RESUMO
Many studies have shown a strong correlation between Hindgut Acidosis (HGA) and the occurrence of laminitis in horses; therefore, the early diagnosis of HGA is essential. In this study, we investigated changes in the plasma concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) as inflammatory markers in horses with laminitis. Sixteen healthy male Arabian horses that had cecal cannulation without visible laminitis or general symptoms were randomly divided into two groups. The horses were fed two different diets in a forage-to-concentrate ratio. Blood samples were collected on Days 1, 10, and 20. The primary objective of this study was to analyze plasma levels of LBP and SAA. Cecal specimens were obtained from each equine subject on three designated days: days 1, 10, and 20. The second objective was to assess the levels of pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the samples. Throughout the study period, horses fed a high-concentrate diet exhibited a significantly elevated average lameness grade on days 10 and 20 compared to the initial stage (P < 0.001). On day 20, a significant increase in the concentration of SAA was observed in horses fed a high-concentrate diet, in contrast to the initial stage of the study. LBP levels in the plasma were significantly elevated on days 10 and 20 in horses fed a high-concentrate diet. Based on our findings, it is recommended that the evaluation of plasma LBP concentrations is more effective than SAA for the early identification of HGA in horses fed a high-grain diet.
Assuntos
Acidose , Proteínas de Fase Aguda , Proteínas de Transporte , Doenças dos Cavalos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica , Animais , Cavalos , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/análise , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fase Aguda/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fase Aguda/análise , Doenças dos Cavalos/sangue , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Acidose/veterinária , Acidose/sangue , Acidose/etiologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Transporte/sangue , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/sangue , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Doenças do Pé/sangue , Doenças do Pé/etiologia , Casco e Garras , Ração Animal/análise , Inflamação/veterinária , Inflamação/sangue , Dieta/veterinária , Ceco , Biomarcadores/sangueRESUMO
Obesity is a complex disease associated with augmented risk of metabolic disorder development and cellular dysfunction in various species. The goal of the present study was to investigate the impacts of obesity on the metabolic health of old mares as well as test the ability of diet supplementation with either a complex blend of nutrients designed to improve equine metabolism and gastrointestinal health or L-carnitine alone to mitigate negative effects of obesity. Mares (n = 19, 17.9 ± 3.7 years) were placed into one of three group: normal-weight (NW, n = 6), obese (OB, n = 7) or obese fed a complex diet supplement for 12 weeks (OBD, n = 6). After 12 weeks and completion of sample collections, OB mares received L-carnitine alone for an additional 6 weeks. Obesity in mares was significantly associated with insulin dysregulation, reduced muscle mitochondrial function, and decreased skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with greater ROS production when compared to NW. Obese mares fed the complex diet supplement had better insulin sensivity, greater cell lipid metabolism, and higher muscle oxidative capacity with reduced ROS production than OB. L-carnitine supplementation alone did not significantly alter insulin signaling, but improved lipid metabolism and muscle oxidative capacity with reduced ROS. In conclusion, obesity is associated with insulin dysregulation and altered skeletal muscle metabolism in older mares. However, dietary interventions are an effective strategy to improve metabolic status and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in older mares.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Carnitina , Suplementos Nutricionais , Insulina , Obesidade , Animais , Cavalos , Feminino , Insulina/metabolismo , Insulina/sangue , Carnitina/metabolismo , Carnitina/farmacologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Adiposidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças dos Cavalos/metabolismo , Doenças dos Cavalos/dietoterapia , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders in racehorses. Many EIPH risk factors such as breed, age, high or low environmental temperature, and distance of the race have been studied in racehorses. Aim: The aim of this study was to study the relationship between EIPH and the presence of jugular vein thrombose in racehorses. Methods: Forty-eight thoroughbred racehorses randomly selected from animals with exercise intolerance due to respiratory disorders were enrolled in the present study. Clinical and tracheobronchoscopy examinations were done for EIPH grading. In addition, both jugular veins were examined using ultrasonography for vein thrombosis. Results: It was noted during endoscopy that many cases suffered from laryngeal paralysis, and we were not able to assess the degree of laryngeal paralysis under sedation. About 40% of horses with exercise intolerance suffered from EIPH of varying degrees. Most cases of jugular vein thrombosis were of the chronic type, as local heat and pain were not observed. About 42% of the exercise-intolerant horses had jugular vein thrombose with most jugular vein thrombosis on the left side. Combined jugular veins thrombose and EIPH were found in about 25% of exercise intolerance horses, while 17% showed jugular vein thrombose without EIPH, and 41% showed no EIPH with the absence of jugular vein thrombose. Conclusion: The present study revealed that jugular vein thrombosis may cause disorders-associated damage to the vessels and anatomical structures close to it, such as the trachea causing EIPH.
