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1.
Cells ; 13(17)2024 Aug 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39273008

RESUMO

The influence of gut microbiome, metabolites, omics, hormones, and stress on general and mental health is increasingly being recognized. Ancient cultures recognized the importance of diet and gut health on the overall health of an individual. Western science and modern scientific methods are beginning to unravel the foundations and mechanisms behind some of the ancient beliefs and customs. The gut microbiome, an organ itself, is now thought to influence almost all other organs, ranging from the brain to the reproductive systems. Gut microbiome, metabolites, hormones, and biological sex also influence a myriad of health conditions that range from mental health disorders, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, and cardiovascular diseases to reproductive health. Here, we review the history and current understanding of the gut-brain axis bidirectional talk in various mental health disorders with special emphasis on anxiety and depressive disorders, whose prevalence has increased by over 50% in the past three decades with COVID-19 pandemic being the biggest risk factor in the last few years. The vagal nerve is an important contributor to this bidirectional talk, but other pathways also contribute, and most remain understudied. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species seem to have the most impact on improvement in mental health symptoms, but the challenge appears to be maintaining sustained levels, especially since neither Lactobacillus nor Bifidobacterium can permanently colonize the gut. Ancient endogenous retroviral DNA in the human genome is also linked to several psychiatric disorders, including depression. These discoveries reveal the complex and intricately intertwined nature of gut health with mental health disorders.


Assuntos
Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/fisiologia , Transtornos Mentais/metabolismo , Transtornos Mentais/microbiologia , Metabolômica , Hormônios/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Saúde Mental , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/virologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Animais
2.
Gut Microbes ; 16(1): 2401939, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39259834

RESUMO

Early life stress alters gut microbiota and increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, including social deficits and anxiety, in the host. However, the role of gut commensal bacteria in early life stress-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities remains unclear. Using the maternally separated (MS) mice, our research has unveiled a novel aspect of this complex relationship. We discovered that the reduced levels of amino acid transporters in the intestine of MS mice led to low glutamine (Gln) levels in the blood and synaptic dysfunction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Abnormally low blood Gln levels limit the brain's availability of Gln, which is required for presynaptic glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) replenishment. Furthermore, MS resulted in gut microbiota dysbiosis characterized by a reduction in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri). Notably, supplementation with L. reuteri ameliorates neurobehavioral abnormalities in MS mice by increasing intestinal amino acid transport and restoring synaptic transmission in the mPFC. In conclusion, our findings on the role of L. reuteri in regulating intestinal amino acid transport and buffering early life stress-induced behavioral abnormalities provide a novel insight into the microbiota-gut-brain signaling basis for emotional behaviors.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Camundongos , Ansiedade/microbiologia , Ansiedade/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Sistemas de Transporte de Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Comportamento Animal , Disbiose/microbiologia , Privação Materna , Glutamina/metabolismo , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/fisiologia , Transmissão Sináptica , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo
3.
Brain Behav Immun ; 122: 256-265, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39163908

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Psychobiotic bacteria are probiotics able to influence stress-related behavior, sleep, and cognitive outcomes. Several in vitro and human studies were performed to assess their physiological potential, to find strains having psychotropic activity in humans, and to elucidate the metabolic pathways involved. In our previous in vitro study, we identified two strains Levilactobacillus brevis P30021 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P30025, able to produce GABA and acetylcholine, being promising candidates to provide an effect on mood and cognitive performance. AIM: To investigate the effects of probiotics in the alleviation on the cognitive performance of moderately stressed healthy adults. Secondary outcomes were related to mood improvement, production of GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, and choline and modification of the microbiota composition. METHODS: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study investigated the effects of a probiotic formulation (Levilactobacillus brevis P30021 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P30025) on psychological, memory, and cognition parameters in 44 (Probiotic = 44, Placebo = 43) adults with a mean age of 29 ± 5.7 years old by CogState Battery test. Subjects-inclusion criteria was a mild-moderate (18.7 ± 4.06) stress upon diagnosis using the DASS-42 questionnaire. RESULTS: Probiotic treatment had no effect on subjective stress measures. The probiotic formulation showed a significant beneficial effect on depressive symptoms by reducing cognitive reactivity to sad mood (p = 0.034). Rumination significantly improved after intake of the probiotic (p = 0.006), suggesting a potential benefit in reducing the negative cognitive effects associated with depression and improving overall mental health. When stratifying the treated subjects according to the response, we found an increase in the abundance of the probiotic genera in the gut microbiota of positive responders (p = 0.009 for Lactiplantibacillus and p = 0.004 for L.brevis). No relevant correlations were observed between the neurotransmitter concentration in the faecal sample, scores of LEIDS, DASS-42, and cognitive tests. CONCLUSION: We highlight the potential of this probiotic preparation to act as psycobiotics for the relief of negative mood feelings. The assessment of the psychotropic effects of dietary interventions in human participants has many challenges. Further interventional studies investigating the effect of these psychobiotic bacteria in populations with stressed-related disorders are required including longer period of intervention and larger sample size in order to verify the effects of the treatment on further stress-related indicators.


