with hydroxamic acid group were fast synthesized. Among all, the most potent 15 selectively inhibited HDAC6 with IC50 of 15.2 nM and markedly increased acetylated alpha-tubulin levels. In cellular assay, 15 showed excellent neurotrophic effect by increasing the expression of GAP43 and Beta-3 tubulin markers. Besides, 15 showed neuroprotective effects in PC12 or SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2 and 6-OHDA injury through activation of Nrf2, catalase and Prx II, and significantly reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In vivo, 15 significantly attenuated zebrafish anxiety-like behaviour and memory deficits in a SCOP-induced zebrafish model of AD. To sum up, multifunctional 15 might be a good lead to develop novel tetrahydrocarboline-based agents for the treatment of AD.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Carbolinas , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Peixe-Zebra , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Carbolinas/química , Carbolinas/síntese química , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Humanos , Animais , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Ratos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/síntese química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células PC12 , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a pathological process caused by the deficiency and subsequent reperfusion of oxygen and blood to the lung. Literature reports that the catalytic activity and expression of HDAC6 can be induced in response to IRI. HDAC6 inhibition confers protective effects against a series of IRI and also exerts pulmonary protection against various lung damage. The present study was formulated to investigate the functional role of HDAC6 inhibitor in LIRI and to probe into the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the protective role of HDAC6 inhibitor against LIRI. METHODS: Lung epithelial cell line MLE-12 cells were subjected to H/R injury to construct in vitro cell culture model of LIRI. For functional experiments, MLE-12 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of selective HDAC6 inhibitor ACY-1215 (1, 5, 10⯵M) to evaluate the biological role of HDAC6 in LIRI. For rescue experiments, MLE-12 cells were pre-treated with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 (10⯵M) or ERK activator LM22B-10 (50⯵M) to discuss the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: It was verified that HDAC6 inhibition repressed H/R-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction of MLE-12 cells. HDAC6 inhibition activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inactivated ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway in MLE-12 cells. The repressing effects of HDAC6 inhibition on H/R-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction of MLE-12 cells were partially abolished upon pre-treatment with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 or ERK activator LM22B-10. CONCLUSION: HDAC6 inhibition may mitigate H/R-induced lung epithelial cell injury depending on activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inactivation of ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Pulmão , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2 , NF-kappa B , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Transdução de Sinais , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Animais , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Camundongos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: External radiation therapy (RT) is often a primary treatment for inoperable meningiomas in the absence of established chemotherapy. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) overexpression, commonly found in cancer, is acknowledged as a driver of cellular growth, and inhibiting HDACs holds promise in improving radiotherapeutic efficacy. Downregulation of HDAC6 facilitates the degradation of ß-catenin. This protein is a key element in the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway, contributing to the progression of meningiomas. METHODS: In order to elucidate the associations and therapeutic potential of HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6i) in conjunction with RT, we administered Cay10603, HDAC6i, to both immortalised and patient-derived meningioma cells prior to RT in this study. FINDINGS: Our findings reveal an increase in HDAC6 expression following exposure to RT, which is effectively mitigated with pre-treated Cay10603. The combination of Cay10603 with RT resulted in a synergistic augmentation of cytotoxic effects, as demonstrated through a range of functional assays conducted in both 2D as well as 3D settings; the latter containing syngeneic tumour microenvironment (TME). Radiation-induced DNA damage was augmented by pre-treatment with Cay10603, concomitant with the inhibition of ß-catenin and minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) accumulation within the nucleus. This subsequently inhibited c-myc oncogene expression. INTERPRETATION: Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Cay10603 to improve the radiosensitisation and provide rationale for combining HDAC6i with RT for the treatment of meningioma. FUNDING: This work was funded by Brain Tumour Research Centre of Excellence award to C Oliver Hanemann.
