Primary care patterns among dual eligibles with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

BACKGROUND: Primary care is essential for persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Prior research suggests that the propensity to provide high-quality, continuous primary care varies by provider setting, but the settings used by Medicare-Medicaid dual-eligibles with ADRD have not been described at the population level. METHODS: Using 2012-2018 Medicare data, we identified dual-eligibles with ADRD. For each person-year, we identified primary care visits occurring in six settings. We calculated descriptive statistics for beneficiaries with a majority of visits in each setting, and conducted a k-means cluster analysis to determine utilization patterns, using the standardized count of primary care visits in each setting. RESULTS: Each year from 2012 to 2018, at least 45.6% of dual-eligibles with ADRD received a majority of their primary care in nursing facilities, while at least 25.2% did so in physician offices. Over time, the share relying on nursing facilities for primary care decreased by 5.2 percentage points, offset by growth in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and miscellaneous settings (2.3 percentage points each). Dual-eligibles relying on nursing facilities had more annual primary care visits (16.1) than those relying on other settings (range: 6.8-10.7 visits). Interpersonal care continuity was also higher in nursing facilities (97.0%) and physician offices (87.9%) than in FQHCs (54.2%), rural health clinics (RHCs, 46.6%), or hospital-based clinics (56.8%). Among dual-eligibles without care continuity, 82.7% were assigned to a cluster with few primary care visits. CONCLUSIONS: A trend toward care in different settings likely reflects improved access to patient-centered primary care. Low rates of interpersonal care continuity in FQHCs, RHCs, and physician offices may warrant concern, unless providers in these settings function as a care team. Nonetheless, every healthcare system encounter presents an opportunity to designate a primary care provider for dual-eligibles with ADRD who use little or no primary care.

Primary care nurses' preparedness for COVID-19 in the Western Cape province, South Africa.

INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a global public health crisis. Primary care (PC) nurses render first line care, or refer for more specialised services. AIM: To investigate the preparedness of PC nurses for COVID-19 in the Western Cape. SETTING: The Western Cape province of South Africa. METHODS: We administered an online survey, with closed and open-ended questions, to 83 Stellenbosch University postgraduate PC nursing students and alumni working in the Western Cape, between 03 July and 01 September 2020. RESULTS: The results indicated that 43.3% of participants were confident about the infection, prevention, and control (IPC) training they received and 56.7% felt prepared to provide direct care to suspected cases of COVID-19. Primary care nurses were more comfortable to triage (78.3%) than to manage persons with COVID-19 (42.2%), indicating that they may not be functioning to the full capacity of their education and training. Adequate infrastructure was reported by less than a third of the participants (30.1%) and 59.1% reported that personal protective equipment (PPE) was always available. Primary care nurses needed support in coping with stress (57.8%) although few (14.5%) reported access to mental health services. CONCLUSION: Primary care nurses were not prepared optimally for the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges included adequate training, infrastructure, the availability of personal protective equipment, COVID-19 testing of health care workers and management support. Primary care nurses need comprehensive support to manage stress and anxiety.

Remote area nursing: best practice or paternalism in action? The importance of consumer perspectives on primary health care nursing practice in remote communities.

This paper reports on a study that aimed to understand how remote area nurses implemented primary health care principles in the Australian remote health care setting. Twenty-four Registered Nurses and Nurse Practitioners who worked in remote health services without inpatient facilities were interviewed using constructivist grounded theory methods. Findings revealed that nurses in this study aimed to practice in a way that was guided by Indigenous empowerment and social justice. However, some nurses questioned elements of their practice such as 'chasing' people for appointments or routine screening required by clinical guidelines that may not reflect the values of Indigenous peoples. Nurses expressed concern that they may be reinforcing past colonising practices and their actions may be considered paternalistic rather than empowering. Nurses in this study wanted to develop partnerships and provide nursing care that aligned with the health and wellbeing expectations of communities. However, ways of communicating the needs of communities and the development of partnerships between health providers and communities need to be developed. The present study calls for further research from the perspective of remote community members in order to develop ways of sharing knowledge about health and wellbeing between remote area nurses and communities.