Assuntos
Afeto , Cognição , Estudos Cross-Over , Lactobacillus , Probióticos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico , Humanos , Método Duplo-Cego , Adulto , Probióticos/farmacologia , Masculino , Cognição/fisiologia , Feminino , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Levilactobacillus brevis/metabolismo
4.
Neuroscience ; 557: 24-36, 2024 Oct 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39128700

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on depression, and the potential molecular mechanism of EA in depression-like behaviors rats. METHODS: A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and EA (CUMS + EA). The rats in CUMS and EA groups underwent chronic stress for 10 weeks, and EA group rats received EA treatment for 4 weeks starting from week 7. Body weight and behavioral tests, including the sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swimming test (FST), and the open field test (OFT) were monitored. Gut microbiota composition was assessed via 16S rDNA sequencing, and lipid metabolism was analyzed by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology. RESULTS: In comparison to CUMS group, EA could improve the behavior including bodyweight, immovability time, sucrose preference index, crossing piece index and rearing times index. After 4 weeks of EA treatment, 5-HT in hippocampus, serum and colon of depressive rats were simultaneously increased, indicating a potential alleviation of depression-like behaviors. In future studies revealed that EA could regulate the distribution and functions of gut microbiota, and improve the intestinal barrier function of CUMS rats. The regulation of intestinal microbial homeostasis by EA may further affect lipid metabolism in CUMS rats, and thus play an antidepressant role. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that EA has potential antidepressant effects by regulating gut microbiota composition and abundance, subsequently affecting lipid metabolism.


Assuntos
Depressão , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eletroacupuntura , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Eletroacupuntura/métodos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Depressão/terapia , Depressão/microbiologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Ratos , Serotonina/metabolismo , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia
5.
Biomolecules ; 14(8)2024 Aug 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39199404

RESUMO

Numerous studies have evidenced that neuropsychiatric disorders (mental illness and emotional disturbances) with aggression (or violence) pose a significant challenge to public health and contribute to a substantial economic burden worldwide. Especially, social disorganization (or social inequality) associated with childhood adversity has long-lasting effects on mental health, increasing the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders. Intestinal bacteria, functionally as an endocrine organ and a second brain, release various immunomodulators and bioactive compounds directly or indirectly regulating a host's physiological and behavioral homeostasis. Under various social challenges, stress-induced dysbiosis increases gut permeability causes serial reactions: releasing neurotoxic compounds, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, and eventually neuropsychiatric disorders associated with aggressive, violent, or impulsive behavior in humans and various animals via a complex bidirectional communication of the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. The dysregulation of the MGB axis has also been recognized as one of the reasons for the prevalence of social stress-induced injurious behaviors (feather pecking, aggression, and cannibalistic pecking) in chickens. However, existing knowledge of preventing and treating these disorders in both humans and chickens is not well understood. In previous studies, we developed a non-mammal model in an abnormal behavioral investigation by rationalizing the effects of gut microbiota on injurious behaviors in chickens. Based on our earlier success, the perspective article outlines the possibility of reducing stress-induced injurious behaviors in chickens through modifying gut microbiota via cecal microbiota transplantation, with the potential for providing a biotherapeutic rationale for preventing injurious behaviors among individuals with mental disorders via restoring gut microbiota diversity and function.


