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2.
Viruses ; 16(5)2024 05 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38793603

RESUMO

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause USD 1.5-2 billion in losses annually. Maternal BVDV after 150 days of gestation causes transient fetal infection (TI) in which the fetal immune response clears the virus. The impact of fetal TI BVDV infections on postnatal growth and white blood cell (WBC) methylome as an index of epigenetic modifications was examined by inoculating pregnant heifers with noncytopathic type 2 BVDV or media (sham-inoculated controls) on Day 175 of gestation to generate TI (n = 11) and control heifer calves (n = 12). Fetal infection in TI calves was confirmed by virus-neutralizing antibody titers at birth and control calves were seronegative. Both control and TI calves were negative for BVDV RNA in WBCs by RT-PCR. The mean weight of the TI calves was less than that of the controls (p < 0.05). DNA methyl seq analysis of WBC DNA demonstrated 2349 differentially methylated cytosines (p ≤ 0.05) including 1277 hypomethylated cytosines, 1072 hypermethylated cytosines, 84 differentially methylated regions based on CpGs in promoters, and 89 DMRs in islands of TI WBC DNA compared to controls. Fetal BVDV infection during late gestation resulted in epigenomic modifications predicted to affect fetal development and immune pathways, suggesting potential consequences for postnatal growth and health of TI cattle.


Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Metilação de DNA , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Epigênese Genética , Leucócitos , Animais , Bovinos , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/genética , Feminino , Gravidez , Leucócitos/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/genética , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Doenças Fetais/veterinária , Doenças Fetais/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 2/genética , Feto/virologia
3.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 11422, 2024 05 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38763951

RESUMO

Our center has observed a substantial increase in the detection rate of fetal left-right(LR) asymmetry disorders between March and May 2023. This finding has raised concerns because these pregnant women experienced the peak outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in China during their first trimester. To explore the relationship between maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and fetal LR asymmetry disorders. A retrospective collection of clinical and ultrasound data diagnosed as fetal LR asymmetry disorders was conducted from January 2018 to December 2023. The case-control study involved fetuses with LR asymmetry disorders and normal fetuses in a 1:1 ratio. We evaluated and compared the clinical and fetal ultrasound findings in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection and pregnant women without infection. The Student t-test was utilized to compare continuous variables, while the chi-squared test was employed for univariable analyses. The incidence rate of LR asymmetry disorders from 2018 to 2023 was as follows: 0.17‰, 0.63‰, 0.61‰, 0.57‰, 0.59‰, and 3.24‰, respectively. A total of 30 fetuses with LR asymmetry disorders and 30 normal fetuses were included. This case-control study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection (96.67% vs 3.33%, P = .026) and infection during the first trimester (96.55% vs 3.45%, P = .008) were identified as risk factors. The odds ratio values were 10.545 (95% CI 1.227, 90.662) and 13.067 (95% CI 1.467, 116.419) respectively. In cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first trimester, the majority of infections (88.1%, 37/42) occurred between 5 and 6 weeks of gestation. We found that 43.7% (66/151) of fetuses with LR asymmetry disorder had associated malformations, 90.9% (60/66) exhibited cardiac malformations. SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first trimester significantly increases the risk of fetal LR asymmetry disorders, particularly when the infection occurs between 5 and 6 gestation weeks. The most common associated malformation is heart malformation.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , China/epidemiologia , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Fatores de Risco , Feto/virologia , Doenças Fetais/epidemiologia , Doenças Fetais/virologia
5.
Reprod Sci ; 31(6): 1533-1540, 2024 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38388923