Atendimento de gestantes na atenção primária a saúde pela enfermagem durante a pandemia do SARS-COV-2 / Care of pregnant women in primary health care by nursins during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic / Cuidado de mujeres embarazadas em atención primaria de salud enfermería durante la pandemia SARS-COV-2

Objetivo: Descrever o papel do enfermeiro na realização de consultas pré-natal durante a pandemia no âmbito da Atenção Primaria a Saúde. Método: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência. O mesmo ocorreu no período de março de 2020 até junho 2020 na microrregião dos Sertões de Crateús, Ceará. Resultados: O profissional de enfermagem desenvolve o importante papel de orientar toda a população, em especial as gestantes, que são grupo de risco e ainda estão frequentando a unidade com certa periodicidade. Sob esse viés a educação em saúde em tempos de pandemia tem focado em medidas de prevenção contra o vírus SARS-Cov-2. Conclusão: Dessa maneira, a estratégia utilizada qualifica-se como um instrumento útil de fácil acesso e que gera impactos na população. Possibilitando uma intervenção continua no cuidado aos pacientes, no que tange ao atendimento pré-natal, a propagação de conhecimentos, age de modo a promover saúde e prevenir agravos.(AU)

Objective: Describe the role of nurses in carrying out prenatal consultations during the pandemic within the scope of Primary the Health Care. Method: Descriptive study, an experience report. The same occurred in the period from March 2020 until June 2020 in the micro-region of the Sertões de Crateús, Ceara. Results: The nursing professional plays an important role in guiding the entire population, especially pregnant women, who are at risk and are still attending the unit with certain frequency. Under this bias, health education in times of pandemic has focused on preventive measures against the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Conclusion: In this way, the strategy used qualifies as a useful instrument with easy access and that generates impacts on the population. Enabling a continuous intervention in patient care, with regard to prenatal care, the spread of knowledge, acts in a way to promote health and prevent injuries.(AU)

Objetivo: Describir la función del enfermero en la realización de consultas prenatales durante la pandemia en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: Estudio descriptivo, relato de experiencia. Ocurrió en el período de marzo de 2020 a junio de 2020 en la microrregión de Sertões de Crateús, Ceará. Resultados: El profesional de enfermería desarrolla un papel importante en la orientación de toda la población, especialmente las mujeres embarazadas, que se encuentran en riesgo y aún asisten a la unidad con cierta frecuencia. Bajo este sesgo, la educación sanitaria en tiempos de pandemia se ha centrado en medidas preventivas contra el virus SARS-Cov-2. Conclusión: De esta manera, la estrategia utilizada califica como un instrumento útil, de fácil acceso y que genera impactos en la población. Permitir una intervención continua en la atención de las pacientes, en lo que respecta a la atención prenatal, la difusión del conocimiento, actúa con el fin de promover la salud y prevenir lesiones.(AU)

Saberes científicos e populares de enfermeiros e usuários na visita domiciliar / Conocimiento científico y popular de usuarios y enfermeras que visitan el hogar / Popular and Scientific Knowledge of Users and Nurses Who Visit Homes

Introdução: A visita domiciliar, por ser realidade na proteção do lar, pode proporcionar liberdade no diálogo e exposição de saberes dos usuários. Porém, por não possuir grau de cientificidade reconhecido, o saber popular é negado por muitos enfermeiros e assim, o espaço de escuta e de troca é reduzido. Objetivo: Analisar os saberes científicos e populares de enfermeiros e usuários na visita domiciliar da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, cuja coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 25 enfermeiros e 18 usuários, e 38 observações simples de visitas domiciliares. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica hermenêutica-dialética. Resultados: A visita domiciliar do enfermeiro possui o desafio de concretizar os canais de diálogo através de relações horizontais que promovam o reconhecimento do saber popular. Contudo, a pesquisa revela algumas experiências exitosas de articulação dos saberes. Conclusão: A maioria dos enfermeiros não consideram o saber popular como um modo válido de cuidado à saúde e, por isso, não articulam esse saber com o científico. É possível um posicionamento diferente do enfermeiro na visita domiciliar, que reconheça a incompletude do saber científico e articule variadas formas de saber em busca de respostas individualizadas e resolutivas(AU)

Introducción: Las visitas al hogar, como una realidad en la protección del hogar, pueden proporcionar libertad en el diálogo y la exposición del conocimiento de los usuarios. Sin embargo, debido a la falta de reconocida cientificidad, muchas enfermeras niegan el conocimiento popular y, por lo tanto, se reduce el espacio para escuchar e intercambiar. Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento científico y popular de enfermeras y usuarios en la visita domiciliaria de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, cuya recopilación de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 25 enfermeras y 18 usuarios, y 38 observaciones simples de visitas domiciliarias. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó la técnica hermenéutica-dialéctica. Resultados: Las visitas a hogares de ancianos tienen el desafío de establecer canales de diálogo a través de relaciones horizontales que promuevan el reconocimiento del conocimiento popular. Sin embargo, la investigación revela algunas experiencias exitosas de articulación del conocimiento. Conclusión: La mayoría de las enfermeras no consideran el conocimiento popular como una forma válida de atención médica y, por lo tanto, no articulan este conocimiento con el conocimiento científico. Es posible tener una posición diferente de las enfermeras en las visitas domiciliarias, que reconocen lo incompleto del conocimiento científico y articulan varias formas de conocimiento en busca de respuestas individualizadas y resueltas(AU)