Assuntos
Hemorragia , Doenças dos Cavalos , Veias Jugulares , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Trombose Venosa , Animais , Cavalos , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/veterinária , Hemorragia/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Masculino , Trombose Venosa/veterinária , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Feminino , Pneumopatias/veterinária , Pneumopatias/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the process whereby the screening of racing Thoroughbreds with accelerometer-based inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors followed by clinical evaluation and advanced imaging identified potentially catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries in 3 horses. ANIMALS: 3 Thoroughbred racehorses. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: All cases demonstrated an abnormal stride pattern either during racing (cases 1 and 2) or while breezing (case 3) and were identified as being at very high risk of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury by an algorithm derived from IMU sensor files from > 20,000 horses' race starts. Veterinary examination and 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography were performed within 10 days of the respective race or breeze in each of the cases. RESULTS: The intensity and location of the 18F-NaF uptake in the condyles of the third metacarpal bone in cases 1 and 2 identified them as at potential increased risk of condylar fracture. The pattern and intensity of the 18F-NaF uptake in case 3 indicated that the third carpal bone was likely responsible for the horse's lameness, with an impending slab fracture subsequently identified on radiographs. Following periods of convalescence, cases 1 and 2 returned to racing and were identified by the sensor system as no longer being at high risk of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury. Case 3 returned to training but has yet to return to racing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When worn by Thoroughbreds while racing or breezing, these IMU sensors can identify horses at high risk of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury, allowing for veterinary intervention and the potential avoidance of such injuries.
Assuntos
Acelerometria , Animais , Cavalos/lesões , Masculino , Acelerometria/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Feminino , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Corrida/lesões , Sistema Musculoesquelético/lesões , Coxeadura Animal/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe dermoid cyst formation as an uncommon complication of the pinch grafting technique in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMAL: A 8 year old Arabian gelding. METHODS: Clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, and histopathology records were reviewed. The horse originally presented due to delayed healing of a laceration to the distal aspect of the metatarsus. The wound was treated initially with debridement and it was allowed to fill with healthy granulation tissue prior to pinch grafting. Two months after grafting, the horse started to show self-mutilation behavior targeting the wound site. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of cystic lesions in the subcutaneous tissue in the wound bed and adjacent to the long digital extensor tendon. RESULTS: Treatment involved surgical excision of the cysts, which resulted in a resolution of the self-mutilation episodes. The specimens were submitted for histopathological investigation, which revealed findings compatible with dermoid cyst formation, suspected to be secondary to the skin-grafting procedure. CONCLUSION: Dermoid cysts formation should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis for skin graft complications in horses.
Assuntos
Cisto Dermoide , Doenças dos Cavalos , Transplante de Pele , Animais , Cavalos/lesões , Cisto Dermoide/veterinária , Cisto Dermoide/cirurgia , Transplante de Pele/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/cirurgia , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologiaAssuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Esportes , Cavalos , Animais , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation of a Thoroughbred filly with acute hemoperitoneum from a splenic source immediately after racing. ANIMAL: A 3-year-old Thoroughbred filly used for racing and that had raced shortly before presentation to the hospital. CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES: On presentation, the filly was quiet, alert, and responsive with a heart rate of 76 beats/min, pale mucous membranes, and absent borborygmi. All other physical examination parameters were within normal limits. Abdominal ultrasound was performed and revealed echogenic free abdominal fluid and a splenic hematoma. Abdominocentesis yielded sanguinous fluid with a PCV of 35%. The next day, repeat ultrasound revealed the splenic hematoma with capsular separation. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The filly was treated overnight with isotonic crystalloid fluids and aminocaproic acid (40 mg/kg, IV, slow bolus over 30 minutes followed by 20 mg/kg, IV, q 6 h), potassium penicillin (22,000 IU/kg, IV, q 6 h), gentamicin (6.6 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h), and omeprazole (4 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h). The lowest PCV obtained from the filly was 36 hours after presentation. The filly stabilized with medical treatment and was discharged to a farm for further recuperation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There are no published reports detailing hemoperitoneum of splenic origin in Thoroughbreds immediately after racing. Hemoperitoneum of splenic origin is not common in horses, with most cases of hemoperitoneum being secondary to acute trauma, neoplasia, parturition, or postoperative complications. While uncommon, this case raises awareness to another differential for a colicky horse immediately after racing.
