RESUMO
This article presents a checklist of metazoan parasites of snakes from Argentina, along with a comprehensive review of the relevant literature published between 1922 and June 2023, covering various aspects of interest. We compiled 34 species of metazoan endoparasites from 28 studies. The subclass Digenea showed the highest number of species (n = 22 species), followed by the phylum Nematoda (n = 8 species), and the subclass Pentastomida (n = 3 species and 1 taxa inquirenda). Dipsadidae was the family of snakes with the most species examined for metazoan endoparasites (n = 20 species). In contrast, Viperidae had the largest number of specimens surveyed (n = 343). Of 23 provinces, 15 (65.2%) presented at least one report of metazoan endoparasites in snakes. The northeastern provinces showed the highest richness of metazoan endoparasites and host diversity. Many articles focused on taxonomy, but studies on parasite ecology were not found. Although taxonomic accuracy was high in most reports, some records were correctly deposited in zoological collections or geo-referenced. This is the first attempt to include all groups of metazoan endoparasites of snakes from Argentina in a single checklist in the last century.
Assuntos
Serpentes , Animais , Serpentes/parasitologia , Argentina , Lista de Checagem , Parasitos/classificação , Parasitos/isolamento & purificação , Nematoides/classificação , Nematoides/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , BiodiversidadeRESUMO
There is a claimed increase in the global prevalence and incidence of emerging diseases observed in many organisms. Myxozoa represents an essential group of metazoan parasites that hold both economic and ecological significance. In the current study, 1% of the fish population at two commercial goldfish (Carassius auratus) farms in Tehran and Ghom province, Iran, developed cavitating muscular lesions resembling humps in February 2021 and January 2022. Fish displaying pathological abnormalities were transported to the Ornamental Fish Clinic and subjected to clinical examination. Light microscopy was subsequently used to examine wet smears of skin and gills, as well as whitish exudate. In addition, tissue homogenates were collected for more precise identification and molecular confirmation. The study discovered that individuals from the goldfish farms were infected with the pathogenic myxozoan Myxobolus lentisuturalis, which caused significant damage to the epaxial muscles. The spores collected from the humps had a lack of uniformity and were primarily ellipsoidal in shape. Histopathological analysis also revealed parasites in various stages of development, such as plasmodia and spores, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration (macrophage, giant cell and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration) between skeletal muscle fibers. Phylogenetic analysis of M. lentisuturalis was performed by using MEGA 11 and the maximum likelihood method. M. lentisuturalis is a myxozoan parasite that has been sparsely recorded and lacks widespread recognition. The current study is the first clinical, histopathological, and molecular characterization of M. lentisuturalis isolated from the skeletal musculature of goldfish (C. auratus) in Iran.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Carpa Dourada , Myxobolus , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Filogenia , Animais , Carpa Dourada/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/patologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Myxobolus/genética , Myxobolus/classificação , AquiculturaRESUMO
Myxospores discovered floating free in the bile of marine fishes from the south-central coast of Vietnam were identified using morphological and molecular methods, leading to the description of 2 new species. Ceratomyxa chauvanminhi n. sp. was detected in 16% (8/50) of cultured barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch) specimens, and Ceratomyxa sekoi n. sp. was found in 20% (5/25) of wild largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus specimens. The spores of C. chauvanminhi n. sp. are very shallowly ovoid, slightly crescent shaped, and 11.5 ± 0.5 (10.7-12.4) µm thick, 5.8 ± 0.2 (5.4-6.1) µm long, and 5.5 ± 0.2 (5.2-5.7) µm wide. Their posterior angles are slightly concave at 158.7° ± 4.2° (151.3°-164.8°), and they possess 2 equal spherical polar capsules 2.5 ± 0.2 (2.1-2.9) µm in diameter. The spores of C. sekoi n. sp. are 5.6 ± 0.2 (5.0-6.1) µm long, 75.5 ± 4.8 (68.9-90.0) µm thick, and 5.5 ± 0.1 (5.4-5.6) µm wide, with 2 equal, slightly anterior spherical polar capsules 2.1 ± 0.2 (1.7-2.4) µm in diameter. Although C. sekoi n. sp. spores resemble those of species of MyxodavisiaZhao, Zhou, Kent, and Whipps, 2008, characterized by long tapering valves, genetic analyses distinctly place this new species within the Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 lineage. This study contributes to the understanding myxosporean diversity in Vietnamese waters and highlights the difficulty associated with distinguishing between the genera Ceratomyxa and Myxodavisia.