Introduction: Home visits, as a reality in home protection, can provide freedom in dialogue and the exposure of the users' knowledge. However, due to the lack of recognized scientificity, many nurses deny popular knowledge and, therefore, the space for listening and sharing is reduced. Objective: To analyze the scientific and popular knowledge of nurses and users during home visits as part of the family health strategy. Methods: Descriptive and qualitative study, the data collection for which was carried out through semistructured interviews with 25 nurses and 18 users, as well as 38 simple observations of home visits. For data analysis, the hermeneutical-dialectic technique was used. Results: Visits to nursing homes have the challenge of establishing channels of dialogue through horizontal relationships that promote the recognition of popular knowledge. However, the research reveals some successful experiences of knowledge articulation. Conclusion: Most nurses do not consider popular knowledge as a valid form of medical care and, therefore, do not articulate this knowledge with scientific knowledge. It is possible for nurses to have a different position in home visits, insofar as they recognize the incompleteness of scientific knowledge and articulate various forms of knowledge in search of individualized and determined answers(AU)

Una concepción de cuidador familiar de anciano / A Conceptualization about Family Caregiver of the Elderly

Introducción: El envejecimiento, fenómeno social y de salud que afecta la contemporaneidad, hace que investigadores se enfoquen en este grupo poblacional, las necesidades y respuestas humanas crecientes que los caracterizan, así como a los seres humanos que dedican tiempo al cuidado de los ancianos. Sin embargo, no se identifican referentes ni una definición actualizada que se configure desde la enfermería, por lo que es necesario analizar los enfoques en el contexto internacional y nacional relacionado con este sujeto. Objetivo: Sistematizar el término cuidador familiar de anciano para lograr su contextualización en el ámbito de la enfermería. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática para un análisis crítico reflexivo de contenido de documentos publicados durante 10 años, desde 2005 al 2015, con una clara metodología y referencial teórico seleccionado, durante el mes de julio del 2019. Se utilizaron las palabras clave identificadas en DeCS y operadores booleanos: "cuidadores" AND "anciano" OR "adulto mayor" AND "enfermería". La búsqueda fue realizada en la base de datos SciELO, redalyc y medigraphic. Se utilizó el diagrama de flujo (PRISMA) para contribuir a la formulación de la estrategia de búsqueda. Conclusiones: La sistematización permitió la definición operacional de cuidador familiar de anciano desde una perspectiva de la enfermería, esta se concibe como: Persona adulta allegada o con vínculo de parentesco, que asiste o ayuda y toma decisiones sobre los cuidados crecientes de un miembro de la familia de 60 años o más, cuyo estado de salud e inadaptación a los cambios del entorno, demanda de la satisfacción de necesidades(AU)

Introduction: Aging, a social and health phenomenon that affects contemporaneity, makes researchers focus on this population group, the growing human needs and responses that characterize them, as well as the human beings who spend time caring for the elderly. However, no references or any updated definition are identified as supported from the field of nursing, so it is necessary to analyze the approaches in the international and national context related to this subject. Objective: To systematize the term family caregiver of the elderly to achieve its contextualization in the field of nursing. Methods: A systematic review was carried out for a critical reflexive content analysis of documents published for 10 years, from 2005 to 2015, with a clear methodology and selected theoretical reference, during the month of July 2019. The following keywords identified in DeCS and Boolean operators were used: "cuidadores" AND "anciano" OR "adulto mayor" AND "enfermería" [in English, "caregivers" AND "elderly" OR "elderly" AND "nursing"]. The search was carried out in the database SciELO, redalyc and medigraphic. The flow chart (PRISMA) was used to contribute to the formulation of the search strategy. Conclusions: The systematization allowed the operational definition of family caregivers of the elderly from a nursing perspective, this is conceived as: An adult person close to or related by kinship, who assists or helps and makes decisions about the growing care of a member of the family aged 60 years or more, whose state of health and lack of adaptation to changes in the environment demand for the fulfillment of needs(AU)