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal serological status and fetal sonographic findings of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This is a retrospective study performed at Perinatology Department of Istanbul Basaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital. A computerized search was conducted to identify cases who underwent prenatal diagnosis of fetal CMV infection between September 2020 and December 2023. We identified nine cases with fetal CMV infection. The clinical data of the patients, gestational age at the time of diagnosis, serological, sonographic findings, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. A computer search of the database was made for the seroprevalance of CMV-IgM and CMV-IgG in our population. The CMV-IgM and IgG results of the 1235 patients who underwent CMV screening in the first trimester between September 2020 and December 2023 were evaluated. Fetal CMV infection was identified in nine patients. None of the 9 cases showed maternal CMV-IgM positivity. Seven of the 9 patients showed high IgG avidity index. Pregnant population had 98 % positivity for CMV-IgG. The evaluation of serologic tests for CMV is not straightforward in the second and third trimester. IgM and IgG avidity should be interpreted with caution in the second and third trimester. In the presence of ultrasound findings suggesting fetal CMV infection and CMV-IgG positivity, invasive diagnostic tests rather than serological test should be discussed with the patient, and non-primary infections should always be considered to minimize overlooked fetal cytomegalovirus infections and missed antiviral treatment opportunity.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Citomegalovirus , Imunoglobulina M , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Humanos , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Feminino , Gravidez , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/sangue , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Doenças Fetais/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Doenças Fetais/sangue
6.
Viruses ; 14(2)2022 02 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35215904

RESUMO

The aim of the report was to present the circulation of BVDV (bovine viral diarrhea virus) in the cattle population and determine the cause of the failure of vaccination failure leading to the birth of the PI (persistently infected) calf. The case study was carried out at the BVDV-free animal breeding center and cattle farm, where the vaccination program against BVDV was implemented in 2012, and each newly introduced animal was serologically and virologically tested for BVDV. In this case, a blood sample was taken from a 9-month-old breeding bull. Positive RT-PCR and negative ELISA serology results were obtained. The tests were repeated at 2-week intervals, and the results confirmed the presence of the virus and the absence of specific antibodies, i.e., persistent infection. Additionally, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed, and the BVDV-1d subgenotype was detected. The results of this study showed that pregnant heifers and cows that are vaccinated multiple times with the killed vaccine containing BVDV-1a may not be fully protected against infection with other subgenotypes of BVDV, including their fetuses, which can become PI calves.


Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/sangue , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/embriologia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Bovinos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/classificação , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Masculino , Infecção Persistente/sangue , Infecção Persistente/virologia , Filogenia , Gravidez , Vacinação , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/genética , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/genética
7.
Nat Rev Microbiol ; 20(2): 67-82, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34433930

RESUMO

Infections are a major threat to human reproductive health, and infections in pregnancy can cause prematurity or stillbirth, or can be vertically transmitted to the fetus leading to congenital infection and severe disease. The acronym 'TORCH' (Toxoplasma gondii, other, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus) refers to pathogens directly associated with the development of congenital disease and includes diverse bacteria, viruses and parasites. The placenta restricts vertical transmission during pregnancy and has evolved robust mechanisms of microbial defence. However, microorganisms that cause congenital disease have likely evolved diverse mechanisms to bypass these defences. In this Review, we discuss how TORCH pathogens access the intra-amniotic space and overcome the placental defences that protect against microbial vertical transmission.


Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/etiologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/congênito , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/patologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/transmissão , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/microbiologia , Doenças Fetais/parasitologia , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Herpes Simples/congênito , Herpes Simples/patologia , Herpes Simples/transmissão , Humanos , Placenta/microbiologia , Placenta/virologia , Gravidez , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/congênito , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/patologia , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/transmissão , Toxoplasma/patogenicidade , Toxoplasmose Congênita/patologia
8.
Ann Clin Lab Sci ; 51(4): 570-572, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34452898