Assuntos
Galinhas , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Humanos , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino , Comportamento Animal , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal , Agressão , Ceco/microbiologia , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Transtornos Mentais/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Disbiose/microbiologia
6.
BMC Microbiol ; 24(1): 289, 2024 Aug 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39095715

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chronic stress induces cognitive deficits. There is a well-established connection between the enteric and central nervous systems through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. However, the effects of the gut microbiota on cognitive deficits remain unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the microbiota composition in cognitive deficits and explore its potential in predicting chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits. METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into control and chronic restraint stress (CRS) groups. The mice subjected to CRS were further divided into cognitive deficit (CRS-CD) and non-cognitive deficit (CRS-NCD) groups using hierarchical cluster analysis of novel object recognition test results. The composition and diversity of the gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS: After being subjected to chronic restraint distress, the CRS-CD mice travelled shorter movement distances (p = 0.034 vs. CRS-NCD; p < 0.001 vs. control) and had a lower recognition index than the CRS-NCD (p < 0.0001 vs. CRS-NCD; p < 0.0001 vs. control) and control mice. The results revealed that 5 gut bacteria at genus levels were significantly different in the fecal samples of mice in the three groups. Further analyses demonstrated that Muricomes were not only significantly enriched in the CRS-CD group but also correlated with a decreased cognitive index. The area under the receiver operating curve of Muricomes for CRS-induced cognitive deficits was 0.96. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the composition of the gut microbiota is involved in the development of cognitive deficits induced by chronic restraint stress. Further analysis revealed that Muricomes have the potential to predict the development of chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits in mice.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Restrição Física , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Camundongos , Disfunção Cognitiva/microbiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/fisiologia
7.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 18897, 2024 08 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39143116

RESUMO

There is growing evidence that a relationship exists between mental and emotional wellbeing and the gut microbiota. Little is known regarding how the microbiota reacts to repeated acute stress events in dogs, and whether it is a predictor of stress response. In this study, we explored the impact on the gut microbiota and digestive health with two common events many pet dogs find stressful. Twenty healthy adult dogs, living within a colony, were exposed to either car travel or separation three times across eight-week intervals. Faecal samples were collected 24 h before, within 24 h, and 24-48 h after. Faecal quality and pH, and microbiota diversity and composition were analysed in context with wider published work on physiological stress measures. No significant changes were observed in faecal quality or pH with either stress event at any timepoint, indicating all pets remained in good digestive health. Microbiota analysis demonstrated no significant impact on alpha or beta diversity with either stressor. Microbial signatures previously linked to stress were not identified in these dogs and no changes were observed in the functional gut composition. Irrespective of whether the pet was considered "stressed" (i.e., exhibited an increase in serum cortisol), there was no effect on the microbiota and no taxa were predictive of stress response. Collectively, this work demonstrates, for this population, certain acute stress events have no meaningful impact on the canine gut microbiota, and it has no impact on the associated stress response.


Assuntos
Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Cães , Fezes/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Estresse Fisiológico
8.
J Affect Disord ; 366: 124-135, 2024 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39187187

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study is to investigate the role of gut microbiota transmission in the development of anxiety/depression in offspring exposed to maternal depression. METHOD: Offspring rats were cohabitated with their depressed mother or father rats (which exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)) for 2, 4, and 6 months, the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and interaction/caring activities between mother/father and their pups were detected. The gut microbiota composition and its relationship with behaviors were analyzed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to establish the gut microbiota of depressed/normal mother rats in the offspring rats to further confirm the role of "depressive gut microbiota" transmission in mediating the anxiety/depression in the pups. RESULTS: Anxiety and depression phenotypes can be transmitted from depressed mother rats to their cohabited offspring. Frequent interactions and gut microbiota assimilation were observed between rat mothers and their pups. Remodeling of the gut microbiota in pups by FMT could induce or attenuate anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes depending on the origin of the fecal microbiota. By comparison, the pups cohabiting with depressed father rats exhibited milder anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS: These data together support that depressed mothers can transmit anxiety/depression to their pups through gut microbiota assimilation, which is related to frequent interactions. Our study reinforces the significance of mental health of mothers in preventing the occurrence of childhood anxiety and depression, and pointing out the possibility of remodeling intestinal microbiota as an effective therapeutic approach for treating anxiety/depression in children.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Depressão , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Fenótipo , Animais , Ratos , Ansiedade/microbiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Feminino , Depressão/microbiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Masculino , Mães/psicologia , Comportamento Animal , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
9.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 14: 1324794, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39015337