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Vesícula Biliar , Myxozoa , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Perciformes , Filogenia , Animais , Vietnã , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Myxozoa/classificação , Myxozoa/isolamento & purificação , Myxozoa/genética , Myxozoa/anatomia & histologia , Vesícula Biliar/parasitologia , Perciformes/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/parasitologia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/veterinária , Peixes/parasitologia , Prevalência , DNA Ribossômico/química , Smegmamorpha/parasitologiaAssuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Doenças dos Cavalos , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Cavalos , Animais , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela/veterinária , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Feminino , Viroses/veterinária , Viroses/epidemiologia , Masculino , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , GravidezRESUMO
The coastal waters of Vietnam are home to a wide diversity of fishes, but the parasite diversity of these potential hosts is much less well characterized. To begin addressing this knowledge gap, we carried out surveys of myxozoan parasites in fishes collected from Nha Trang Bay in Vietnam's East Sea in 2018-2019. Mugilid fishes were collected in March-April 2018, January-February 2019, and November-December 2019, and examined for myxozoans. Myxospores consistent with those of the genus Ellipsomyxa were found in the gall bladder of four mullet species, and we thoroughly characterized those from Planiliza melinoptera. Myxospores were elliptoid and devoid of striation, with a distinct sinuous suture line. Polar capsules were pyriform and oriented toward the poles of the spore. Morphological features were compared to nominal species and this species from Vietnam was distinct. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial small subunit rDNA sequence revealed that broadly, Ellipsomyxa species split into three phylogenetic lineages, and although in some branches there are groupings by host family, habitat or locality, there are no clear phylogenetic patterns. The new species we encountered in P. melinoptera had a close sister relationship with Ellipsomyxa adlardi, with both species part of a larger subclade within the Ellipsomyxa lineage. Despite this phylogenetic similarity, these species were morphologically distinct, and partial large subunit DNA sequences were only 93% similar to each other. A combination of the morphological characteristics and molecular data suggest that this is an undescribed species and we propose the name Ellipsomyxa gordeyi n. sp.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Vesícula Biliar , Myxozoa , Filogenia , Smegmamorpha , Animais , Vietnã , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Vesícula Biliar/parasitologia , Smegmamorpha/parasitologia , Myxozoa/classificação , Myxozoa/genética , Myxozoa/anatomia & histologia , Myxozoa/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , BaíasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Our investigation focused into Labeo rohita, commonly known as Rui, a freshwater aquatic species in Bangladesh. Despite their nutritional significance, these fish faced a pressing challenge: parasite infections threaten the economic stability of the aquaculture sector. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate the parasite and histological changes in major organs of L. rohita, collected from Khulna region - Dumuria, Paikgacha and Rupsha. METHODS: About 180 (30/month) specimens were collected between the month of March and August 2023 to observe the parasitic status in L. rohita. RESULTS: Through microscopic examination, a total of 323 parasites were uncovered, spanning categories including Cestode, Nematode, Acanthocephala, Trematode and Digenia, predominantly residing in the intestines of L. rohita. The highest prevalence rate (70%) was recorded in both March and May 2023, with peak mean intensity observed in July (3.73). Notably, the highest mean abundance (2.37) exhibited in July and index of infestation (45.34) in June. Histological analysis confirmed parasitic infestations in the gastrointestinal region, with displaying histological changes within major organs such as the liver, kidney, gills, spleen and testicles due to parasitic infection. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the indentified six categories of parasite and the affect of parasitic infestation in major organs of L. rohita within the study period. Urgent efforts to implement effective strategies for controlling the parasite infections in aquaculture to ensure the sustainable production of this invaluable fish species.