RESUMO

COVID-19 has affected patients of all ages and demographics, not excluding pregnant women. The effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women are still largely unknown. Several adverse perinatal outcomes have been reported in COVID-19-positive pregnant women, including pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, pre-term labor, and stillbirth. Histopathological examination of COVID-19 placentas can contribute significant data regarding maternal and fetal health and can elucidate more findings in this novel disease. A 23-year-old female with morbid obesity and scant antenatal care presented to the emergency department complaining of shortness of breath and fever; she was found to be positive for COVID-19. Grossly, her placenta showed no abnormalities. Histological examination of her placenta showed chronic lymphoplasmacytic deciduitis, villous fibrosis, loss of capillarization, extravasation of erythrocytes, chorangiosis, and thrombosis of upstream stem vessels, including large fetal vessels on the chorionic plate. These changes were deemed to be consistent with fetal thrombotic vasculopathy (FTV). In conclusion, this case of FTV in the placenta of a patient with COVID-19 is a significant finding, as it can be critical to clinicians in the management of prenatal care for expecting mothers during this pandemic.This case was presented at the annual meeting of the Association of Clinical Scientists (ACS) on May 13, 2021.


Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Doenças Fetais/patologia , Feto/patologia , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Placenta/patologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Trombose/patologia , Adulto , COVID-19/transmissão , COVID-19/virologia , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Feto/virologia , Humanos , Placenta/virologia , Doenças Placentárias/virologia , Gravidez , Prognóstico , Trombose/virologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol ; 60(4): 621-627, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34247798

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the characteristics and serology of pregnant women with cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin (Ig)G seroconversion during pregnancy to understand the risk factors associated with primary CMV infection and the occurrence of fetal congenital CMV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 3202 pregnant women who were CMV IgG-negative in early pregnancy and were retested for IgG in late pregnancy. Characteristics were compared between participants with and without IgG seroconversion, and serological parameters were compared between participants with and without fetal congenital CMV infection. RESULTS: Twenty-six participants showed CMV IgG seroconversion and fifteen showed fetal congenital CMV infection. Seroconversion rates were significantly higher in teens (5.0%) than in older women (20s: 0.8%; 30s and over: 0.6%) (p < 0.001). Titers of CMV IgM at IgG seroconversion were higher in women without (median 8.66) than with (median 6.54) congenital infection (p = 0.045). The congenital infection rate was high when IgM titers at IgG seroconversion were low (47.1% with 4.00-12.00 titers and 100% with 1.21-3.99 IgM titers) (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Nulliparous pregnant teenagers have a high risk of CMV IgG seroconversion and the CMV IgM titer at IgG seroconversion may help predict the occurrence of fetal congenital CMV infection.


Assuntos
Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/sangue , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Adulto , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/embriologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/transmissão , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/imunologia , Japão , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Soroconversão
10.
Placenta ; 111: 91-96, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34217121

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mainly transmitted by droplets and close contact, has caused a pandemic worldwide as of March 2020. According to the current case reports and cohort studies, the symptoms of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were similar to normal adults and may cause a series of adverse consequences of pregnancy (placental abruption, fetal distress, epilepsy during pregnancy, etc.). However, whether SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted to the fetus through the placental barrier is still a focus of debate. METHODS: In this study, in order to find out whether SARS-CoV-2 can infect fetus through the placental barrier, we performed qualitative detection of virus structural protein (spike protein and nucleoprotein) and targeted receptor protein Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), Basigin (CD147) and molecular chaperone GRP78 expression on the placental tissue of seven pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 through immunohistochemistry. Amniotic fluid, neonatal throat, anal swab and breastmilk samples were collected immediately in the operating room or delivery room for verification after delivery, which were all tested for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS/DISCUSSION: The result showed that CD147 was expressed on the basal side of the chorionic trophoblast cell membrane and ACE2 was expressed on the maternal side, while GRP78 was strongly expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The RT-PCR results of Amniotic fluid, neonatal throat, anal swab and breastmilk samples were all negative. On the basis of these findings, we speculated that it may be due to the placental barrier between mother and baby, for example, villous matrix and interstitial blood vessels have low expression of virus-related receptors (ACE2, CD147, GRP78), the probability of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the placenta is low.