Assuntos
Hematoma , Hemoperitônio , Doenças dos Cavalos , Animais , Cavalos , Hematoma/veterinária , Hematoma/etiologia , Hemoperitônio/veterinária , Hemoperitônio/etiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Feminino , Esplenopatias/veterinária , CorridaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Little has been reported regarding the prevalence and severity of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate EIPH prevalence and severity and its association with performance, speed index, furosemide administration, race distance, and track surface. ANIMALS: A total of 830 2-year-old Thoroughbreds. METHODS: Prospective blinded observational study. Videoendoscopy was performed 30 to 60 minutes postrace at 15 American racetracks. Three blinded observers independently assigned an EIPH grade (0-4) to each video, and prevalence and severity of EIPH were determined. Relationships of EIPH grade to performance, speed index, race distance, track surface, and prerace administration of furosemide were evaluated using Pearson's chi-squared test for categorical variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for numerical variables. Multivariable logistic regression assessed relationships between EIPH prevalence and severity, respectively, and the aforementioned independent variables. A P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 1071 tracheoendoscopies were recorded. The EIPH prevalence was 74% and for EIPH grade ≥3 was 8%. Speed index (P = .02) and finishing place (P = .004) were lower with EIPH ≥3. The EIPH prevalence and severity were lower at 2 tracks where postrace tracheoendoscopy was mandatory rather than voluntary (P < .001). Probability of observing EIPH was negatively associated with speed index (P = .01) at tracks where postrace tracheoendoscopy was mandatory. Prerace furosemide administration decreased the probability of EIPH occurrence (P = .007) and severity (P = .01) where study participation was voluntary. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Prevalence and severity of EIPH in 2-year-old racehorses were consistent with that of older racehorses. An EIPH grade ≥3 was associated with decreased performance. Prerace furosemide administration was associated with a decreased likelihood, but not severity, of EIPH at most tracks.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Pneumopatias , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Furosemida/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Hemorragia/etiologia , Hemorragia/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Cavalos , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Pneumopatias/veterinária , Condicionamento Físico Animal/efeitos adversos , Prevalência , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Risk rates for and predisposing factors to fractures occurring in Thoroughbred racing that have been published in peer reviewed journals are documented. The potential for currently available techniques to identify horses at increased risk for fracture is discussed on the bases of principles, practicalities, advantages, disadvantages and current data. All are reviewed in light of justifiable decision making and importance of fractures to horseracing's social license.
Assuntos
Fraturas Ósseas , Doenças dos Cavalos , Cavalos , Animais , Fraturas Ósseas/epidemiologia , Fraturas Ósseas/etiologia , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologiaRESUMO
Snakebite envenomation (SBE) in horses can have devastating outcomes. Tissue damage, cardiotoxicity, coagulopathy, and neurotoxicity can be concerns with SBE. Understanding the actions of venom components is important in developing a successful treatment plan. Antivenom is the mainstay of treatment. Long-term deleterious effects can occur including cardiac dysfunction and lameness.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea , Doenças dos Cavalos , Mordeduras de Serpentes , Animais , Cavalos , Mordeduras de Serpentes/complicações , Mordeduras de Serpentes/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/terapia , Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/veterináriaRESUMO
Cantharidin is the toxic component of blister beetles of the genus Epicauta. Cantharidin is a potent vesicant which causes blisters, erosions, and ulcerations in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and can cause myocardial necrosis. Blister beetles are found over most of North America and specifically contaminate alfalfa at harvest. History of alfalfa feeding, with colic, dysuria, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia are suggestive of blister beetle toxicosis. Myocardial damage causes increased serum cardiac troponin 1. Tentative diagnosis can be made by finding the beetles in feed or ingesta. Definitive diagnosis requires detection of cantharidin in urine or gastric contents. Treatment involves ending exposure, decreasing absorption, controlling pain, using gastroprotectants, and fluids and electrolyte replacement. Prognosis is guarded to poor.