Assuntos
Cyprinidae , Doenças dos Peixes , Animais , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Cyprinidae/parasitologia , Prevalência , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologiaAssuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Doenças dos Cavalos , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Cavalos , Animais , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela/veterinária , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Feminino , Viroses/veterinária , Viroses/epidemiologia , Masculino , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , GravidezRESUMO
Egyptians are becoming more interested in owning and raising pets; however, most of them lack essential awareness about the risk of zoonotic parasites that could be transmitted. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the degree of awareness Egyptian pet owners possess concerning zoonotic parasitic diseases, the risk of transmission, and preventative measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an e-survey. Among 246 pet owners, 64.2% (158) were females, and 67.9% (167) belonged to the 20-30 age group. The majority, 78.9% (194), were raising cats. Only 13.8% (34) visited the veterinarian regularly, with significantly higher results among dog owners (p < 0.05). Only 31.3% (77) participants were regularly deworming their pets, and 19.9% (49) were giving their pets prophylaxis against ectoparasites, with significantly higher results among those who visited the veterinarian regularly (p < 0.0001) and among dog owners (p < 0.05). Only 54.1% (133) had heard about the term "zoonoses" before, and about 8.9% (22) of participants showed a history of zoonotic parasitic diseases, with significantly higher results among those who allowed their animals to play with other animals of neighbors and friends (p < 0.05). The obtained results concluded that the surveyed group had a relatively good degree of knowledge regarding pets as a source of zoonotic illness; raising pet owners' awareness regarding the importance of routine medical examinations and minimizing the contact of pets with other stray animals is essential.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Animais de Estimação , Zoonoses , Animais , Egito/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/prevenção & controle , Zoonoses/parasitologia , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Gatos , Cães , Adulto Jovem , Animais de Estimação/parasitologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Doenças do Gato/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/prevenção & controle , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , AdolescenteRESUMO
Myxozoans are obligatory parasites and can be found in various organs and bloodstreams of fish, thus, the objective of this work was to describe the occurrence of Myxobolus spp. in the circulating blood of Metynnis lippincottianus from River Curiaú, Macapá City, eastern Amazon, Brazil. The samples of M. lippincottianus (11) were caught using cast net and gillnets. The fish blood was collected by puncturing the caudal vessel, using needles and syringes containing 10% of EDTA solution. Blood smear were prepared and panchromatic stained with a combination of May Grunwald-Giemsa-Wright, for observation and examination of the parasitic structures in optical microscope. Tissues from the kidney was examined using specific stereoscopic binoculars to check for the presence of cysts, lesions and parasites. The prevalence of Myxobolus spp. infecting the circulating blood of the fish was 36.36% (4/11) and 15 spores of mixosporyds were visualized. Myxobolus spp. had a prevalence of 54.55% (6/11) in host's kidney tissue and the morphometric spores data converge with observed in the blood. The morphological characteristics of the spores in the blood samples revealed two morphotypes of Myxobolus spp. This is the sixth occurrence recorded of Myxobolus spp. infecting fish blood in Brazil.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Myxobolus , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Animais , Brasil , Myxobolus/isolamento & purificação , Myxobolus/classificação , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/diagnósticoRESUMO
Wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are an important game species throughout the geographic range. Populations throughout multiple regions of the US have been declining, including in Kentucky, US, raising concerns among managers and resource users. To better understand the overall population health, we performed postmortem examinations and targeted pathogen, mineral, and toxicant testing on 36 adult male, apparently healthy, wild turkeys that were hunter harvested in western Kentucky during April 2018. We found that birds were in fair to good nutritional condition with no significant gross or microscopic lesions. Ticks (Amblyomma spp.) and lice (three species) were present on 94 and 31% of birds, respectively. We commonly detected intestinal nematodes and cestodes and found coccidian oocysts in 39% and capillarid eggs in 6% of birds. The prevalences of lymphoproliferative disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus were 39 and 11%, respectively. Spleen samples tested with PCR were positive for Borrelia burgdorferi, Haemoproteus sp., and Leucocytozoon sp. in 11, 83, and 3%, respectively. Based on a subjective histologic assessment of testis tissues, most birds had widespread and abundant sperm present. Mineral analysis and broad toxicant screening on liver samples from 32 turkeys were unremarkable. Further work is needed to assess potential population risk factors and to determine individual- and population-level impacts of pathogens on adults and poults.