Assuntos
COVID-19/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Placenta/virologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Líquido Amniótico/virologia , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/análise , Basigina/análise , Teste para COVID-19 , China , Chaperona BiP do Retículo Endoplasmático , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/análise , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Nucleoproteínas/análise , Placenta/química , Gravidez , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/análise
11.
PLoS One ; 16(6): e0252309, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34170911

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Maternal Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the first trimester (T1) of pregnancy is a public health concern, as it increases the risk of severe neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with congenital infection compared to infections occurring later during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: To determine CMV seroprevalence in T1 of pregnancy, its trend, risk factors and the incidence rate of primary infection during pregnancy. METHODS: Using the biobank of the prospective cohort "Grossesse en Santé de Québec" collected between April 2005 and March 2010 at the Québec-Laval Hospital, Québec, Canada, maternal CMV serology was determined using Abbott Architect Chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassays for immunoglobulin G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM) titration and IgG avidity testing. Changepoint detection analysis was used to assess temporal trends. Risk factors associated with seropositivity were determined by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: CMV seroprevalence in T1 of pregnancy was 23.4% (965/4111, 95% CI, 22.1-24.7%). The incidence rate for CMV primary infection during pregnancy was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.6) per 100 person-years. No changepoint was identified in the maternal CMV-seroprevalence trend. Multivariable analyses showed that T1 maternal CMV seropositivity was associated with having one child OR 1.3 (95% CI, 1.10-1.73) or two or more children OR 1.5 (95%CI, 1.1-2.1), ethnicity other than Caucasian OR 2.1 (95% CI, 1.1-3.8) and country of birth other than Canada and the USA OR 2.8 (95% CI, 1.5-4.9). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, maternal seroprevalence in T1 of pregnancy and seroconversion rate were low. This information and identified risk factors could help guide the development and implementation of preventive actions and evidence-based health policies to prevent CMV infection during pregnancy.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus/etiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/etiologia , Doenças Fetais/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Masculino , Parto/imunologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez/imunologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Quebeque , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto Jovem
12.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol ; 58(4): 576-581, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33998084

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) maternal primary infection (MPI) in early pregnancy is the main risk factor for congenital CMV (cCMV) infection with long-term sequelae. Our aim was to evaluate, in a single center offering CMV serology screening at 11-14 gestational weeks, secondary prevention of cCMV by administration of high-dosage maternal oral valacyclovir (VACV) in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: This was a case-control study in a longitudinal cohort of pregnancies with CMV-MPI diagnosed prior to 14 weeks of gestation by serology screening (immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG measurement and IgG avidity) between 2009 and 2020. From October 2019 onwards, all women presenting at our center with MPI before 14 weeks' gestation were offered treatment with high-dosage oral VACV (8 g/day, 4 g twice/day). We used propensity score matching to compare fetal infection rates in cases treated with maternal oral VACV (8 g/day) with those in untreated controls. Fetal infection was assessed following amniocentesis at 17-22 weeks of gestation, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of amniotic fluid for viral DNA. RESULTS: Of 310 cases of CMV-MPI identified, 269 underwent amniocentesis for PCR. Of these, 66 were offered, and 65 accepted, treatment with VACV. From the remaining untreated cases, we selected 65 controls, matched for proportion of periconceptional infections and gestational age at amniocentesis. VACV was initiated at a median gestational age of 12.71 (interquartile range (IQR), 10.00-13.86) weeks and the median duration of treatment was 35 (IQR, 26-54) days. On multivariate logistic regression, fetal infection was lower in the treated group (odds ratio, 0.318 (95% CI, 0.120-0.841); P = 0.021). One treated patient developed acute renal failure 4 weeks after initiation of VACV therapy, but this resolved within 5 days after treatment was stopped. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the acceptability, tolerance and benefit of secondary prevention by VACV of cCMV infection in a clinical setting with a well-established routine maternal serum screening policy in the first trimester of pregnancy. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Valaciclovir/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Amniocentese , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Citomegalovirus , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/prevenção & controle , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Testes para Triagem do Soro Materno , Razão de Chances , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Pontuação de Propensão , Prevenção Secundária , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
PLoS One ; 16(2): e0246643, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33606729