Assuntos
Besouros , Cólica , Doenças dos Cavalos , Cavalos , Animais , Cantaridina/toxicidade , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Cólica/veterinária , Dor/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hypoadiponectinaemia is a risk factor for endocrinopathic laminitis, but the directionality and nature of its association with insulin dysregulation is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of short-term induced hyperinsulinaemia and dexamethasone challenge on circulating [total adiponectin] and whole blood expression of adiponectin (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors in insulin-sensitive ponies. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo experiment. METHODS: Six never-laminitic, insulin-sensitive, native-breed UK ponies first underwent a dexamethasone challenge (0.08 mg/kg i.v.) with blood samples collected every 15 min over 3 h. After a 14-day washout period, hyperinsulinaemia was induced for 9 h via a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC), with blood samples collected every 30 min. Serum [insulin], plasma [total adiponectin], and plasma [IGF-1] were measured using validated assays and receptor gene expression was assessed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Finally, whole blood was incubated with 10-1000 ng/mL dexamethasone for 3 h at 37°C to investigate its direct effects on gene expression. RESULTS: There were no adverse effects observed during either protocol. Dexamethasone challenge did not alter circulating [insulin] or [total adiponectin] at any time-point, but significantly upregulated AdipoR1 and IGF-1R expression at 150 and 180 min. Ex vivo incubation of whole blood with dexamethasone did not alter expression of the genes examined. There was no change in [total adiponectin] or expression of the genes examined associated with EHC-induced hyperinsulinemia. MAIN LIMITATIONS: This was a small sample size that included only native-breed ponies; total adiponectin was measured rather than high-molecular-weight adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term induced hyperinsulinaemia and dexamethasone challenge did not affect circulating [total adiponectin] in insulin-sensitive ponies. However, dexamethasone administration was associated with upregulation of two receptors linked to adiponectin signalling, suggesting that a physiological response occurred possibly to counteract dexamethasone-associated changes in tissue insulin sensitivity.
Assuntos
Doenças do Pé , Casco e Garras , Doenças dos Cavalos , Hiperinsulinismo , Cavalos , Animais , Insulina/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/efeitos adversos , Adiponectina , Inflamação/veterinária , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Hiperinsulinismo/induzido quimicamente , Hiperinsulinismo/veterinária , Hiperinsulinismo/complicações , Dexametasona/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Equine obesity combined with insulin dysregulation (ID) is a major risk factor associated with laminitis. Some pony breeds appear to be at increased risk. However, little is known regarding the prevalence of obesity or hyperinsulinaemia as evidence of ID in Irish ponies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of obesity and associated endocrine/metabolic disease conditions in Connemara ponies and to determine if hyperinsulinaemia in these ponies could be predicted by morphometric or metabolic markers. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: The study population included registered Connemara ponies recruited through public and veterinary social media posts. Ponies underwent a physical examination and information on their management and clinical history was obtained via owner questionnaire. The body condition score (BCS) was measured using the Henneke system; cresty neck score (CNS) and regionalised adiposity were also assessed. Hyperinsulinaemia was confirmed by measuring serum basal insulin concentration (BIC) or insulin concentration after an oral sugar test (OST). Blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations were measured. Characteristics of hyperinsulinaemic and insulin-sensitive ponies were compared by logistic regression. RESULTS: Two hundred ponies were included; 59 ponies (29.5%) had a BCS ≥7, 58 (29.0%) had a CNS ≥2.5 and 135 (67.5%) had regionalised adiposity; 137 (68.5%) ponies had at least one of these abnormalities. Owner-reported history or clinical evidence of chronic laminitis was found in 92 ponies (46.0%). Hyperinsulinaemia was confirmed in 32 ponies (16.0%), including 23 of 91 (25.3%) detected by OST and 9 of 109 (8.3%) by BIC. Hypertriglyceridaemia was observed in 12 of 198 ponies (6.1%) ponies and hyperglycaemia in 11 of 197 ponies (5.6%) ponies. The odds of hyperinsulinaemia increased by a factor of 6.53 (95% confidence interval: 2.95, 15.21) when BCS was ≥7. MAIN LIMITATIONS: The OST was not performed in all ponies. CONCLUSIONS: Increased adiposity, laminitis and metabolic derangements are prevalent in this native Irish pony breed.