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves , Perus , Animais , Masculino , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Kentucky/epidemiologia , Animais Selvagens , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was the comparative analysis of the parasite communities of new populations of invasive pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) in western Ukraine with pumpkinseed from Czechia, where populations have rapidly expanded over the last two decades. METHODS: Sampling took place at three localities in the western part of Ukraine (i.e. Dobrotvir Reservoir (Vistula basin), Burshtyn Reservoir (Dniester basin), Mynai Pond (Danube basin)) and four in Czechia (i.e. Oxbow D2, Herspický Pond (Danube basin), and Kolín oxbow and Rímov Reservoir (Elbe basin). RESULTS: In total, 11 parasite taxa were recorded in Ukraine and 17 in Czechia. Four species were co-introduced from North America with their host, i.e. the myxosporean Myxobolus dechtiari, the monogeneans Onchocleidus dispar and Onchocleidus similis, and metacercariae of a trematode Posthodiplostomum centrarchi. High dominance indices were related to a high abundance of co-introduced parasites, i.e. O. similis in Mynai pond and P. centrarchi in Dobrotvir Reservoir. Overall abundance of acquired parasites was generally low. CONCLUSION: This study shows that parasite communities in recently established pumpkinseed populations in the western part of Ukraine and Czechia are less diverse than those established in Europe for decades. The generally low parasite load in these new populations may play an important role in their ability to successfully establish and create strong populations by providing a competitive advantage over local species.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Carga Parasitária , Animais , Ucrânia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Espécies Introduzidas , Perciformes/parasitologia , República Tcheca , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Members of the genus Ortholinea are among the worldwide distributed myxozoan parasites that mainly infect marine fish. In this study, a new myxosporean species, Ortholinea hamsiensis n. sp., was isolated from the urinary bladder of European anchovy Engraulis engrasicolus collected from the Sinop coasts of the Black Sea. The prevalence and density values of infection were 1.4% and 15 individuals in the field of view (1 + ), respectively. Mature myxospores are subspherical with slight tapering down to the less pronounced tip in the frontal view and subspherical in the sutural view. Myxospores measured 9.1 ± 0.25 (8.89.9) µm in length, 9.2 ± 0.11 (8.99.4) µm in thickness, and 8.4 ± 0.33 (8.2-9.1) µm in width. Two polar capsules equal in size measured 3.1 ± 0.11 (3.03.3) µm in length and 2.7 ± 0.11 (2.62.9) µm in width. The polar tubule had 34 coils. Along with morphological peculiarities, the results of the 18S rDNA also revealed it to be a new species for science compared to the other species of the genus. In this study, another myxosporean species O. gobiusi was also detected in round goby Neogobius melanostomus with a prevalence of infection value of 4.8% and a density of 15 individuals in the field of view (1 + ). The present study also provided the first data of 18S rDNA of O. gobiusi from N. melanostomus and type species of the genus O. divergens from Gobius niger and the phylogenetic relationships of these species with other Ortholinea species have been revealed.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Peixes , Myxozoa , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Filogenia , Bexiga Urinária , Animais , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Peixes/parasitologia , Mar Negro , Myxozoa/genética , Myxozoa/classificação , Myxozoa/isolamento & purificação , Myxozoa/fisiologia , Bexiga Urinária/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/análise , Prevalência , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/parasitologia , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/veterinária , DNA RibossômicoRESUMO
During May 2022 and again in March 2023, 5 quillbacks, Carpiodes cyprinus, were collected from the Verdigris River, Wagoner County, Oklahoma (n = 1), and the Black River, Lawrence County, Arkansas (n = 4), and their gill, gallbladder, fins, integument, musculature, and other major organs were macroscopically examined for myxozoans. Gill lamellae from the single quillback from the Verdigris River was infected with a new myxozoan, Thelohanellus oklahomaensis n. sp. Qualitative and quantitative morphological data were obtained from fresh and formalin-fixed preserved myxospores, and molecular data consisted of a 1,767 base pair sequence of the partial small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis grouped T. oklahomaensis n. sp. with myxozoans known to infect North American catostomids and Eurasian cyprinids. Histological examination localized plasmodia to an intralamellar developmental site and revealed a possible vestige of a second polar capsule. Although plasmodia markedly expanded lamellae, there were no associated epithelial or inflammatory changes. Thelohanellus oklahomaensis n. sp. is the only member of the genus known to infect the gills of C. cyprinus.