RESUMO

Background: Despite mounting evidence of gut-brain involvement in psychiatric conditions, functional data remain limited, and analyses of other microbial niches, such as the vaginal microbiota, are lacking in relation to mental health. This aim of this study was to investigate if the connections between the gut microbiome and mental health observed in populations with a clinical diagnosis of mental illness extend to healthy women experiencing stress and depressive symptoms. Additionally, this study examined the functional pathways of the gut microbiota according to the levels of psychological symptoms. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore potential correlations between the vaginal microbiome and mental health parameters in young women without psychiatric diagnoses. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 160 healthy Danish women (aged 18-40 years) filled out questionnaires with validated scales measuring symptoms of stress and depression and frequency of dietary intake. Fecal and vaginal microbiota samples were collected at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and vaginal samples were also collected at cycle day 8-12 and 18-22. Shotgun metagenomic profiling of the gut and vaginal microbiome was performed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used for functional profiling and 56 Gut Brain Modules were analyzed in the fecal samples. Results: The relative abundance in the gut of the genera Escherichia, Parabacteroides, and Shigella was higher in women with elevated depressive symptoms. Women with high perceived stress showed a tendency of increased abundance of Escherichia, Shigella, and Blautia. Amongst others, the potentially pathogenic genera, Escherichia and Shigella correlate with alterations in the neuroactive pathways such as the glutamatergic, GABAeric, dopaminergic, and Kynurenine pathways. Vaginosis symptoms were more prevalent in women reporting high levels of stress and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the concept of a microbiota-associated effect on the neuroactive pathways even in healthy young women. This suggest, that targeting the gut microbiome could be a promising approach for future psychiatric interventions.


Assuntos
Depressão , Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Estresse Psicológico , Vagina , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estudos Transversais , Adolescente , Depressão/microbiologia , Vagina/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Microbiota , Dinamarca , Voluntários Saudáveis , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Metagenômica/métodos , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação
10.
Biomolecules ; 14(7)2024 Jul 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39062516

RESUMO

Early life adversity has a profound impact on physical and mental health. Because the central nervous and immune systems are not fully mature at birth and continue to mature during the postnatal period, a bidirectional interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system has been hypothesized, with traumatic stressors during childhood being pivotal in priming individuals for later adult psychopathology. Similarly, the microbiome, which regulates both neurodevelopment and immune function, also matures during childhood, rendering this interaction between the brain and the immune system even more complex. In this review, we provide evidence for the role of the immune response and the microbiome in the deleterious effects of early life adversity, both in humans and rodent models.


Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Inflamação , Microbiota , Humanos , Animais , Inflamação/microbiologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Estresse Psicológico/imunologia , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Encéfalo/microbiologia , Encéfalo/imunologia
11.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 15841, 2024 07 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38982178

RESUMO

Intense psychosocial stress during early life has a detrimental effect on health-disease balance in later life. Simultaneously, despite its sensitivity to stress, the developing microbiome contributes to long-term health. Following stress exposure, HPA-axis activation regulates the "fight or flight" response with the release of glucose and cortisol. Here, we investigated the interaction between the oral microbiome and the stress response. We used a cohort of 115 adults, mean age 24, who either experienced institutionalisation and adoption (n = 40) or were non-adopted controls (n = 75). Glucose and cortisol measurements were taken from participants following an extended socially evaluated cold pressor test (seCPT) at multiple time points. The cohort´s oral microbiome was profiled via 16S-V4 sequencing on microbial DNA from saliva and buccal samples. Using mixed-effect linear regressions, we identified 12 genera that exhibited an interaction with host's cortisol-glucose response to stress, strongly influencing intensity and clearance of cortisol and glucose following stress exposure. Particularly, the identified taxa influenced the glucose and cortisol release profiles and kinetics following seCPT exposure. In conclusion, our study provided evidence for the oral microbiome modifying the effect of stress on the HPA-axis and human metabolism, as shown in glucose-cortisol time series data.