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Hiperinsulinismo , Humanos , Cavalos , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/veterinária , Obesidade/complicações , Hiperinsulinismo/complicações , Hiperinsulinismo/epidemiologia , Hiperinsulinismo/veterinária , Insulina/metabolismo , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Post-anaesthetic fever is a known complication of general anaesthesia, however, its incidence in horses undergoing elective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of post-anaesthetic fever in horses undergoing elective orthopaedic MRI and determine whether prophylactic antimicrobial therapy would be associated with a reduction in the incidence of post-anaesthetic fever. We hypothesised that prophylactic antimicrobials would be associated with a reduction in the incidence of post-anaesthetic fever. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: This retrospective study included 791 elective orthopaedic MRIs in systemically healthy horses between June 2006 and March 2020 that recovered from general anaesthesia and did not undergo surgery or intensive medical therapy soon after recovery. Potential factors associated with post-anaesthetic fever were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Case signalment, travel time, preanaesthetic haematology and fibrinogen abnormalities, use of prophylactic antimicrobials, peri-anaesthetic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, anaesthesia time and recovery time were all evaluated for association with post-anaesthetic fever. RESULTS: Of 791 MRI cases, 44 (5.6%) developed a post-anaesthetic fever. Horses that received prophylactic antimicrobials were [odds ratio (OR) 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98-7.46; p ≤ 0.001] more likely to develop a post-anaesthetic fever than those that did not receive antimicrobials. Young horses (1-4 years of age) were (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.26-6.17; p = 0.01) more likely to develop fever compared with adult horses (≥5 years of age). MAIN LIMITATIONS: Limitations of this study pertain to retrospective analysis including nonrandomised case selection and incomplete data records. CONCLUSIONS: While fever may indicate infection, the majority of early post-anaesthetic fevers resolved before discharge from the hospital with no identified cause. The use of prophylactic antimicrobials to reduce the risk of post-anaesthetic fever for elective MRI is not supported by this study.
CONTEXTO: Febre é uma complicação comum após anestesia geral. Contudo, a incidência de febre em cavalos submetidos à ressonância magnética (RM) é desconhecida. OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência de febre pósanestésica em cavalos submetidos à RM devido à lesões ortopédicas e determinar se terapia antimicrobiana é necessária para reduzir a incidência de febre pósanestésica. Nossa hipótese é que o uso de antimicrobianos é associado com a redução da incidência de febre pósanestésica. DELINEAMENTO DO ESTUDO: Estudo retrospectivo transversal. METODOLOGIA: Esse estudo retrospectivo incluiu 791 equinos submetidos à RM por motivos ortopédicos, entre Junho de 2006 e Março de 2020, que recuperaram de anestesia geral, e não foram submetidos à cirurgia ou terapia intensa logo após a recuperação. Fatores que potencialmente poderiam ser associados com febre pósanestésica foram avaliados utilizando regressão logística multivariada. Informações do paciente, como sexo e idade, tempo de viagem, anormalidades nos exames de sangue (hemograma e bioquímico) préanestésico, uso profilático de antimicrobianos, uso de antiinflamatório nãoesteroidal no período perianestésico, tempo de anestesia, e tempo de recuperação foram avaliados para possível associação com febre pósanestésica. RESULTADOS: Dos 791 casos de RM, 44 (5.6%) desenvolveram febre pósanestésica. Cavalos que receberam terapia antimicrobiana profilática foram (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.987.46; p ≤ 0.001) vezes mais prováveis de desenvolverem febre pósanestésica do que aqueles que não receberam antimicrobianos. Cavalos jovens (14 anos de idade) foram OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.266.17; p = 0.01) vezes mais prováveis de desenvolverem febre comparado com cavalos adultos (≥5 anos de idade). PRINCIPAIS LIMITAÇÕES: As limitações deste estudo são aquelas de uma análise retrospectiva, incluindo a seleção não randomizada dos pacientes e prontuários incompletos. CONCLUSÕES: Enquanto febre pode indicar a presença de infecção, a maioria das febres no período logo após anestesia se resolveram antes da alta do hospital e não tiveram nenhuma causa identificada. O uso profilático de antimicrobianos para reduzir a possível chance de febre pósanestésica em casos de RM eletiva não é suportada por este estudo.