Assuntos
Carpas , Cnidários , Cipriniformes , Doenças dos Peixes , Myxozoa , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Animais , Myxozoa/genética , Brânquias , Filogenia , Oklahoma/epidemiologia , Arkansas , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Many zoonotic parasitic diseases, including Toxocara cati, may be spread by stray cat populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasites by performing parasitological and histopathological examinations on stray cats in Shiraz, Iran. A total of 106 stray cats from different geographical areas of Shiraz, southern Iran, were examined for the presence of parasites. The overall prevalence was found to be 83.02% (88/106), and eight parasites were found. The parasites included three genera of cestodes [Joyeuxiella echinorhynoides (52.83%), Taenia taeniaeformis (21.70%), and Dipylidium caninum (1.89%)], three nematodes [Physaloptera praeputialis (23.59%), Toxocara cati (15.09%), and Rictularia sp. (1.89%)], one protozoa [Isospora spp. (6.60%)], and one arthropod [Ctenocephalides felis (5.66%)]. The prevalence did not significantly differ between males and females. It did appear, nevertheless, that the age of cats may be regarded as a risk factor for these parasitic infections. Histopathological examination revealed some parasite-induced lesions in the intestine and stomach, including hyperemia, hemorrhage, mucosal destruction and inflammation. The lung tissues showed some histopathological lesions such as hemorrhage, edema, emphysema and mild inflammation, and dormant larvae were found in one tongue sample. The results of the present study showed that parasitic infections and, more importantly, T. cati are relatively prevalent in stray cats, and the people living in this area are at serious risk of this zoonotic disease. The cats in this region need to be monitored, and specific preventive measures should be developed by public health officials.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Animais , Gatos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Prevalência , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Parasitos/isolamento & purificação , Parasitos/classificaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: As a result of environmental imbalances of anthropogenic origin, the potential for transmission of parasites and viruses between different primates, including humans, might increase. Thus, parasitic studies have great relevance to primatology, which motivated us to conduct a literature review to synthesize the information available in American primates of the Callithrix genus. METHODS: We carried out the bibliographic search on the main groups of parasites (protozoa, helminths, arthropods, ectoparasites) and viruses found in Callithrix in Brazil in search platforms and consider all manuscript that appeared in search engines, published between the years 1910 and December 2022. In each selected article, the following information was recorded: the host species; parasite taxa; scientific classification of the parasite; host habitat (free-living, captive); diagnostic technique; state; and bibliographic reference. Data were tabulated and arranged in a parasite-host table. RESULTS: Some endemic genera, such as Callithrix, are widely distributed geographically across Brazil and have characteristics of adaptation to different habitats due to their flexibility in diet and behavior. These factors can make them subject to a greater diversity of parasites and viruses in the country. Here, we identified 68 parasitic taxa, belonging to the clades protozoa (n = 22), helminths (n = 34), ectoparasites (n = 7), and viruses (n = 5). Out of this total, 19 have zoonotic potential. Of the six existing marmoset species, Callithrix jacchus was the most frequent in studies, and Callithrix flaviceps did not have reports. All regions of the country had occurrences, mainly the Southeast, where 54% of the cases were reported. In 46% of the reported parasites and viruses, it was not possible to identify the corresponding species. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in part of the works the identification methods are not being specific, which makes it difficult to identify the species that affects Callithrix spp. Furthermore, the studies present geographic disparities, being concentrated in the southeast of the country, making it impossible to have a more uniform analysis of the findings. Thus, it is observed that information about parasites and viruses is incipient in the genus Callithrix in Brazil.