RESUMO

The occurrence of fetal and neonatal disorders in pregnant women with Zika virus infection in the literature is not consistent. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rate of these disorders in fetuses/neonates of pregnant women with confirmed or probable infection by Zika virus. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in November 2020. Cohort studies that contained primary data on the prevalence of unfavorable outcomes in fetuses or neonates of women with confirmed or probable Zika virus infection during pregnancy were included. A total of 21 cohort studies were included, with a total of 35,568 pregnant women. The meta-analysis showed that central nervous system abnormalities had the highest prevalence ratio of 0.06 (95% CI 0.03-0.09). Intracranial calcifications had a prevalence ratio of 0.01 (95% CI 0.01-0.02), and ventriculomegaly 0.01 (95% CI 0.01-0.02). The prevalence ratio of microcephaly was 0.03 (95% CI 0.02-0.05), fetal loss (miscarriage and stillbirth) was 0.04 (95% CI 0.02-0.06), Small for Gestational Age was 0.04 (95% CI 0.00-0,09), Low Birth Weight was 0.05 (95% CI 0.03-0.08) and Prematurity was 0.07 (95% CI 0.04-0.10). The positivity in RT-PCR for ZIKV performed in neonates born to infected mothers during pregnancy was 0.25 (95% CI 0.06-0.44). We also performed the meta-analysis of meta-analysis for microcephaly with the prevalence ratios from other two previously systematic reviews: 0.03 (95% CI 0.00-0.25). Our results contribute to measuring the impact of Zika virus infection during pregnancy on children's health. The continuous knowledge of this magnitude is essential for the implementation development of health initiatives and programs, in addition to promoting disease prevention, especially in the development of a vaccine for Zika virus. PROSPERO protocol registration: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019125543.


Assuntos
Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Aborto Espontâneo/virologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/epidemiologia , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Feto/virologia , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/virologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Microcefalia/epidemiologia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/virologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/mortalidade , Resultado da Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Prevalência , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação , Infecção por Zika virus/mortalidade
14.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 15(1): e0008893, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33395421

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes of Zika virus infection by the timing of infection during pregnancy. Method: Cohort study of 190 pregnancies with 193 offspring with a positive RT-PCR test for Zika virus (March/2016 to April/2017). RESULTS: Death or defects related to congenital Zika virus infection were identified in 37.3% of fetuses and newborns, and microcephaly in 21.4% of the newborns. The proportion of small for gestational age newborns was 21.9%. Maternal symptoms in the first trimester were significantly associated with the birth of newborns with microcephaly/cerebral atrophy, small for gestational age and with the deaths (one abortion, one stillbirth and the two neonatal deaths). Maternal infection during the second trimester was further associated with asymptomatic newborns at birth. The study showed that 58.5% of the offspring with microcephaly and / or cortical atrophy were small for gestational age, with an evident decrease in symptomatic offspring without microcephaly, 24.1%, and with only 9.1% in the asymptomatic group. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the earlier the symptoms appear during gestation, the more severe the endpoints. We found a higher percentage of small for gestational age newborns exposed to Zika virus early in gestation. We also found a group of apparently asymptomatic newborns with proven Zika infection, which highlights the importance of follow up studies in this population.


Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/patologia , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/patologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Infecção por Zika virus/patologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Feto , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/diagnóstico , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/virologia , Microcefalia/virologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Zika virus , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia
15.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 2698, 2021 01 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33514824

RESUMO

During the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil (2015-2016), the clinical manifestations associated with its infection were complex and included miscarriage and congenital malformations, not previously described. In this study, we evaluated the prenatal conditions of pregnant female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) infected during different gestational thirds (GTs) and assessed all clinical aspects, diagnostic imaging, viremia and the immune response. In our study, 75% of the infected animals in the 1st GT group had significant clinical manifestations, such as miscarriage and prolonged viremia associated with a late immune response. Consequently, their neonates showed fetal neuropathology, such as cerebral hemorrhage, lissencephaly or malformations of the brain grooves, ventriculomegaly, and craniofacial malformations. Thus, our study demonstrated the relevance of pregnant squirrel monkeys as a model for the study of ZIKV infection in neonates due to the broad clinical manifestations presented, including the typical congenital Zika syndrome manifestations described in humans.