Tinkering and overruling the computer decision support system: Working strategies of telephone triage nurses who assess the urgency of callers suspected of having an acute cardiac event.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To understand clinical reasoning and decision-making of triage nurses during telephone conversations with callers suspected of having acute cardiac events, and support from a computer decision support system (CDSS) herewith. BACKGROUND: In telephone triage, nurses assess the urgency of callers' conditions with clinical reasoning, often supported by CDSS. The use of CDSS may trigger interactional workability dilemmas. DESIGN: Qualitative study using principles of a grounded theory approach following COREQ criteria for qualitative research. METHODS: Audio-stimulated recall interviews were conducted amongst twenty-four telephone triage nurses at nine out-of-hours primary care centres (OHS-PC). RESULTS: Telephone triage nurses use clinical reasoning elements for urgency assessment. Typically in telephone triage, they interpret the vocal-but not worded-elements in communication (paralanguage) such as tone of voice and shortness of breath and create a mental image to compensate for lack of visual information. We confirmed that interactional workability dilemmas occur. Congruence, established when the CDSS supports the triage nurses' decision-making, is essential for the CDSS' value. If congruence is absent, triage nurses may apply four working strategies: (a) tinker to make CDSS final recommendation align with their own assessment, (b) overrule the CDSS recommendation, (c) comply with the CDSS recommendation or (d) transfer responsibility to the GP. CONCLUSION: Triage nurses who assess urgency may experience absence of congruence between the CDSS and their decision-making. Awareness of how triage nurses reason and make decisions about urgency and what aspects influence their working strategies can help in achieving optimal triage of callers suspected of acute cardiac events at OHS-PC. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Triage nurses' reasoning and their working strategies are vital for outcome of triage decisions. Understanding these processes is essential for CDSS developers and OHS-PC managers, who should value how triage nurses interact with the CDSS, while they have the benefit of callers in mind.

Measurement and Validation of Primary Care Nursing Indicators Based on a Wound Care Tracer Condition.

BACKGROUND: Access to both valid and reliable nursing-sensitive indicators is currently limited in primary care. PURPOSE: The objectives were to (1) measure primary care nursing indicators using a wound care tracer condition and (2) study the associations between process and outcome indicators. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal study in an ambulatory care clinic in Quebec, Canada. The sample included 482 episodes of care. We studied 5 indicators related to processes and 3 to outcomes. RESULTS: Performance levels were moderately high for indicators of initial assessment and duration and low for those of continuity and education. Associations between nursing follow-up and continuity indicators and 3 outcome indicators were highly significant. CONCLUSION: Continuity and nursing follow-up are associated with improved outcomes. Increasing these indicators' performance level can improve both nursing processes and patient outcomes.

Health benefits and costs of weight-loss dietary counselling by nurses in primary care: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of brief weight-loss counselling by dietitian-trained practice nurses, in a high-income-country case study. DESIGN: A literature search of the impact of dietary counselling on BMI was performed to source the 'best' effect size for use in modelling. This was combined with multiple other input parameters (e.g. epidemiological and cost parameters for obesity-related diseases, likely uptake of counselling) in an established multistate life-table model with fourteen parallel BMI-related disease life tables using a 3 % discount rate. SETTING: New Zealand (NZ). PARTICIPANTS: We calculated quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained and health-system costs over the remainder of the lifespan of the NZ population alive in 2011 (n 4·4 million). RESULTS: Counselling was estimated to result in an increase of 250 QALY (95 % uncertainty interval -70, 560 QALY) over the population's lifetime. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 2011 $NZ 138 200 per QALY gained (2018 $US 102 700). Per capita QALY gains were higher for Maori (Indigenous population) than for non-Maori, but were still not cost-effective. If willingness-to-pay was set to the level of gross domestic product per capita per QALY gained (i.e. 2011 $NZ 45 000 or 2018 $US 33 400), the probability that the intervention would be cost-effective was 2 %. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides modelling-level evidence that brief dietary counselling for weight loss in primary care generates relatively small health gains at the population level and is unlikely to be cost-effective.

Conhecimento e implementação das práticas integrativas e complementares pelos enfermeiros da atenção básica / Knowledge and implementation of integrative and complementary practices by primary care nurses / Conocimiento e implementación de las prácticas integrativas y complementarias por los enfermeros de la atención básica

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento e a aplicação das práticas integrativas e complementares pelos enfermeiros da atenção básica. Métodos: É uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa envolvendo 19 enfermeiros da atenção básica do município de Mossoró situado no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, aprovada pelo comitê de ética e pesquisa sob o parecer 2.113.411. Resultados: Identificou-se quatro categorias: conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre práticas integrativas; a não implementação das práticas integrativas e complementares na assistência do enfermeiro; implementação das práticas integrativas e complementares na assistência do enfermeiro; e as práticas são importantes para o cuidado em saúde. Conclusão: O conhecimento sobre a politica nacional de práticas integrativas e complementares, a variabilidade e a finalidade de tais práticas ainda se apresenta limitado, a solução para o conhecimento e implementação deficitários seria o ensino, seja ele na graduação ou na vida profissional

Objective: The study's purpose has been to identify the understanding and implementation of integrative and complementary practices by primary care nurses. Methods: It is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach that counted with the participation of 19 primary care nurses. This study took place in the municipality of Mossoró located in the Rio Grande do Norte State, being approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the Legal Opinion No. 2.113.411. Results: The following four categories were identified: nurses' knowledge regarding integrative practices; failure to implement integrative and complementary practices in nursing care; implementation of integrative and complementary practices in nursing care; and, the professional practices are important for health care. Conclusion: The knowledge concerning the national policy for integrative and complementary practices, the variability and the purpose of such practices is still limited. Bearing this in mind, the solution for such understanding and deficient implementation would be through teaching, being it during either graduation or professional life

Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento e implementación de las prácticas integrativas y complementarias por los enfermeros de la atención básica. Métodos: Es una investigación descriptiva de abordaje cualitativo involucrando a 19 enfermeras de la atención básica del municipio de Mossoró, localizado en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte, aprobado por el comité de ética e investigación bajo la opinión 2.111.411. Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro categorías: conocimiento de enfermeros sobre prácticas integrativas; la no implementación de prácticas integrativas y complementarias en cuidados de enfermería; implementación de prácticas integradoras y complementarias en cuidados; y prácticas de enfermería son importantes para la atención de salud. Conclusión: El conocimiento sobre la política nacional de prácticas integrativas y complementarias, la variabilidad y el propósito de las mismas todavía está limitado, de esa forma, la solución sería la enseñanza

Aplicação do modelo de Roper, Logan e Tierney com pessoas em situação de rua / Application of the Roper, Logan and Tierney model to homeless people / Aplicación del modelo de Roper, Logan y Tierney a personas de la calle

Objetivo: identificar as atividades de vida diárias com dependência de cuidados de enfermagem. Método: estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa realizado com 52 pessoas em situação de rua na cidade de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Utilizou-se o modelo de atividade de vida diária proposto por Roper, Logan e Tierney para nortear a coleta e análise de dados. Resultados: as atividades de vida com maior dependência de cuidados são: alimentação, devido consumo irregular de nutrientes básicos, que promove um estado de desnutrição permanente, outra atividade foi trabalho e distração, pois os mesmos não possuem remuneração fixa e vivem do que arrecadam ao realizar atividades que geram pequenas quantias monetárias, além das atividades, morte, sexualidade, sono, respiração e eliminação, as quais também se revelaram comprometidas. Conclusão: a utilização do modelo com pessoas em situação de rua proporcionou abordagem holística aos indivíduos, por favorecer a investigação dos fatores que interferem na manutenção da saúde

Objetivo: identificar las actividades de la vida cotidiana con dependencia del cuidado de enfermeira. Método: estudio exploratorio con un enfoque cualitativo realizado con 52 personas en situación de calle en Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. El modelo de actividad de la vida diaria propuesto por Ropen, Logan y Tierney se utilizó para guiar la recolección y el análisis de datos. Resultados: las actividades de vida con mayor dependencia de cuidados son: alimentación, debido consumo irregular de nutrientes básicos, que promueve un estado de desnutrición permanente, otra actividad fue trabajo y distracción, pues los mismos no poseen remuneración fija y viven de lo que recaudan al realizar actividades que generan pequeñas cantidades monetarias, además de las actividades, muerte, sexualidad, sueño, respiración y eliminación, las cuales también se revelaron comprometidas. Conclusión: la utilización del modelo con personas en situación de calle proporcionó un enfoque holístico a los individuos, por favorecer la investigación de los factores que interfieren en el mantenimiento de la salud

Objective: identify daily Activities of Daily Living with dependence on nursing care. Method: exploratory study with a qualitative approach performed with 52 people in a street situation in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. The daily Daily Living Activity model proposed by Ropen, Logan and Tierney was used to guide the data collection and analysis. Results: the activities of life with greater dependence on care are: food, due to irregular consumption of basic nutrients, which promotes a state of permanent malnutrition; another activity was work and entertainment, because they do not have fixed remuneration and live on what they collect by performing activities that generate small amounts of Money, besides activities such as death, sex, sleep, breathing and elimination, which are also compromised. Conclusion: the use of the model with people living on the street provided a holistic view of individuals, favoring the investigation of the factors that interfere in the maintenance of health

What predicts regression from pre-diabetes to normal glucose regulation following a primary care nurse-delivered dietary intervention? A study protocol for a prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Pre-diabetes is a high-risk state for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Regression to normoglycaemia, even if transient, significantly reduces the risk of developing T2DM. The primary aim of this mixed-methods study is to determine if there are clinically relevant differences among those with pre-diabetes and excess weight who regress to normoglycaemia, those who have persistent pre-diabetes and those who progress to T2DM following participation in a 6-month primary care nurse-delivered pre-diabetes dietary intervention. Incidence of T2DM at 2 years will be examined. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Four hundred participants with pre-diabetes (New Zealand definition glycated haemoglobin 41-49 mmol/mol) and a body mass index >25 kg/m2 will be recruited through eight primary care practices in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. Trained primary care nurses will deliver a 6-month structured dietary intervention, followed by quarterly reviews for 18 months post-intervention. Clinical data, data on lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and blood samples will be collected at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. Sixty participants purposefully selected will complete a semi-structured interview following the 6-month intervention. Poisson regression with robust standard errors and clustered by practice will be used to identify predictors of regression or progression at 6 months, and risk factors for developing T2DM at 2 years. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically. Changes in HR-QoL will be described and potential cost savings will be estimated from a funder's perspective at 2 years. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Northern A Health and Disability Ethics Committee, New Zealand (Ethics Reference: 17/NTA/24). Study results will be presented to participants, published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12617000591358; Pre-results.

