Características de la enfermedad cerebrovascular extracraneal en el municipio de arroyo naranjo / Characteristics of the extra-cranial cerebrovascular disease in Arroyo Naranjo municipality

Introducción: La enfermedad cerebrovascular extracraneal en Cuba está subdiagnosticada, de ahí que se desconoce su prevalencia en población general. Objetivo: Determinar las características de la enfermedad cerebrovascular extracraneal en el municipio de Arroyo Naranjo. Métodos: Se realizó estudio descriptivo en las 26 personas diagnosticadas con enfermedad carotidea de una muestra de 200 individuos obtenida por método aleatorio simple de los 208 554 residentes del municipio Arroyo Naranjo. La enfermedad se confirmó por eco-doppler carotideo. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, porcentaje de estenosis, localización, tipo de placa, factores de riesgo y grosor íntima-media carotideo. Resultados: La prevalencia de la enfermedad fue de 12,5 x 100 000 habitantes, mayor en las mujeres (10,1) y en los mayores de 60 años (9,1). Se confirmó el diagnóstico en el 80,8 por ciento de las personas y más del 45 por ciento mostró estenosis no significativa en ambas carótidas. Predominaron las placas heterogénea (46,2 por ciento) localizadas fundamentalmente en: bifurcación carotidea y bulbo. El tabaquismo (80,8 por ciento), la hipertensión arterial (73,1 por ciento), y la enfermedad arterial periférica (65,1 por ciento) fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes; el 69,2 por ciento presentaba más de tres factores. Más del 75 por ciento de los mayores de 60 años, independiente del sexo, tenían valores patológicos del grosor íntima-media carotideo. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular extracraneal en el municipio es elevada. Alta incidencia de factores de riesgo. El diagnóstico precoz de dicha enfermedad en un alto porcentaje permitió remitir a sus áreas de salud a aquellas personas que requerían de un tratamiento oportuno(AU)

Introduction: Extracranial cerebrovascular disease is a problem of health internationally, in Cuba it is sub-diagnostician without knowing its prevalence in the general population. Objective: To determine the characteristics of the extracranial cerebrovascular disease in the Arroyo Naranjo municipality. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted in 26 people diagnosed with carotid disease of a sample of 200 people obtained by a simple random method of the 208 554 residents of the municipality of Arroyo Naranjo. The disease was confirmed by carotid doppler ultrasound. The variables were: age, sex, percent stenosis, location, type of plate, risk factors and thickness intima-media carotid. Results: The prevalence of the disease was 12,5 x 100 000 inhabitants, higher in women (10,1) and older adults (9,1). The diagnosis was confirmed in 80,8 percent of people, where more than 45 percent showed a non-significant stenosis in both carotid. The types of plates were the heterogeneous (46,2 percent) and the echogenic (38,6 percent), located in: carotid bifurcation, bulb, and internal carotid. Smoking (80,8 percent), hypertension (73,1 percent), and peripheral arterial disease (65,1 percent) were the most frequent risk factors, noting that 69,2 percent had more than three factors. More of the 75 percent of those older than 60 years, independent of sex, showed pathological values of the thickness intima-media carotid. Conclusions: The prevalence of the extracranial cerebrovascular disease in the municipality is high; and too the incidence of the risk factors. Early diagnosis of the disease in a high percentage allowed referring to their areas of health to those persons requiring prompt treatment(AU)

Education and the association between vascular risk factors and cognitive function: a cross-sectional study in older Koreans with cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The association between hypertension, diabetes, and worse cognitive function has been reported to be stronger in groups with low levels of education. Using data from a cross-sectional community survey of Korean elders, we sought to investigate this within a sample with relative cognitive impairment. METHODS: The sample consisted of 341 participants with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Korean version) scores of 24/30 or below. Previous diagnoses were ascertained and participants were examined for resting blood pressure and nonfasting blood glucose and cholesterol. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, occupation, physical dependence, and cholesterol levels, worse cognitive function (MMSE score <21) within the sample was associated with raised systolic blood pressure, raised glucose levels, and a previous diagnosis of diabetes. These associations were significant only in participants with no formal education. In this group the adjusted odds ratios for worse cognitive function were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.34) for each 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure and 3.47 (1.14-10.6) for a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Odds ratios for the group with previous education were 0.99 (0.81-1.21) and 1.82 (0.48-6.92), respectively. CONCLUSION: The association between risk factors for cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment appears to be particularly strong in people with lower educational attainment.