Assuntos
Doenças Fetais , Microcefalia , Doenças dos Macacos , Saimiri/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus/metabolismo , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/epidemiologia , Doenças Fetais/metabolismo , Doenças Fetais/veterinária , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Microcefalia/embriologia , Microcefalia/metabolismo , Microcefalia/virologia , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/metabolismo , Doenças dos Macacos/virologia , Gravidez , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/metabolismo , Infecção por Zika virus/veterinária
16.
Science ; 371(6526): 271-276, 2021 01 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33446553

RESUMO

Type I interferon (IFN) signaling in fetal tissues causes developmental abnormalities and fetal demise. Although pathogens that infect fetal tissues can induce birth defects through the local production of type I IFN, it remains unknown why systemic IFN generated during maternal infections only rarely causes fetal developmental defects. Here, we report that activation of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) during pregnancy is both necessary and sufficient to suppress IFN signaling and does so disproportionately in reproductive and fetal tissues. Inactivation of GPER1 in mice halted fetal development and promoted fetal demise, but only in the context of maternal inflammation. Thus, GPER1 is a central regulator of IFN signaling during pregnancy that allows dynamic antiviral responses in maternal tissues while also preserving fetal health.


Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Troca Materno-Fetal/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Animais , Benzodioxóis/farmacologia , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Feto/imunologia , Feto/virologia , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Placenta/imunologia , Placenta/virologia , Gravidez , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Receptores de Estrogênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inibidores
17.
Pediatrics ; 147(4)2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33122348

RESUMO

Amid the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, uncertainty exists about the potential for vertical transmission from mothers infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to the fetus in utero. In this case report, we aim to demonstrate the occurrence of a fetal inflammatory response syndrome associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection resulting in neonatal morbidity. In this report we describe an infant of a SARS-CoV-2-positive mother born prematurely with late-onset fever, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of inflammatory markers, all of which are consistent with a systemic inflammatory response. The neonate was tested for SARS-CoV-2 by using 2 nasopharyngeal swabs 24 hours apart, and results of both were negative. The result of a full workup for additional infectious pathogens was also negative. Although initially in critical condition in the perinatal period, the infant recovered completely before discharge. We hypothesize that this systemic inflammation occurred in response to maternal viral infection in the absence of vertical transmission of the virus. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, it will be important to consider the virus as a nidus for a fetal inflammatory response syndrome and resulting morbidity, even in the setting of a negative SARS-CoV-2 testing result in the infant.


Assuntos
COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/transmissão , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/virologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez
18.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 68(2): 417-426, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32564510

RESUMO

This study was carried out to investigate the frequency and genetic diversity of pestiviruses in abortion cases in cattle and small ruminants in Turkey. During January 2012 and December 2017, a total of 2029 aborted foetuses (553 bovine foetuses, 1,388 sheep foetuses and 88 goat foetuses) were collected from different regions of Turkey. Real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR) assays were used to detect pestiviral RNA in aborted foetuses. To confirm the cause of abortion, pestivirus-positive foetuses were also examined for the presence of Brucella spp., Campylobacter spp., Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus), akabane virus, bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus by molecular detection methods. Pestiviral RNA was detected in 61 (11%) of the 553 bovine foetuses, 124 (8.9%) of the 1,388 sheep foetuses and 3 (3.4%) of the 88 goat foetuses. Furthermore, C. abortus DNA was detected in 3 pestivirus-positive sheep foetuses, whereas other infectious agents were not detected in pestivirus-positive foetuses. Genetic characterization of the pestivirus RRT-PCR positive samples was conducted by sequencing 5' untranslated (5' UTR) and non-structural autoprotease (Npro ) genomic regions. A total of 68 sequences were obtained, and phylogenetic analyses revealed that all sequences belonged to BVDV-1, including 1b (8/68), 1f (2/68), 1l (4/68), 1r (10/68), Aydin-like pestivirus (20/68) and one unknown genotype (24/68). The 5' UTR and Npro sequences of this unknown genotype differed from pestiviruses previously described, providing evidence for the presence of an emerging genotype within the species Pestivirus I, tentatively named as 'Konya-like' pestivirus. 'Konya-like' pestivirus was the dominant genotype in sheep foetuses, whereas Aydin-like pestivirus was found to be the predominant genotype in bovine foetuses. To the best my knowledge, this is the first report of Aydin-like pestivirus infection in cattle. The information provided in this study contributes to the understanding the dissemination and evolution of pestiviruses and could be beneficial for developing more effective vaccines.