Quality of life in the climacteric of nurses working in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the quality of life of primary care nurses in the climacteric. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, performed with 98 female nurses, aged 40-65 years, using the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. RESULTS: the worst level of quality of life was observed for professionals aged 50-59 years, non-white, specialists, divorced or widowed, with children, a lower income, with another employment relationship, a weekly workload of more than 40 hours, who consumed alcoholic beverages weekly, with chronic disease, in continuous use of medications, sedentary, who did not menstruate and did not receive hormonal treatment, and who went through menopause between the ages of 43-47 years. CONCLUSION: Although the variables "physical activity" and "age" have a statistically significant association with quality of life, other variables seem to interfere in these professionals' lives, indicating the need for a more critical and deep reflection on these relations.

Eficiencia de la actividad de enfermería en policlínicos / Nursing efficiency in polyclinics

Introducción: La actividad de enfermería en los policlínicos es fundamental para alcanzar los resultados de salud que se desean en la población. Brindar estos servicios con eficiencia es un reto y un encargo actual en aras de lograr una mejor utilización de los recursos asignados. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficiencia del trabajo de enfermería en policlínicos de La Habana. Método: Se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva transversal en la totalidad de los policlínicos del municipio Diez de Octubre. Se tomó como base metodológica el algoritmo para el estudio de la eficiencia en unidades del primer nivel de atención de salud en Cuba que emplea el Análisis Envolvente de Datos. Se utilizaron cuatro indicadores de resultados y uno de recursos. Resultados: De los ocho policlínicos, solo cuatro resultaron eficientes. Dos resultaron unidades de mejor práctica y fueron par de referencia para la mayoría de los ineficientes. Las principales reservas de la eficiencia están en el cumplimiento insuficiente de las actividades de seguimiento a pacientes priorizados. Las unidades con mayor nivel de calificación del personal no alcanzaron la eficiencia. Conclusiones: Se determinaron niveles altos de eficiencia técnica pura para la actividad de enfermería en los policlínicos, no obstante, dada la presencia de unidades ineficientes se debe continuar investigando en esta temática. Existen unidades para las cuales hay un nivel de ineficiencia estructuralmente determinada, que para resolverla es necesario un análisis de la distribución y consumo de recursos en el municipio(AU)

Introduction: Nursing activity in polyclinics is fundamental to achieve the expected health results in the population. Offering those services with efficiency is both a challenge and a current endeavor aimed at achieving a better use of the resources allocated. Objective: Evaluate nursing efficiency in Havana polyclinics. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted of all the polyclinics in the municipality of Diez de Octubre. The methodological foundation of the study was the algorithm for efficiency assessment in Cuban primary health care units, based on data envelopment analysis. Use was made of four indicators for results and one for resources. Results: Of the eight polyclinics, only four were found to be efficient. Two were best practice units and served as reference for most of the inefficient polyclinics. The main efficiency reserves had to do with poor compliance with follow-up activities for priority patients. The units with the most highly qualified personnel did not achieve the desired efficiency. Conclusions: High levels of pure technical efficiency were determined for nursing activity in the polyclinics. However, given the existence of inefficient units, further research should be conducted about the topic. In a number of units there is a structurally determined level of inefficiency to solve which it is necessary to perform an analysis of the distribution and consumption of resources in the municipality(AU)

Acompanhamento de pessoas com câncer por enfermeiros da atenção primária / Acompañamiento de personas con cáncer por enfermeros de la atención primaria / Follow-up of People with Cancer by Primary Health Care Nurses

Introdução: O acompanhamento de pessoas com câncer tem o papel não só de estabelecer a construção e o fortalecimento do vínculo entre usuário, família e unidade de saúde, como também permite que a equipe possa prestar uma assistência de qualidade, priorizando as necessidades do indivíduo. Objetivo: Compreender o processo de acompanhamento de pessoas com câncer por enfermeiros da atenção primária. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com uso da abordagem qualitativa, realizado com dez enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família de um município do nordeste do Brasil. Foram feitas entrevistas, cujos depoimentos foram transcritos na íntegra e analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo modalidade temática. Resultados: Verificou-se que o acompanhamento de pessoas com câncer é feito através das visitas domiciliares onde são realizados cuidados de acordo com as necessidades individuais, entretanto esse cuidado demanda suporte de uma equipe multiprofissional, bem como a utilização da rede de atenção à saúde. Conclusão: Desvelou-se que os enfermeiros necessitam de suporte e capacitação para o acompanhamento aos usuários com câncer(AU)

