Correlates of burnout and dropout intentions in medical students: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Burnout is a pervasive issue among medical students, exhibiting a high prevalence that jeopardizes their academic success and may also predispose them to more severe affective disorders such as depression. This study aims to explore the complex relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), general social support, educational satisfaction, and burnout, and how these factors collectively influence dropout intentions. METHODS: A non-probabilistic convenience sample was collected through an online survey from first- and second-year medical students at a Faculty of Medicine in Portugal. The survey employed psychometric instruments to measure burnout (BAT-12), social support (F-SozU K-6), PsyCap (CPC-12R), satisfaction with education, and dropout intentions (Screening Instrument for Students At-Risk of Dropping Out). Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the data from 351 participants. RESULTS: The model demonstrated a significant positive association between burnout and dropout intentions (ß̂ = 0.37; p < 0.001), underscoring burnout as a direct correlate of dropout intentions alongside educational satisfaction (ß̂ = -0.25; p = 0.003) and PsyCap (ß̂ = -0.22; p = 0.005). Higher social support is associated with reduced burnout (ß̂ = -0.28; p < 0.001) and increased educational satisfaction (ß̂ = 0.22; p = 0.002). LIMITATIONS: The non-probabilistic sampling method prevents the generalization of the findings. The cross-sectional data do not permit the inference of temporal relationships between the studied variables. CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the importance that burnout may have on dropout intentions, and contribute to the understanding of affective syndromes such as burnout in educational settings.

Self-rated health and its bidirectional relationship with burnout, sleep quality and somatic symptoms in a general adult population.

The aim of this study was to investigate how self-rated health (SRH) reflects ongoing ill-health and how SRH is associated with previous ill-health and/or predicts future ill-health such as burnout, disturbed sleep, and somatic symptoms. The study used two waves from the population-based Västerbotten Environmental and Health Study in which 2 336 adult persons participated by answering a questionnaire at two time points three years apart. Hierarchical and logistic regression analyses were conducted, thus treating all variables both continuously (degree) and categorically (case). The analyses were performed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The results showed bidirectionality between suboptimal SRH and burnout, disturbed sleep and somatic severity caseness. Moreover, degree of poor SRH was more likely to occur simultaneously to high degrees of burnout and somatic severity than to degree of poor sleep quality. Also, caseness of burnout, disturbed sleep and somatic severity increased the risk of simultaneous suboptimal SRH. Finally, the results showed that degree of burnout three years earlier, predicted degree of poor SRH, and that degree of poor SRH predicted degree of sleep three years later. In conclusion, in a population-based, normal adult sample there is a bidirectional relationship between suboptimal SRH and caseness of burnout, disturbed sleep quality and somatic symptoms, but not between degree of these symptoms. The results can have implications for health care meeting patients complaining about poor general health.

Academic burnout syndrome among medical students in Serbia: prevalence of high risk and determinants.

BACKGROUND: Although burnout syndrome has been described in numerous research studies, the data on burnout syndrome among medical students in developing countries is scanty. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk for burnout syndrome and its associated factors among university undergraduate medical students in Serbia. METHODS: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and a survey on associated factors. The research was carried out from February to March 2014. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (Odds Ratio, OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) in order to identify independent correlates of high risk of burnout syndrome. RESULTS: A high risk for burnout syndrome was noted in 15.0% of respondents; that is, 114/760 medical students suffered from high emotional exhaustion, high cynicism, and low academic efficiency. According to the results of multivariate logistic regression, the main significant independent correlates of high risk for burnout syndrome in medical students were: age of students (for aged 22-24: adjusted OR = 5.64, 95%CI = 2.58-12.34, p < 0.001 for aged ≥ 25: adjusted OR = 5.65, 95%CI = 2.08-15.39, p = 0.001) with p for trend < 0.001, higher frequency of alcohol consumption (for habit 1-2 times a week: adjusted OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.01-4.03, p = 0.048) with p for trend = 0.025, and use of sedatives (adjusted OR = 3.44, 95%CI = 1.31-9.04; p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: The present study identified several factors associated with burnout syndrome in Serbian medical students. Some factors associated with the high risk of burnout syndrome in medical students are modifiable. It is important to carry out similar research on burnout syndrome in the future, especially using longitudinal studies, in order to evaluate the associations found in this cross-sectional study.