Assuntos
Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Meningioma , Humanos , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/genética , Meningioma/radioterapia , Meningioma/patologia , Meningioma/metabolismo , Meningioma/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , beta Catenina/metabolismo , beta Catenina/genética , Neoplasias Meníngeas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Meníngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Meníngeas/genética , Via de Sinalização Wnt/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos da radiação , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths globally. Systemic therapy is the only treatment option for HCC at an advanced stage, with limited therapeutic response. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor potential of four N-acylhydrazone (NAH) derivatives, namely LASSBio-1909, 1911, 1935, and 1936, on HCC cell lines. We have previously demonstrated that the aforementioned NAH derivatives selectively inhibit histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in lung cancer cells, but their effects on HCC cells have not been explored. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of NAH derivatives on the proliferative behavior of HCC cells. LASSBio-1911 was the most cytotoxic compound against HCC cells, however its effects were minimal on normal cells. Our results showed that LASSBio-1911 inhibited HDAC6 in HCC cells leading to cell cycle arrest and decreased cell proliferation. There was also an increase in the frequency of cells in mitosis onset, which was associated with disturbing mitotic spindle formation. These events were accompanied by elevated levels of CDKN1A mRNA, accumulation of CCNB1 protein, and sustained ERK1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, LASSBio-1911 induced DNA damage, resulting in senescence and/or apoptosis. Our findings indicate that selective inhibition of HDAC6 may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of advanced HCC, including tumor subtypes with integrated viral genome. Further, in vivo studies are required to validate the antitumor effect of LASSBio-1911 on liver cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Proliferação de Células , Senescência Celular , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Hidrazonas , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrazonas/farmacologia , Senescência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/metabolismo , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/genética , Ciclina B1/metabolismo , Ciclina B1/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) modifies the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) affect the levels of pathological markers such as Aß oligomers (Aßo) and Tau phosphorylation (p-Tau) in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice hippocampal tissues or HT22 neurons as well as the changes in cognitive behavioral functions of mice. (1) APP/PS1 transgenic mice (6 months old, 25 ~ 30 g) were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups, C57BL/6J mice (6 months old, 25 ~ 30 g) were used as 4 control groups, with 8 mice in each group. All mice underwent intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannulation, and the experimental groups were administered with normal saline (APP + NS group), HDAC6 agonist tubastatin A hydrochloride (TSA) (APP + TSA group) or HDAC6 agonist theophylline (Theo) (APP + Theo group), HSP90 inhibitor Ganetespib (Gane) (APP + Gane group), or a combination of pre-injected Gane by TSA (APP + Gane + TSA group); the control group received i.c.v. injections of Gane (Gane group), TSA (TSA group), Theo (Theo group) or NS (NS group), respectively. (2) Mouse hippocampal neurons HT22 were randomly divided into a control group (Control) and an Aß1-42 intervention group (Aß). Within the Aß group, further divisions were made for knockdown HSP90 (Aß + siHSP90 group), overexpression HSP90 (Aß + OE-HSP90 group), knockdown HSF1(Aß + siHSF1 group) and knockdown HSF1 followed by overexpression HSP90 (Aß + siHSF1 + OE-HSP90 group), resulting in a total of 6 groups. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive behavior of the mice. Western blot and immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence were performed to detect the levels of HDAC6, HSP90, HSF1, Aß1-42, Tau protein, and p-Tau in the hippocampal tissue or HT22 cells. qRT-PCR was used to measure the levels of hdac6, hsp90, and hsf1 mRNA in the hippocampus or nerve cells. (1) The levels of HDAC6, Aß1-42 and p-Tau were elevated, while HSP90 and HSF1 were decreased in the hippocampal tissue of APP/PS1 transgenic mice (all P < 0.01). Inhibiting HDAC6 upregulated the expressions of HSP90 and HSF1 in the hippocampal tissue of APP/PS1 mice, while decreasing the levels of Aß1-42 and p-Tau as well as improving the spatial cognitive behavior in mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The opposite