Assuntos
Callithrix , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Callithrix/parasitologia , Callithrix/virologia , Parasitos/classificação , Parasitos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Macacos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Macacos/virologia , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus/classificação , Viroses/veterinária , Viroses/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Linguatula is a food born zoonotic parasite in which carnivores and herbivores serve as final and intermediate hosts, respectively. Human infection with Linguatula spp. occurs following consumption of raw or undercooked infected internal organs of the intermediate host and/or consumption of water and/or vegetables contaminated with eggs released from final hosts. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and risk factors of Linguatula spp. in sheep, cattle, buffalo, goats and camels slaughtered at the Tabriz abattoir, Iran. In addition, effect of temperature and sodium chloride (NaCl) on survival time of Linguatula spp. nymphs was assessed. For this purpose, 25,520 mesenteric lymph nodes from 2552 animals and the livers and lungs from 656 animals were collected randomly and examined. To evaluate the effect of temperature and NaCl on the survival of Linguatula spp. nymphs in infected livers and lungs, 30 g of each liver and lung with dimensions of 2 × 3 × 4 cm, were exposed to temperatures of -20, 10, 50, 60 and 72 °C and NaCl concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, in triplicate. Based on the mesenteric lymph nodes, 25.7 % (656 of 2552 animals) were infected with Linguatula spp. Of the 656 liver and lungs assessed, 141 (21.5 %) and 62 (9.5 %) were infected with Linguatula spp., respectively. The rate of infection of mesenteric lymph nodes in all animals was significant with age (P < 0.05), with more older animals infected. In regards to sex, except for camels, more female animals were infected than male animals (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in survival of nymphs based on temperature and/or NaCl and time (P < 0.0001). At 72 h, all temperatures assessed except 10 °C, resulted in all nymphs being inactivated. Sodium chloride was more effective against Linguatula spp. nymphs in livers than in lungs with 100 % efficacy only achieved against nymphs in livers at 20 % concentration after 48 h and at 10 and 15 % concentration after 72 h. Based on these results, heating and application of common salt as a food preservative in meat products reduces the survival time of Linguatula spp. nymphs and their use could decrease the risk of food-born microorganisms.
Assuntos
Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Pentastomídeos , Humanos , Bovinos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ovinos , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/patologia , Cloreto de Sódio , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Camelus , Pentastomídeos/fisiologia , Ninfa/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco , Cabras , Búfalos , OvosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: During routine histological examination of tissues from mortality events of anadromous Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis from Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, myxospores consistent with Myxobolus were observed infecting the central nervous system. The objective of this study was to identify the species of Myxobolus infecting the nervous system of anadromous Brook Trout from PEI, Canada. METHODS: Myxospore morphology, small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data, and histology were used to identify myxospores isolated from infected Brook Trout. RESULT: Myxospore measurements from the PEI samples matched those reported in the description of Myxobolus neurofontinalis from North Carolina. A 1057-bp fragment of the SSU rDNA from myxospores collected from Brook Trout in PEI was identical to an isolate of M. neurofontinalis (MN191598) collected previously from the type locality, New River basin, North Carolina. Histological sections confirmed infections were intercellular in the central nervous system. Minimal host response was observed, with only sparse mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates present at the periphery of and within dispersed myxospores, suggesting that infections are not pathogenic to Brook Trout. CONCLUSION: Myxospores were identified as M. neurofontinalis, which was previously described from the central nervous system of Brook Trout from the New River basin, North Carolina, USA. This constitutes the first time M. neurofontinalis has been documented outside of the New River basin in North Carolina.