Assuntos
Anestésicos , Anti-Infecciosos , Doenças dos Cavalos , Ortopedia , Animais , Cavalos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Cavalos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Anestesia Geral/veterinária , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Febre/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been proposed as a risk factor for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) due to increased pressure in the left atrium. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if AF was associated with EIPH following a standardised exercise test (SET) to fatigue. STUDY DESIGN: Two-arm controlled experiment. METHODS: Ten untrained Standardbred mares mean (standard deviation [SD]) age 6 (2) years performed a SET on the treadmill in sinus rhythm (SR) (SET1) and 25-44 days after induction of self-sustained AF (SET2). AF was induced by tachypacing using a pacing device. Endoscopy, including tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), was performed 48-72 h before and 24 h after the two SETs. In addition, endoscopic grading of tracheal blood was performed 2 h after each SET. RESULTS: After SET1, none of the horses showed blood in the trachea, and two horses showed erythrophagocytosis. Following SET2, two horses had grade 1 blood in the trachea and free erythrocytes and erythrophagocytosis in the BAL, while another two horses had erythrophagocytosis in the BAL. In SET2, the overall performance on the treadmill was decreased with a lower maximum velocity (SET1 10.3 ± 0.8 m/s vs. SET2 8.9 ± 0.9 m/s, p = 0.004), a higher heart rate (284 ± 21 vs. 221 ± 18 bpm, p = 0.003) and more abnormal QRS complexes (p < 0.001) compared with SET1. CONCLUSIONS: Two horses showed signs of EIPH, resulting in visible blood in the trachea, when exercising in AF compared with SR. However, a possible link between EIPH, pulmonary pressure and AF needs to be further elucidated.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Doenças dos Cavalos , Pneumopatias , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Cavalos , Feminino , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/veterinária , Teste de Esforço/veterinária , Teste de Esforço/efeitos adversos , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Pneumopatias/veterinária , Hemorragia/etiologia , Hemorragia/veterinária , Condicionamento Físico Animal/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologiaRESUMO
Objective: Ultraviolet light (UV) is a risk factor for the development of cutaneous neoplasia in many mammalian species. This study evaluated UV exposure as a risk factor of concern for the development of cutaneous neoplasia in equine species due to the significant UV exposure that may accrue over their lifetimes. Animals and samples: Neoplastic biopsy specimens from 3272 horses that were submitted over a 10-year period to the Colorado State University Diagnostic Medicine Center and to the University of Saskatchewan Western College of Veterinary Medicine and Prairie Diagnostic Services were evaluated. Procedure: This retrospective study assessed the spatial relationships between altitude, latitude, longitude, and UV maximum value and the probability of UV-induced cutaneous neoplasia. Results: Cases from areas at high altitude proved to have a higher prevalence of UV-induced cutaneous neoplasia than those from areas at lower elevations. A multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that altitude was the only factor significantly and positively associated with the diagnosis of UV-induced neoplasia. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Evidence of cutaneous neoplasia in horses and environmental factors that influence the degree of UV exposure in a geographic location may aid in diagnosis and suggest preventive measures from UV overexposure.
Facteurs de risque environnementaux des néoplasies cutanées induites par les UV chez le cheval : une approche SIG. Objectif: La lumière ultraviolette (UV) est un facteur de risque pour le développement de néoplasies cutanées chez de nombreuses espèces de mammifères. Cette étude a évalué l'exposition aux UV en tant que facteur de risque préoccupant pour le développement de néoplasies cutanées chez les équidés en raison de l'exposition importante aux UV qui peut s'accumuler au cours de leur vie. Animaux et échantillons: Des échantillons de biopsie néoplasique de 3272 chevaux qui ont été soumis sur une période de 10 ans au Colorado State University Diagnostic Medicine Center et au University of Saskatchewan Western College of Veterinary Medicine and Prairie Diagnostic Services ont été évalués. Procédure: Cette étude rétrospective a évalué les relations spatiales entre l'altitude, la latitude, la longitude et la valeur maximale des UV et la probabilité de néoplasie cutanée induite par les UV. Résultats: Les cas des régions de haute altitude se sont avérés avoir une prévalence plus élevée de néoplasie cutanée induite par les UV que ceux des régions de basse altitude. Une analyse de régression multivariée a démontré que l'altitude était le seul facteur significativement et positivement associé au diagnostic de néoplasie induite par les UV. Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Les preuves de néoplasie cutanée chez les chevaux et les facteurs environnementaux qui influencent le degré d'exposition aux UV dans un lieu géographique peuvent aider au diagnostic et suggérer des mesures préventives contre la surexposition aux UV.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Cavalos , Animais , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Fatores de Risco , Mamíferos , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnósticoRESUMO
Native ponies are at increased risk of obesity and metabolic perturbations, such as insulin dysregulation (ID), a key risk factor for endocrinopathic laminitis. Management and feeding practices can be adapted to maintain healthy body condition and support metabolic health, but owners may inadvertently provide their ponies with inappropriate management leading to obesity and exacerbating risk of metabolic disease. Adoption of preventative weight management approaches (WMAs), including regular monitoring of body condition, providing appropriate preserved forage, promoting seasonal weight loss, and using exercise accordingly, are key in supporting native ponies' metabolic health. The factors influencing the adoption of WMAs, such as owners' experience and confidence, require exploration. The aim of the current study was to understand factors influencing owners' likelihood to undertake certain WMAs, to develop our understanding of suitable intervention targets. A total of 571 responses to an online cross-sectional questionnaire were analysed. Mediation analysis revealed that whilst long term (≥20 years) experience caring for native ponies was associated with owners increased, self-reported confidence in identifying disease and managing their native ponies, this did not translate to an increased likelihood of implementing WMAs. Conversely, respondents who managed ponies with dietary requirements related to obesity, laminitis, or equine metabolic syndrome were more likely to use WMAs related to feeding, seasonal weight management and exercise. Owner confidence was assessed and rejected as a mediator of the relationship between experience and WMA use. These results highlight the need for further work that elucidates the pathways leading owners to undertake action against obesity without the need for ponies to develop overt disease, as well as suggesting a need for long term managers of native ponies to update management practices with preventative care as the focus.