effects were observed upon HDAC6 activation. However, inhibiting HSP90 reduced the expression of HSF1 (P < 0.01) and increased the levels of Aß1-42 and p-Tau (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) but did not significantly affect the expression of HDAC6 (P > 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the aforementioned indicators in the 4 control groups (P > 0.05). (2) In the Aß1-42 intervention group, HDAC6 and Aß1-42, p-Tau expression levels were elevated, while HSP90 and HSF1 expressions were all decreased, and cell viability was reduced (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Overexpression of HSP90 upregulated HSF1 expression, decreased the levels of Aß1-42 and p-Tau, and increased cell viability (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Knocking down HSP90 had the opposite effect; and knocking down HSF1 increased the levels of Aß1-42 and p-Tau and decreased cells viability (all P < 0.01), but did not result in significant changes in the expression levels of HSP90 (P > 0.05). Inhibiting HDAC6 can upregulate the expressions of HSP90 and HSF1 but reduce the levels of Aß1-42 and p-Tau in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and improvement of cognitive behavioral function in mice; Overexpression of HSP90 can increase HSF1 but decrease Aß1-42 and p-Tau levels in the hippocampal neurons and increase cell activity. It is suggested that HDAC6 may affect the formation of Aß oligomers and the changes in Tau protein phosphorylation levels in the hippocampus of AD transgenic mouse as well as the alterations in cognitive behavioral functions by regulating the HSP90-HSF1 pathway.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90 , Fatores de Transcrição de Choque Térmico , Hipocampo , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Animais , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/antagonistas & inibidores , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/patologia , Camundongos , Fatores de Transcrição de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Cognição/fisiologia , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Masculino , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/metabolismoRESUMO
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an emerging drug target to treat oncological and non-oncological conditions. Since highly selective HDAC6 inhibitors display limited anticancer activity when used as single agent, they usually require combination therapies with other chemotherapeutics. In this work, we synthesized a mini library of analogues of the preferential HDAC6 inhibitor HPOB in only two steps via an Ugi four-component reaction as the key step. Biochemical HDAC inhibition and cell viability assays led to the identification of 1g (highest antileukemic activity) and 2b (highest HDAC6 inhibition) as hit compounds. In subsequent combination screens, both 1g and especially 2b showed synergy with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our findings highlight the potential of combining HDAC6 inhibitors with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as a strategy to improve AML treatment outcomes.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Decitabina , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Decitabina/farmacologia , Decitabina/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Peptoides/química , Peptoides/farmacologia , Peptoides/síntese química , Aminopiridinas , BenzamidasRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pneumonia has become an increasingly important public health problem. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications are critical in the host immune defence against pathogen infection. In this study, we found that S. aureus infection induces the expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, by using a S. aureus pneumonia mouse model, we showed that the HDAC6 inhibitor, tubastatin A, demonstrates a protective effect in S. aureus pneumonia, decreasing the mortality and destruction of lung architecture, reducing the bacterial burden in the lungs and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Mechanistic studies in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages demonstrated that the HDAC6 inhibitors, tubastatin A and tubacin, reduced the intracellular bacterial load by promoting bacterial clearance rather than regulating phagocytosis. Finally, N-acetyl-L- cysteine, a widely used reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, antagonized ROS production and significantly inhibited tubastatin A-induced S. aureus clearance. These findings demonstrate that HDAC6 inhibitors promote the bactericidal activity of macrophages by inducing ROS, an important host factor for S. aureus clearance and production. Our study identified HDAC6 as a suitable epigenetic modification target for preventing S. aureus infection, and tubastatin A as a useful compound in treating S. aureus pneumonia.