School burnout and schoolwork engagement profiles among French high school students: Associations with perceived academic stress and social support.

Adolescents' well-being at school is positively affected by social support from parents, teachers, and peers and negatively affected by academic stress. However, little is known about how specific academic stressors are related to study-related well-being profiles. This study used a person-centered approach to identify the profiles of high school students based on their school burnout (i.e., exhaustion and cynicism) and engagement levels to examine their associated levels of perceived academic stress, social support, and sociodemographic characteristics. Using cluster analysis on a sample of 540 high school students (67.8% girls), we identified five profiles labeled "Engaged" (22.4%), "Relaxed" (18.9%), "Overextended" (25.6%), "Disengaged" (17.6%), and "Burned out" (15.4%). The "Engaged" and "Relaxed" groups experienced similar levels of perceived social support, but the "Engaged" students showed higher academic stress levels. The "Overextended" group displayed high academic stress with lower social support, while the "Disengaged" group showed low stress with low social support. Finally, the "Burned out" group displayed the highest academic stress and the lowest perceived support. Results are discussed within the demands-resources model of school burnout and clinical implications are presented for each profile.

Association between anxiety, depression symptoms, and academic burnout among Chinese students: the mediating role of resilience and self-efficacy.

BACKGROUND: To explore the associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and academic burnout among children and adolescents in China, and to examine the role of resilience and self-efficacy in addressing academic burnout. METHODS: A total of 2,070 students in grades 4-8 were recruited from two primary and three middle schools in Shanghai, completed the Elementary School Student Burnout Scale (ESSBS), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-Chinese (MASC-C), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), with 95.04% effective response rate. Multivariable regression analyses examining the associations between anxiety / depression symptoms and academic burnout (as well as the associations between resilience / self-efficacy and academic burnout) were performed using STATA 16.0 and SmartPLS 3.0. RESULTS: Anxiety symptoms (ß = 0.124, p < 0.01) and depression symptoms (ß = 0.477, p < 0.01) were positively correlated with academic burnout. Resilience partially mediated the association between depression symptoms and academic burnout (ß = 0.059, p < 0.01), with a mediation rate of 12.37%. Self-efficacy partially mediated the associations between anxiety symptoms and academic burnout (ß = 0.022, p < 0.01) and between depression symptoms and academic burnout (ß = 0.017, p < 0.01), with mediation rates of 17.74% and 3.56%, respectively. Resilience and self-efficacy together (ß = 0.041, p < 0.01) formed a mediating chain between depression symptoms and academic burnout, with a mediation rate of 8.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depression symptoms were positively associated with academic burnout. Resilience and self-efficacy were found to mediate the associations partially.

Could school climate moderate the relationship between school bullying patterns and academic burnout in Chinese adolescents: A large cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Students who are bullied not only affect academic performance, but also produce a range of psychological problems. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between school bullying and academic burnout among Chinese students, assuming school climate to play a moderating role in the aforementioned relationship. This study provides corresponding intervention strategies and reference data for the prevention and treatment of bullying in schools. METHODS: The data was obtained by a cross-sectional survey of 20,730 Chinese students from 23rd May to 23rd June 2022. Multiple linear regressions and Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) were used to examine the hypotheses. RESULTS: This study revealed that all dimensions of school bullying and school bullying level (ß = -0.09; 95 % CI, -4.946, -3.833) were associated with academic burnout. Verbal bullying (ß = 0.15; 95 % CI, 1.689, 1.972) had the strongest association with academic burnout, followed by social (ß = 0.14; 95 % CI, 1.496, 1.779) and physical bullying (ß = 0.13; 95 % CI, 1.451, 1.734), while cyber bullying (ß = 0.08; 95 % CI, 0.847, 1.127) had the weakest association with academic burnout. In addition, school climate can moderate the association between school bullying and academic burnout. Students who experienced school bullying and in bad school climate showed elevated levels of academic. LIMITATIONS: This study used cross-sectional data, preventing us from drawing conclusions about causation. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that creating a harmonious school climate and reducing school bullying may effectively alleviate academic burnout caused by school climate and school bullying.