Assuntos
Dermatite , Doenças dos Cavalos , Síndrome Metabólica , Humanos , Cavalos , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Doenças dos Cavalos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common performance limiting arrhythmia in racehorses. High dose exercise and airway disease promote AF in humans. Few studies have investigated epidemiological factors associated with AF in horses. OBJECTIVES: Explore variables relating to performance, exercise volume and postrace endoscopic findings in horses with AF. ANIMALS: A total of 164 horses with poor race performance and postrace AF were compared to 321 horses with poor performance without AF (PP) and 314 horses performing to expectation (TE). METHODS: Horse-level and race-level variables for horses racing in Australia and Hong Kong from 2009 to 2021 were compared using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Postrace endoscopic exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) and tracheal mucus accumulation (TMA) grades for AF and PP horses were compared using chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: Variables that were significant in the multivariable model of AF compared to TE were distance (lengths) behind the winner, (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.41 [1.32-1.51], P < .0001), cumulative prize money per start before the event (OR [95% CI] 1.02 [1.01-1.03], P = .01) and age (OR [95% CI] 0.72 [0.55-0.92], P = .01). More AF horses had EIPH grade ≥ 3 (23/109; 21.1%) than PP horses (7/213; 3.3%; OR [95%CI] 7.9 [3.3-20.2], P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Acute race performance was substantially impaired by AF but career earnings before the event were not inferior. Exercise volume did not promote AF. Higher grades of EIPH found in AF horses suggests a mechanistic relationship between these conditions.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Doenças dos Cavalos , Pneumopatias , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Corrida , Humanos , Cavalos , Animais , Fibrilação Atrial/etiologia , Fibrilação Atrial/veterinária , Condicionamento Físico Animal/efeitos adversos , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Pneumopatias/veterinária , Hemorragia/veterináriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare anamnestic factors in Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) in affected and nonaffected horses to detect risk factors for horses developing EOTRH. ANIMALS: A total of 154 Icelandic horses, aged 15 years and older, examined at 22 locations in Lower Saxony, Germany. The investigations took place from October 2020 to December 2021. METHODS: Anamnestic data were collected using an owner-completed questionnaire. Horses underwent a thorough physical examination and CBC. The rostral oral cavity was clinically examined, and intraoral radiographs of the incisors were taken. Clinical and radiographic findings were scored. Based on the results, the study population was separated into "EOTRH-affected" and "EOTRH-healthy" horses. Both groups were compared to identify differences within the anamnestic factors. In case of inconclusive findings, some horses were classified as "suspicious". RESULTS: The diagnosis of EOTRH was made in 72.2% (109/151) of horses. The risk of contracting the disease increased with the age of the horse (P = .004). In addition, there was a predisposition for male animals (P = .032). Feeding, keeping, and dental treatments showed no significant influence, while place of birth seemed to influence horses developing EOTRH (P = .017). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results highlight how widespread EOTRH is among the German Icelandic horse population and the need for raising awareness of EOTRH, as many horses were not suspected of having EOTRH beforehand. Moreover, numerous etiological propositions exist, but, to date, no studies have investigated their relevance.