Assuntos
Hidrocortisona , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário , Microbiota , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal , Saliva , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análise , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Saliva/microbiologia , Saliva/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem , Boca/microbiologia , Glucose/metabolismo
12.
J Affect Disord ; 362: 893-902, 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39013520

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prenatal psychological distress and maternal inflammation can increase the risk of neurodevelopmental delay in offspring; recently, the gut microbiota has been shown to may be a potential mechanism behind this association and not fully elucidated in population study. METHODS: Seventy-two maternal-infant pairs who completed the assessments of prenatal psychological distress during the third trimester and neurodevelopment of infants at age 6-8 months of age were included in this study. The gut microbiota and its short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of maternal-infant were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Inflammatory cytokines in the blood of pregnant women during the third trimester were detected by luminex liquid suspension microarrays. RESULTS: This study found that infants in the prenatal psychological distress group had poorer fine motor skills (ß = -4.396, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = -8.546, -0.246, p = 0.038), problem-solving skills (ß = -5.198, 95 % CI = -10.358, -0.038, p = 0.048) and total development (ß = -22.303, 95%CI = -41.453, -3.153, p = 0.022) compared to the control group. The study also indicated that the higher level of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) (ß = -1.951, 95%CI = -3.321, -0.581, p = 0.005) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) (ß = -0.019, 95%CI = -0.034, -0.004, p = 0.015) during the third trimester, the poorer fine motor skills in infants. Also, the higher level of IL-10 (ß = -0.498, 95%CI = -0.862, -0.133, p = 0.007), IL-12p70 (ß = -0.113, 95%CI = -0.178, -0.048, p = 0.001), IL-17 A (ß = -0.817, 95%CI = -1.517, -0.118, p = 0.022), interferon-γ (ß = -0.863, 95%CI = -1.304, -0.422, p < 0.001), IP-10 (ß = -0.020, 95%CI = -0.038, -0.001, p = 0.035), and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (ß = -0.002, 95%CI = -0.003, -0.001, p = 0.005) during the third trimester, the poorer problem-solving skills in infants. After controlling for relevant covariates, this study found that maternal gut microbiota Roseburia mediates the relationship between prenatal psychological distress and total neurodevelopment of infants (a = 0.433, 95%CI = 0.079, 0.787, p = 0.017; b = -19.835, 95%CI = -33.877, -5.792, p = 0.006; c = 22.407, 95%CI = -43.207,-1.608, p = 0.035; indirect effect = -8.584, 95%CI = -21.227, -0.587). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to emphasize the role of the maternal-infant gut microbiota in prenatal psychological distress and infant neurodevelopment. Further studies are needed to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between prenatal psychological distress, maternal-infant gut microbiota, and infant neurodevelopment.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Lactente , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/microbiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/psicologia , Adulto , Masculino , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Angústia Psicológica , Citocinas/sangue , Complicações na Gravidez/microbiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia
13.
PLoS One ; 19(7): e0306638, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38959280

RESUMO

Evidence supports that people identifying as a sexual or gender minority (SGMs) experience minority-related stress resulting from discrimination or expectations of prejudice, and that this is associated with increased mental and physical health problems compared to cisgender heterosexuals. However, the biological mechanisms driving minority-related stress impacts remain unknown, including the role of the gut microbiome. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between SGM status and gut microbiome health among young adults attending a 4-year university. To this end, a prospective pilot study was completed in the fall and spring semesters of 2021-22. Self-identified SGMs (N = 22) and cisgender-heterosexuals (CIS-HET, N = 43) completed in-person interviews to provide mental health data and demographic information. Nail and saliva samples were collected at the time of interview to quantify chronic and acute cortisol. Stool samples were collected within 48 hours of interview for microbiome analysis. Assessment of the gut microbiota identified a significant reduction in alpha diversity among the SGM group, even when adjusting for mental health outcome. SGM group showed trends for higher abundance of microbes in phylum Bacteroidetes and lower abundance of microbes in phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria compared to the CIS-HET group. These findings support that the gut microbiome could be contributing to negative health effects among the SGM community.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Projetos Piloto , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Estudos Prospectivos , Fezes/microbiologia , Hidrocortisona/análise , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Saliva/microbiologia , Adolescente , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia
14.
Mech Ageing Dev ; 220: 111956, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38906383