Associations between parenting burnout and maternal adverse childhood experiences among postnatal women.

This study aims at exploring the relationships between adverse childhood experience (ACEs) and parental burnout. A total of 583 postnatal Chinese mothers were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Maternal ACEs were measured by Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire-Revised and parental burnout was measured by Parental Burnout Assessment. Multiple linear and binary logistic regression, and latent class analysis were used to explore the association between each type and cumulative ACEs and parental burnout. We found ACEs were associated with a higher risk of parental burnout. However, the association differed in the type of ACEs. The higher levels of physical abuse (B = 0.971 ~ 0.459, all p < 0.05) and emotional neglect (B = 1.010 ~ 1.407, all p < 0.05) in childhood were correlated with more serious parental burnout. The higher levels of self-threatened (B = 0.429 ~ 0.559, all p < 0.05) and self-deprived experience (B = 0.384 ~ 0.462, all p < 0.05), higher number of ACEs type (B = 2.909 ~ 3.918, all p < 0.05) were associated with more serious parental burnout. Results were consistent after combining four dimensions of parental burnout as a whole in LCA. This study indicated that maternal ACEs were associated with parental burnout. Women with self-deprived, self-threatened and more types of ACEs should be paid special attention.

High risk of burnout syndrome and associated factors in medical students: A cross-sectional analytical study.

INTRODUCTION: Although research on burnout syndrome in medical students has increased in recent years, results are inconsistent about which factors are associated with a high risk for burnout syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome and to identify factors associated with burnout in medical students in preclinical and clinical training. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Kragujevac, Serbia. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey and an epidemiological questionnaire on basic socio-demographic and academic characteristics were used. Statistical evaluation was performed through logistic regression analysis, using Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). RESULTS: Among medical students, no statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome in preclinical (14.8%) and clinical grade (15.1%), p > 0.05. High risk for burnout syndrome in preclinical study years was independently associated with the female sex (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19-0.91, p = 0.028), and cigarette smoking (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95%CI = 1.05-5.78, p = 0.038). The high risk of burnout syndrome was associated with sedatives use (adjusted OR = 4.03, 95%CI = 1.27-12.73; p = 0.018) only in clinical years medical students. The frequency of alcohol consumption was correlated with the high risk of burnout syndrome in medical students in both preclinical and clinical training, but without statistical significance (both p for trend < 0.1). CONCLUSION: There was a significant prevalence of burnout among medical students, with some modifiable associated factors revealed.

Burnout Among Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the experience of diabetes burnout in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). In addition, aims included participant perspectives of risk and protective factors associated with burnout and ways to balance everyday life with diabetes self-management (DSM). METHODS: Young adults with T1DM (N = 11) were recruited through social media platforms and modified snowball sampling and interviewed. Informational redundancy was achieved. Qualitative thematic coding and analysis were conducted within and across transcripts. RESULTS: Diabetes burnout was described as the willingness to put diabetes and DSM on the "back burner" and let things slide due to exhaustion, frustration, apathy, and the desire to be like everyone else for a while. Risk and protective factors were identified along with strategies to achieve balance of DSM in everyday life. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a clear definition of diabetes burnout and acknowledges this concept as distinct and separate from other psychosocial conditions. Health care providers can utilize this information to identify individuals at risk for diabetes burnout and offer more effective support to lessen the overall burden associated with T1DM.

Is There a Burnout Epidemic among Medical Students? Results from a Systematic Review.