Assuntos
Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Macrófagos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Staphylococcus aureus , Animais , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Pneumonia Estafilocócica/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Estafilocócica/microbiologia , Pneumonia Estafilocócica/metabolismo , Indóis/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologiaRESUMO
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), as the key regulatory enzyme, plays an important role in the development of the nervous system. More and more studies indicate that HDAC6 has become a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Herein we designed and synthesized a series of novel HDAC6 inhibitors with benzothiadiazinyl systems as cap groups and evaluated their activity in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound 3 exhibited superior selective inhibitory activity against HDAC6 (IC50 = 5.1 nM, about 30-fold selectivity over HDAC1). The results of docking showed that compound 3 can interact well with the key amino acid residues of HDAC6. Compound 3 showed lower cytotoxicity (20 µM to SH-SY5Y cells, inhibition rate = 25.75%) and better neuroprotective activity against L-glutamate-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury model in vitro. Meanwhile, compound 3 exhibited weak cardiotoxicity (10 µM hERG inhibition rate = 17.35%) and possess good druggability properties. Especially, compound 3 could significantly reduce cerebral infarction from 49.87% to 32.18%, and similar with butylphthalide in MCAO model, indicating potential clinical application prospects for alleviating ischemic stroke-induced brain infarction.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Humanos , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/síntese química , Animais , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Masculino , Camundongos , Sítios de Ligação , RatosRESUMO
Proteasomes degrade intracellular proteins to generate antigenic peptides that are recognized by the adaptive immune system and promote anticancer immunity. However, tumors subvert the antigen presentation machinery to escape immunosurveillance. We hypothesized that proteasome activation could concomitantly increase antigen abundance and diversity in multiple myeloma cells. High-throughput screens revealed that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors activated proteasomes to unmask neoantigens and amplify the tumor-specific antigenic landscape. Treatment of patient CD138+ cells with HDAC6 inhibitors significantly promoted the antimyeloma activity of autologous CD8+ T cells. Pharmacologic blockade and genetic ablation of the HDAC6 ubiquitin-binding domain released HR23B, which shuttles ubiquitinylated cargo to proteasomes, while silencing HDAC6 or HR23B in multiple myeloma cells abolished the effect of HDAC6 inhibitors on proteasomes, antigen presentation, and T-cell cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results demonstrate the paradigm-shifting translational impact of proteasome activators to expand the myeloma immunopeptidome and have revealed novel, actionable antigenic targets for T cell-directed immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: The elimination of therapy-resistant tumor cells remains a major challenge in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Our study identifies and functionally validates agents that amplify MHC class I-presented antigens and pave the way for the development of proteasome activators as immune adjuvants to enhance immunotherapeutic responses in patients with multiple myeloma.
Assuntos
Desacetilase 6 de Histona , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Mieloma Múltiplo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma , Humanos , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/imunologia , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Mieloma Múltiplo/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Apresentação de Antígeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMO
Despite recent FDA approvals, Alzheimer's disease (AD) still represents an unmet medical need. Among the different available therapeutic approaches, the development of multitarget molecules represents one of the most widely pursued. In this work, we present a second generation of dual ligands directed toward highly networked targets that are deeply involved in the development of the disease, namely, Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3ß (GSK-3ß). The synthesized compounds are highly potent GSK-3ß, HDAC2, and HDAC6 inhibitors with IC50 values in the nanomolar range of concentrations. Among them, compound 4 inhibits histone H3 and tubulin acetylation at 0.1 µM concentration, blocks hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and shows interesting immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties. These features, together with its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and its favorable physical-chemical properties, make compound 4 a promising hit for the development of innovative disease-modifying agents.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Humanos , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Animais , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetilação , Histona Desacetilase 2/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilase 2/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Epidural fibrosis (EF) is a chronic, progressive and severe disease. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) regulates biological signals and cell activities by deacetylating lysine residues and participates in TGF-ß-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nevertheless, the effect and mechanism of HDAC6 in EF remain unclear. To investigate the effect and mechanism of HDAC6 inhibition on repressing epidural fibrosis. HDAC6 expression and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in normal human tissue and human EF tissue were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Human fibroblasts were treated with TGF-ß ± HDAC6 inhibitors (Tubastatin) and fibrotic markers including collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA and fibronectin were assessed using western blotting. Then TGFß1 receptor (TGFß1-R), PI3K and Akt were analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Rats were undergone laminectomy± Tubastatin (intraperitoneally injection; daily for 7 days) and epidural scar extracellular matrix (ECM) expression was gauged using immunoblots. Increasing HDAC6 expression was associated with α-SMA enrichment. Tubastatin remarkably restrained TGF-ß-induced level of collagen and ECM deposition in human fibroblasts, and the discovery was accompanied by decreased PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, Tubastatin also inhibited TGF-ß-mediated HIF-1α and VEGF expression. In the epidural fibrosis model, we found that Tubastatin weakened scar hyperplasia and collagen deposition, and effectively inhibited the process of epidural fibrosis. These results indicated that Tubastatin inhibited HDAC6 expression and decreased TGF-ß/ PI3K/ Akt pathway that promotes collagen and ECM deposition and VEGF release, leading reduction of myofibroblast activation. Hence, Tubastatin ameliorated epidural fibrosis development.