RESUMO

Psychological stress is a major contributing factor to several health problems (e.g., depression, cardiovascular disease). Around 35 % of the world's population suffers from it, including younger generations. Physiologically, stress manifests through neuroendocrine pathways (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary (SAM) system) which culminate in the production of stress mediators like cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Stress and its mediators have been associated to body aging, through molecular mechanisms such as telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis, among others. Regarding its impact in the skin, stress impacts its structural integrity and physiological function. Despite this review focusing on several hallmarks of aging, emphasis was placed on skin microbiota dysbiosis. In this line, several studies, comprising different age groups, demographic contexts and body sites, have reported skin microbiota alterations associated with aging, and some effects of stress mediators on skin microbiota have also been reviewed in this paper. From a different perspective, since it is not a "traditional" stress mediator, oxytocin, a cortisol antagonist, has been related to glucorticoids inhibition and to display positive effects on cellular aging. This hormone dysregulation has been associated to psychological issues such as depression, whereas its upregulation has been linked to positive social interaction.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Microbiota , Pele , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Pele/microbiologia , Pele/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Microbiota/fisiologia , Ocitocina/metabolismo , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/metabolismo , Senescência Celular/fisiologia , Disbiose/microbiologia , Disbiose/metabolismo , Animais , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/metabolismo
15.
Nutrients ; 16(11)2024 Jun 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38892694

RESUMO

Certain workplaces, like deep-sea voyages, subject workers to chronic psychological stress and circadian rhythm disorders due to confined environments and frequent shifts. In this study, participants lived in a strictly controlled confined environment, and we analyzed the effects of a confined environment on gut microbiota and metabolites. The results showed that living in confined environments can significantly alter both the gut microbiota and the gut metabolome, particularly affecting lipid metabolism pathways like glycerophospholipid metabolism. There was a significant reduction in the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides, while Blautia, Bifidobacterium, and Collinsella showed significant increases. An association analysis revealed a strong correlation between changes in the gut microbiota and the metabolome. Four upregulated lipid metabolites may serve as biomarkers for damage induced by confined environments, and certain gut microbiota alterations, such as those involving Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides, could be potential psychobiotics or therapeutic targets for enhancing mental health in a confined environment.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Metaboloma , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Masculino , Adulto , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Bacteroides/metabolismo , Feminino , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Fezes/microbiologia , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias/classificação
16.
PLoS One ; 19(6): e0304787, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38837966

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review is to review the research evidence regarding the impact of perinatal maternal stress on the maternal and infant gut and human milk microbiomes. INTRODUCTION: Perinatal stress which refers to psychological stress experienced by individuals during pregnancy and the postpartum period is emerging as a public health concern. Early exposure of infants to perinatal maternal stress can potentially lead to metabolic, immune, and neurobehavioral disorders that extend into adulthood. The role of the gut and human milk microbiome in the microbiome-gut-brain axis as a mechanism of stress transfer has been previously reported. A transfer of colonised aberrant microbiota from mother to infant is proposed to predispose the infant to a pro- inflammatory microbiome with dysregulated metabolic process thereby initiating early risk of chronic diseases. The interplay of perinatal maternal stress and its relationship to the maternal and infant gut and human milk microbiome requires further systematic examination in the literature. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review is an exploratory mapping review which will focus on the population of mothers and infants with the exploration of the key concepts of maternal stress and its impact on the maternal and infant gut and human milk microbiome in the context of the perinatal period. It will focus on the pregnancy and the post-natal period up to 6 months with infants who are exclusively breastfed. METHODS: This study will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews along with use of the Prisma Scr reporting guideline. A comprehensive search will be conducted using the following databases, CINAHL Complete; MEDLINE; PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus. A search strategy with pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used to retrieve peer reviewed data published in English from 2014 to present. Screening will involve a three-step process with screening tool checklists. Results will be presented in tabular and narrative summaries, covering thematic concepts and their relationships. This protocol is registered with Open Science Framework DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/5SRMV.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Leite Humano , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Leite Humano/microbiologia , Feminino , Gravidez , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Aleitamento Materno , Mães/psicologia
17.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1365871, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38756771