Background and Objectives: Medical students represent the ideal target group for promoting mental health and mental wellbeing, being exposed to specific risk factors, such as the content of medical training, the exposure to sickness and death, and a stressful academic routine. Medical students report high levels of cynicism and emotional exhaustion, which represent two of the essential features of burnout syndrome. In this systematic review, studies assessing the levels of burnout among medical students through validated tools worldwide were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A systematic review has been performed in order to identify studies: (1) focusing on samples of medical students; (2) evaluating burnout syndrome using validated tools; (3) providing prevalence data on burnout; and (4) written in English. Results: Out of the 5547 papers initially obtained, 64 were finally included in the analysis. The sample sizes ranged from 51 to 2682 participants. Almost all studies had a cross-sectional design; the Maslach Burnout Inventory and its related versions were the most frequently used assessment tools. The prevalence of burnout, which was stratified based on gender and academic stage, ranged from 5.6 to 88%. Burnout was mostly predicted by thoughts of stopping medical education, negative life events, lack of support, dissatisfaction, and poor motivation. Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout syndrome in medical students is quite heterogeneous, reaching a peak of 88% in some countries. However, several predictors have been identified, including negative life events or poor motivation. These findings highlight the need to develop preventive interventions targeting the future generation of medical doctors, in order to improve their coping strategies and resilience styles.

Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on stress and burnout among Ajman university (AU) medical students.

This study was conducted at AU to estimate the prevalence of stress and burnout among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to provide insights into the levels of stress and burnout experienced by medical students at AU and identify potential risk factors. The research methodology involved a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire among 215 College of Medicine AU students. The findings indicated that many participants experienced moderate stress levels, as revealed by data collected on a Likert scale. No significant differences in stress scores were found based on sex, but variations were observed among years of study and living status. An analysis of burnout using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory showed that over half of the participants experienced moderate levels of burnout. No significant differences in burnout were found based on gender, marital status, residence, GPA, motivation for enrolment, or nationality; however, variations were observed among different age groups and years of study. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and support systems to address stress and burnout among AU students by focusing on the identified risk factors. By implementing evidence-based strategies, AU can promote the well-being and resilience of medical students, thereby contributing to their overall success and the future of the healthcare workforce.

Differentiating 'pure' and comorbid self-identified burnout: Diagnostic and management implications.

OBJECTIVE: A previous study identified categorically differing scores on the Sydney Burnout Measure (SBM) between individuals with self-identified burnout with (n = 354) or without (n = 188) a history of mental illness. The current study examined whether the SBM's validity held in both scenarios. METHOD: The factorial structure and scores on the SBM measure were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Similar underlying symptom constructs were identified. The group with a mental illness history had higher general factor scores, suggesting more severe burnout. The group without such a history (and thus a 'purer' burnout state) had higher scores on the empathy loss factor, suggesting its greater specificity to burnout than to other psychological states. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout appears to be experienced similarly by those with and without a mental illness history as measured by the SBM.

Academic Burnout, Stress, and the Role of Resilience in a Sample of Saudi Arabian Medical Students.

Background: Medical school can be difficult and stressful. Academic burnout is described as exhaustion from curricular activities. Medical students are more likely to experience anxiety. Objective: This study investigated the level of academic burnout and stress as well as their level of resilience. Methods: Saudi medical students were surveyed in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. We used the following scales: Perceived Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, and the Connor-Davidson Brief Resilience Scale to assess stress, academic burnout, and resilience respectively. Results: The mean score for emotional exhaustion, 20.23 ± 6.8, indicated a high level of burnout among students. The students reported a moderate level of stress. Females, students who were single or lived away from home had higher levels of burnout in certain domains. Students with a higher level of resilience experienced less stress and burnout. Conclusion: Academic burnout has a negative impact on mental health. Effective interventions should be designed to assist students to cope better with stress and also identify solutions to avoid burnout. More research is needed to investigate the social and environmental factors contributing to medical student burnout.

Developmental changes in school burnout: The importance of sleep and problematic Internet use.