Assuntos
Aborto Animal/virologia , Doenças Fetais/veterinária , Genoma Viral , Infecções por Pestivirus/veterinária , Pestivirus/classificação , Pestivirus/genética , Regiões 5' não Traduzidas , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Feto/virologia , Genômica , Genótipo , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Cabras , Pestivirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Pestivirus/virologia , Filogenia , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia , Turquia
19.
Aging (Albany NY) ; 12(20): 19880-19897, 2020 10 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33104520

RESUMO

Morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is age-dependent. It remains unclear whether vertical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs during pregnancy and how such infection will affect fetal development. Here, we performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of placenta and other tissues from fetuses in comparison with those from adults using public-available datasets. Our analysis revealed that a very small proportion of trophoblast cells expressed the Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene, suggesting a low possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus during pregnancy. We found that the fetal adrenal gland, heart, kidney and stomach were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, because these organs contained cell clusters that expressed high levels of the ACE2 gene. In particular, a higher proportion of ACE2-expressing cell clusters in the adrenal gland and kidney also expressed the Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) gene compared with other organs. Surprisingly, ACE2-expressing type II alveolar (AT2) equivalent cells were absent in fetal lungs. This is in sharp contrast to adult lungs. As ACE2 expression is regulated by various conditions, including oxygen concentration, inflammation and smoking, caution is warranted to avoid triggering potential ACE2 expression in fetal and placental tissue.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Feto/metabolismo , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , Betacoronavirus/metabolismo , COVID-19 , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Humanos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Pandemias , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Análise de Célula Única
20.
Placenta ; 99: 45-49, 2020 09 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32755724

RESUMO

Vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and possible induction of pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, fetal malformations, fetal growth restriction and/or stillbirth, are serious concerns for pregnant individuals with COVID-19. According to clinical information, the incidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is limited to date. However, even if a neonate tests negative for SARS-CoV-2, frequent abnormal findings, including fetal and maternal vascular malperfusion, have been reported in cases of COVID-19-positive mothers. Primary receptor of SARS-CoV-2 is estimated as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It is highly expressed in maternal-fetal interface cells, such as syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, endothelial cells, and the vascular smooth muscle cells of primary and secondary villi. However other route of transplacental infection cannot be ruled out. Pathological examinations have demonstrated that syncytiotrophoblasts are often infected with SARS-CoV-2, but fetuses are not always infected. These findings suggest the presence of a placental barrier, even if it is not completely effective. As the frequency and molecular mechanisms of intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been determined to date, intensive clinical examinations by repeated ultrasound and fetal heart rate monitoring are strongly recommended for pregnant women infected with COVID-19. In addition, careful investigation of placental samples after delivery by both morphological and molecular methods is also strongly recommended.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Placenta , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , Antígenos Virais/análise , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/epidemiologia , Doenças Fetais/virologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Troca Materno-Fetal , Pandemias , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/análise , Placenta/irrigação sanguínea , Placenta/enzimologia , Placenta/virologia , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Trofoblastos/virologia
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