Introducción: El seguimiento de las personas con cáncer tiene el papel no solo de establecer la construcción y el fortalecimiento del vínculo entre el usuario, la familia y la unidad de salud, sino que también permite que el equipo pueda prestar una asistencia de calidad, priorizando las necesidades del individuo. Objetivo: Comprender el proceso de seguimiento de personas con cáncer por enfermeros de la atención primaria. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con uso del abordaje cualitativo, realizado con diez enfermeros de la estrategia salud de la familia de un municipio del nordeste de Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas, cuyos testimonios fueron transcritos en su totalidad y analizados por medio de la técnica de análisis de contenido modalidad temática. Resultados: Se verificó que el acompañamiento de personas con cáncer es hecho a través de las visitas domiciliarias, donde se realizan cuidados de acuerdo con las necesidades individuales. Sin embargo, ese cuidado demanda soporte de un equipo multiprofesional, así como la utilización de la red de atención a la salud. Conclusión: Se desveló que los enfermeros necesitan apoyo y capacitación para el acompañamiento a los usuarios con cáncer(AU)

Introduction: The follow-up of people with cancer has the role not only of establishing the construction and strengthening of the link between the user, the family and the health unit, but also allows the team to provide quality care, prioritizing the needs of the individual. Objective: To understand the process of following up people with cancer by primary care nurses. Methods: This is a descriptive study using the qualitative approach, conducted with ten nurses from the family health strategy of a municipality in northeastern Brazil. Interviews were conducted, whose testimonies were fully transcribed and analyzed by means of the thematic modality content analysis technique. Results: It was verified that the follow-up of people with cancer is performed through home visits, where care is carried out according to individual needs. However, this care demands support from a multi-professional team, as well as the use of the health care network. Conclusion: It was revealed that nurses need support and training to follow up cancer users(AU)

Transforming the Workforce for Primary Palliative Care Through a System-Wide Educational Initiative.

Palliative care (PC) is a national and global priority, yet there is insufficient knowledge regarding PC among generalist clinicians. An interdisciplinary educational initiative was implemented to enhance a hospital workforce's PC knowledge and skills. More than 1000 clinicians attended at least 1 of 27 educational offerings. Measurable gains were evident in key outcome measures including PC referrals and advanced directive documentation. Changes reflected a transformation of workforce culture and resulted in 2 national awards for improving PC.

Actividad de enfermería en consultorios del médico y la enfermera de la familia de La Habana / Nursing Activity in Family Doctor's and Nurse's Offices of Havana

RESUMEN Introducción: Se desconoce si el personal de enfermería del consultorio del médico y la enfermera de la familia cumple con las actividades asignadas, ni cómo consume los recursos. Objetivo: Describir las actividades y los recursos consumidos por el personal de enfermería en los consultorios del médico y la enfermera de la familia. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva transversal. Se estudió la totalidad de los consultorios del médico y la enfermera de la familia de tres policlínicos del municipio Diez de Octubre en 2016. Se utilizaron seis indicadores de actividades y cuatro de recursos. Se emplearon la mediana, la media, el mínimo, el máximo y se aplicaron pruebas para comparación de medias y proporciones. Resultados: En dos de los tres policlínicos, menos de la mitad de los consultorios cumplieron el seguimiento del programa materno infantil (mediana 67,69 por ciento y 36,25 por ciento), ninguno cumplió el seguimiento a los grupos especiales (mediana 46,02 por ciento y 38,38 por ciento) ni a los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas (mediana 17,46 por ciento y 1,92 por ciento) o con enfermedades transmisibles (mediana 0,00 por ciento). Solo en un policlínico todos los consultorios cumplieron con la citología vaginal (mediana 117,16). El mayor gasto fue por recursos humanos y fue similar entre las unidades (10122,44 CUP a 10997,29 CUP). Conclusiones: El funcionamiento fue dispar. Si bien hubo consultorios del médico y la enfermera de la familia que cumplieron con la mayoría de las actividades previstas con gastos similares o menores al resto, en otros, el trabajo quedó muy por debajo de lo establecido, aunque con gastos iguales o mayores al resto(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is unknown if the nursing staff of the family doctor's and nurse's office fulfills the assigned activities, or how they consume the resources. Objective: To describe the activities and resources consumed by the nursing staff of the family doctor's and nurse's office. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive research. All the family doctor's and nurse's offices belonging to three outpatient polyclinics of Diez de Octubre Municipality were studied in 2016. Six indicators of activities and four of resources were used. The median, average, minimum, maximum were used, and tests were applied to compare means and proportions. Results: In two of the three outpatient polyclinics, less than half of the medical offices fulfilled the follow-up of the maternal and child program (median 67.69 percent and 36.25 percent), none complied with the follow-up of special groups (median 46.02 percent and 38.38 percent), or to patients with chronic diseases (median 17.46 percent and 1.92 percent) or with communicable diseases (median 0.00 percent). Only for one outpatient polyclinic all the medical offices fulfilled the vaginal cytology (median 117,16). The highest expenditure was in human resources and similar among the units (10122.44 CUP to 10997.29 CUP). Conclusions: The medical office running was uneven. Although there were family doctor's and nurse's offices that fulfilled most of the planned activities with expenses similar or less than the rest, in others, the work was well below what was established, although with expenses equal to or greater than the rest(AU)