INTRODUCTION: School burnout remains a prevalent problem among adolescents; it is associated with low academic achievement and school dropout risk, in turn linked to a whole host of deleterious developmental outcomes. The current longitudinal study sought to better understand the developmental course of school burnout by testing whether poor sleep and problematic internet use each uniquely and additively explained the variance in school burnout over time. METHOD: Data were collected four times over 18 months, 6 months apart from N = 405 adolescents, grades 9 to 11. RESULTS: Sleep quality, but not quantity, was significantly associated with the school burnout intercept (ß = -0.29); no effects were found for the slope. Problematic internet use was also significantly associated with the intercept (ß = .44), but not the slope. In a combined model, both sleep quality and problematic internet use significantly predicted the school burnout intercept. The slope was only predicted by age (ß = -0.21). CONCLUSIONS: The study found partial support for the hypotheses that both poor sleep quality and problematic internet use predicted school burnout, intercept only, not the rate of change. The evidence suggests that school burnout increased across high school; however, the rate of increase slowed with age. In contrast to some previous work, study findings highlight the importance of separately considering both poor sleep and problematic internet use in understanding the development of school burnout during adolescence. N = 229.

Factors associated with burnout among frontline nurses in the post-COVID-19 epidemic era: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the risk of burnout among frontline nurses. However, the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors in the post-pandemic era remain unclear. This research aims to investigate burnout prevalence among frontline nurses in the post-pandemic period and pinpoint associated determinants in China. METHODS: From April to July 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out across multiple centers, focusing on frontline nurses who had been actively involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collection was done via an online platform. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was utilized to evaluate symptoms of burnout. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to pinpoint factors associated with burnout. RESULTS: Of the 2210 frontline nurses who participated, 75.38% scored over the cut-off for burnout. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that factors like being female [odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.29-0.58] and exercising 1-2 times weekly[OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.42-0.67] were protective factors against burnout. Conversely, having 10 or more night shifts per month[OR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.39-2.84], holding a master's degree or higher[OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.59-5.15], poor health status[OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.93-3.08] and [OR = 2.82, 95%CI = 1.80-4.43], under virus infection[OR = 7.12, 95%CI = 2.10-24.17], and elevated work-related stress[OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.17-2.00] were all associated with an elevated risk of burnout. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that post-pandemic burnout among frontline nurses is influenced by several factors, including gender, monthly night shift frequency, academic qualifications, weekly exercise frequency, health condition, and viral infection history. These insights can inform interventions aimed at safeguarding the mental well-being of frontline nurses in the post-pandemic period.

Burnout syndrome and its correlation with musculoskeletal disorders among physiotherapists in Saudi: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is a significant impact of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) on individuals of all ages, professions, and fields from various countries worldwide, leading to a negative impact on quality of life and overall health outcomes. The study was conducted to investigate the association between Burnout syndrome (BS) and MSDs among physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Physiotherapists of either gender and with no known co-morbidities and who were not suffering from recent injuries and accidents were included in the study. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to determine the level of burnout. Musculoskeletal disorders were analyzed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (NMQ). The chi-square test was used to observe the association between two categorical variables and a p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 133 participants were recruited and it was observed that 70 (53%) participants had low burnout levels (BoL). It was revealed that 65 (49%) had trouble in the neck and visited a physician clinic, 47 (35%) had trouble in the lower back during the last 12 months, 60 (45%) had trouble in the upper back during the last 12 months that prevented the normal activity and 13 (9.8%) participants had trouble in the shoulders during the last 7 days. History of chronic disease, education, practice setting, and smoking status with Burnout level was statistically significant. Trouble in the upper back, elbow, wrist/hands, hips/thighs, ankle/feet, and neck were also found to be significant. CONCLUSION: The outcomes revealed that a few demographic factors such as education, practice setting, smoking status, and chronic disease history were significantly associated with BS. Furthermore, it was observed that MSD had a significant impact on BoL.

Burnout and depression in college students.

Research on burnout has garnered considerable attention since its inception. However, the ongoing debate persists regarding the conceptual model of burnout and its relationship with depression. Thus, we conducted a network analysis to determine the dimensional structure of burnout and the burnout-depression overlap. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to measure burnout and depression among 1096 college students. We constructed networks for burnout, depression, and a burnout-depression co-occurrence network. The results showed that cynicism symptom was the most central to the burnout network. In the co-occurrence network, depressive symptoms ("anhedonia", "fatigue") and burnout symptom ("doubting the significance of studies") were the most significant in causing burnout-depression comorbidity. Community detection revealed three communities within burnout symptoms, aligning closely with their three dimensions identified through factor analysis. Additionally, there was no overlap between burnout and depression. In conclusion, our findings support a multidimensional structure of burnout, affirming it as a distinct concept separate from depression. Cynicism, rather than exhaustion, plays the most important role in burnout and the burnout-depression comorbidity.