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Myxobolus , Myxozoa , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Animais , Myxobolus/genética , Ilha do Príncipe Eduardo/epidemiologia , Myxozoa/genética , Truta , Canadá/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Filogenia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Animal parasitic diseases not only have an economic impact, but also have serious social and public health impacts. Although antiparasitic drugs can treat these diseases, it seems difficult for users to comprehensively utilize the information, due to incomplete and difficult data collection. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish a comprehensive database, that includes parasitic diseases and related drugs. In this paper, we develop a knowledge database dedicated to collecting and analyzing animal parasitic diseases and related drugs, named Animal Parasitic Diseases and Drugs Database (APDDD). The current version of APDDD includes animal parasitic disease data of 8 major parasite classifications that cause common parasitic diseases and 96 subclass samples mined from many literature and authoritative books, as well as 182 antiparasitic drugs. Furthermore, we utilized APDDD data to add a knowledge graph representing the relationships between parasitic diseases, drugs, and the targeted gene of drugs acting on parasites. We hope that APDDD will become a good database for animal parasitic diseases and antiparasitic drugs research and that users can gain a more intuitive understanding of the relationships between parasitic diseases, drugs, and targeted genes through the knowledge graph.
Assuntos
Parasitos , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Doenças Parasitárias , Animais , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
The present study describes Coccomyxa bragantinensis n. sp., which was found parasitising the gallbladder of the Coco Sea catfish, Bagre bagre, captured off Ajuruteua beach, in the region of Bragança in Pará state, northern Brazil. Most (77.5%) of the 40 fish specimens examined (31/40) had myxospores floating in the bile liquid. These spores are partially ellipsoid, with a tapering anterior extremity and a rounded, elongated posterior extremity with a single piriform polar capsule containing a helicoidal polar filament, with 5-6 coils. A partial sequence of 957 bp of the SSU rDNA gene was obtained from the specimens and deposited in GenBank (xxx). The new species described here - Coccomyxa bragantinensis n. sp. - is phylogenetically similar to Coccomyxa morovi, although it differs from all the other Coccomyxa species and is the first species of this genus to be described from Brazil on the basis of molecular evidence.
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato , Cnidários , Doenças dos Peixes , Myxozoa , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Animais , Cnidários/genética , Filogenia , Brasil , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , DNA Ribossômico/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: As part of the National Disease Surveillance Program for Taiwanese Aquaculture, we investigated the causative agent of disease outbreaks in farmed Chicken Grunts Parapristipoma trilineatum. METHODS: In this study, outbreak cases on two separate farms were noticed in coastal Pingtung County, Taiwan. In total, 50 juvenile fish showing clinical signs (such as emaciation and erratic swimming behavior) and broodstock (two females and two males) from both farms were collected to perform gross lesion assessment, histopathological examination, and molecular identification of the pathogen. RESULT: Clinical symptoms were infected fish exhibited erratic swimming behavior, such as whirling and floating on the surface of the water. In the following months, cumulative mortality had reached 19% and 24%, respectively. The gross lesions in the infected fish included white oval cysts in the muscle, serosa of the internal organs, sclera of the eyes, and cerebral meninges. After conducting a wet mount examination of cysts using a light microscope, we observed a significant quantity of spores with morphological characteristics, suggesting their affiliation with the Myxosporea group. The spores were semiquadrate, with four tiny suture notches at the periphery; the mean spore length was 7.3 µm (SD = 0.5), and the mean spore width was 8.2 µm (SD = 0.6). The mean length and width of the pyriform polar capsules (nematocysts) were 3.6 µm (SD = 0.5) and 2.2 µm (SD = 0.5), respectively. The 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA sequences of these specimens were identical to those of Kudoa lutjanus. CONCLUSION: As this was the first time an outbreak of K. lutjanus in Chicken Grunts was confirmed, its reappearance with substantial mortality should serve as a warning to the aquaculture industry.