Feelings of pleasure of nurses working in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: identify the sources that generate feelings of pleasure at work in the perception of primary care nurses. METHODS: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, developed with eleven nurses working in Primary Health Care Units. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, systematized and analyzed using Bardin's content analysis technique and based on the theoretical framework of Psychodynamics of Work. RESULTS: pleasure at work was related to the resolubility of the nurse's work, interpersonal relationship with the team, therapeutic relationship with the community, positive professional return, identification with work in nursing and public health. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The factors that generate feelings of pleasure may contribute to guide actions that value the optimization of the nurses' work and, consequently, the care provided to the primary care user.

Feelings of pleasure of nurses working in primary care / Sentimientos de placer de las enfermeras que trabajan en la atención primaria / Sentimentos de prazer no trabalho das enfermeiras na atenção básica

ABSTRACT Objective: identify the sources that generate feelings of pleasure at work in the perception of primary care nurses. Methods: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, developed with eleven nurses working in Primary Health Care Units. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, systematized and analyzed using Bardin's content analysis technique and based on the theoretical framework of Psychodynamics of Work. Results: pleasure at work was related to the resolubility of the nurse's work, interpersonal relationship with the team, therapeutic relationship with the community, positive professional return, identification with work in nursing and public health. Final considerations: The factors that generate feelings of pleasure may contribute to guide actions that value the optimization of the nurses' work and, consequently, the care provided to the primary care user.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las fuentes que generan sensaciones de placer en el trabajo en la percepción del personal de enfermería de atención primaria. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo con un abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado con once enfermeras que trabajan en las Unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, se sistematizaron y analizaron utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido de Bardin y se basaron en el marco teórico de la Psicodinámica del Trabajo. Resultados: el placer en el trabajo estaba relacionado con la resolución del trabajo de la enfermera, la relación interpersonal con el equipo, la relación terapéutica con la comunidad, el retorno profesional positivo, la identificación con el trabajo en la enfermería y en la salud pública. Consideraciones finales: los factores que generan sensaciones de placer pueden contribuir a orientar acciones que valoren la optimización del trabajo de las enfermeras y, en consecuencia, la atención al usuario de la atención primaria.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as fontes geradoras de sentimentos de prazer no trabalho na percepção de enfermeiras da atenção básica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com onze enfermeiras atuantes em Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, sistematizados e analisados utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin e fundamentada no referencial teórico da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Resultados: O prazer no trabalho foi relacionado à resolutividade do trabalho do enfermeiro, relacionamento interpessoal com a equipe, relacionamento terapêutico com a comunidade, retorno profissional positivo, identificação com o trabalho na enfermagem e na saúde pública. Considerações finais: Os fatores geradores de sentimentos de prazer podem contribuir para orientar ações que prezem pela otimização do trabalho dos enfermeiros e, por conseguinte, do cuidado prestado ao usuário do serviço da atenção básica.

An evaluation of general practice nurses' knowledge of chronic kidney disease risk factors and screening practices following completion of a case study-based asynchronous e-learning module.

National and international guidelines recommend opportunistic screening for chronic kidney disease to allow for early detection and management. Despite these guidelines, screening for chronic kidney disease in general practice settings is often suboptimal. This paper reports the results of a study that evaluated: (a) the effect of an asynchronous web-based e-learning module on general practice nurses' knowledge about chronic kidney disease risk factors and screening practices; and (b) general practice nurses' perceived satisfaction with the e-learning module. Changes in chronic kidney disease knowledge were assessed using a pre-test and post-test evaluative design, and satisfaction scores were measured on completion of the module. Participants' baseline knowledge scores were poor, with mean pre-test scores of 3.77 (s.d. 1.66) out of 10. Post-test scores revealed a significant improvement (mean difference 1.81, (95% CI: 1.53 - 2.09), P < 0.01); however, overall final scores remained inadequate. Participants highly rated their satisfaction with the design of the module. Our results suggest that an asynchronous web-based e-learning module can improve general practice nurses' knowledge about chronic kidney disease risk factors and screening practice. Efforts are required to increase practice nurses' access to educational opportunities designed to improve knowledge in this area with the aim of increasing opportunistic screening for chronic kidney disease in the general practice setting.