Burnout increased among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Generally, university students are at risk of burnout. This likely was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate burnout prevalence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine its distribution across countries, sexes, fields of study, and time-period. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, World Health Organization's Global COVID-19 database, Scopus, Epistemonikos, ERIC and Google Scholar were searched (protocol: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BYRXW ). Studies were independently screened and extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Study quality was appraised, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We identified 44 primary studies comprising 26,500 students. Global prevalence rates were 56.3% for high emotional exhaustion (EE), 55.3% for high cynicism (CY) and 41.8% for low personal accomplishment (PA). Prevalence of EE, CY, and PA domains varied significantly across fields of study, countries and WHO and World Bank regions, but not sex. All studies demonstrated good internal validity, although substantial heterogeneity existed between studies. The certainty of evidence was rated as moderate. Considering its potentially severe consequences, burnout is a significant public health concern. The development and implementation of evidence-based localized interventions at organizational and individual levels are necessary to mitigate burnout.

Impact of COVID-19 on Academic Burnout among Medical College Students in China: Findings from a Web-Based Survey.

BACKGROUND Academic burnout can affect students' academic behavior and performance and especially damages the careers of medical college students. Medical education systems during the COVID-19 pandemic have met unprecedented challenges that have influenced medical students. This study aimed to explore the effects of psychological resilience, stress, and smartphone addiction on academic burnout among Chinese medical students. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study utilized a cross-sectional design, from March 13, 2022 to March 31, 2022, within the Wannan Medical College, where students completed a web-based survey. The Chinese version of the Academic Burnout Scale (ABS), the 10-item Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) were used in this survey. Data entry and analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 22.0. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to examine the correlations between medical college students' academic burnout and smartphone addiction and mental health. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the factors influencing academic burnout. RESULTS Of 3190 medical college students who completed the survey, 1521 (47.7%) had some degree of academic burnout. Gender, being a student leader, grades, perceived stress, and smartphone addiction were associated with the total score of academic burnout. Psychological resilience and adapting to online classes were protective factors against academic burnout. CONCLUSIONS Academic burnout is common among medical college students in China after the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is urgent to address this situation to improve the quality of medical education.

Burnout and perceived stress among Italian physical therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

High levels of burnout and psychological distress have been reported for healthcare workers, with seemingly worse outcomes after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, to date, scarce evidence has been gathered about the condition of physical therapists. This cross-sectional study investigated the three burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and assessed perceived stress with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in a sample of Italian physical therapists with the aim of examining the relationships between these variables and demographic and work-related factors. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 671 professionals from the whole nation and associations between burnout, perceived stress, and work-related variables were investigated with descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Overall, 25% of the participants showed high burnout risk (40% scored high on emotional exhaustion, 36% scored high on depersonalization, and 19% scored low on personal accomplishment), whereas 50% reported high levels of perceived stress. Having been exposed to verbal or physical aggressive behaviors at work (OR = 4.06) was associated with high burnout risk, and participants at risk were significantly younger than those showing no burnout risk (d = 0.27). Having a partner (OR = 0.54) and having children (OR = 0.56) were associated on the other hand with reduced burnout risk. Regression models identified weekly working hours (ß = 0.16), exposure to aggressive behaviors at work (ß = 0.12), and perceived stress (ß = 0.66) as significant predictors of emotional exhaustion, gender (ß = 0.18), exposure to aggressive behaviors (ß = 0.09), and perceived stress (ß = 0.37) as predictors of depersonalization, and gender (ß=-0.1) and perceived stress (ß=-0.35) as predictors of personal accomplishment.In summary, this study found high rates of burnout and psychological distress among Italian physical therapists a year after the outbreak of COVID-19. Significant relations were found between burnout, psychological distress, and both socio-demographic and work-related variables.