RESUMO

More than 20% of American adults live with a mental disorder, many of whom are treatment resistant or continue to experience symptoms. Other approaches are needed to improve mental health care, including prevention. The role of the microbiome has emerged as a central tenet in mental and physical health and their interconnectedness (well-being). Under normal conditions, a healthy microbiome promotes homeostasis within the host by maintaining intestinal and brain barrier integrity, thereby facilitating host well-being. Owing to the multidirectional crosstalk between the microbiome and neuro-endocrine-immune systems, dysbiosis within the microbiome is a main driver of immune-mediated systemic and neural inflammation that can promote disease progression and is detrimental to well-being broadly and mental health in particular. In predisposed individuals, immune dysregulation can shift to autoimmunity, especially in the presence of physical or psychological triggers. The chronic stress response involves the immune system, which is intimately involved with the gut microbiome, particularly in the process of immune education. This interconnection forms the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis and promotes mental health or disorders. In this brief review, we aim to highlight the relationships between stress, mental health, and the gut microbiome, along with the ways in which dysbiosis and a dysregulated immune system can shift to an autoimmune response with concomitant neuropsychological consequences in the context of the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis. Finally, we aim to review evidenced-based prevention strategies and potential therapeutic targets.


Assuntos
Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino , Encéfalo , Disbiose , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Transtornos Mentais , Saúde Mental , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/imunologia , Estresse Psicológico/imunologia , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Disbiose/imunologia , Transtornos Mentais/imunologia , Transtornos Mentais/microbiologia , Encéfalo/imunologia , Animais , Neuroimunomodulação
18.
Pharmacol Res ; 204: 107214, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38763328

RESUMO

Studies have shown that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is highly correlated with the pathogenesis of depression in humans. However, whether independent oral microbiome that do not depend on gut microbes could affect the progression of depression in human beings remains unclear, neither does the presence and underlying mechanisms of the microbiota-oral-brain axis in the development of the condition. Hence this study that encompasses clinical and animal experiments aims at investigating the correlation between oral microbiota and the onset of depression via mediating the microbiota-oral-brain axis. We compared the oral microbial compositions and metabolomes of 87 patients with depressive symptoms versus 70 healthy controls. We found that the oral microbial and metabolic signatures were significantly different between the two groups. Significantly, germ-free (GF) mice transplanted with saliva from mice exposing to chronic restraint stress (CRS) displayed depression-like behavior and oral microbial dysbiosis. This was characterized by a significant differential abundance of bacterial species, including the enrichment of Pseudomonas, Pasteurellaceae, and Muribacter, as well as the depletion of Streptococcus. Metabolomic analysis showed the alternation of metabolites in the plasma of CRS-exposed GF mice, especially Eicosapentaenoic Acid. Furthermore, oral and gut barrier dysfunction caused by CRS-induced oral microbiota dysbiosis may be associated with increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Pseudomonas aeruginosa supplementation exacerbated depression-like behavior, while Eicosapentaenoic Acid treatment conferred protection against depression-like states in mice. These results suggest that oral microbiome and metabolic function dysbiosis may be relevant to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of depression. The proposed microbiota-oral-brain axis provides a new way and targets for us to study the pathogenesis of depression.


Assuntos
Depressão , Disbiose , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Disbiose/metabolismo , Depressão/metabolismo , Depressão/microbiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/etiologia , Masculino , Humanos , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Feminino , Adulto , Camundongos , Restrição Física/psicologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino , Boca/microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saliva/metabolismo , Saliva/microbiologia , Comportamento Animal , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo
19.
Commun Biol ; 7(1): 670, 2024 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38822061

RESUMO

Stress in early life can affect the progeny and increase the risk to develop psychiatric and cardiometabolic diseases across generations. The cross-generational effects of early life stress have been modeled in mice and demonstrated to be associated with epigenetic factors in the germline. While stress is known to affect gut microbial features, whether its effects can persist across life and be passed to the progeny is not well defined. Here we show that early postnatal stress in mice shifts the fecal microbial composition (binary Jaccard index) throughout life, including abundance of eight amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs). Further effects on fecal microbial composition, structure (weighted Jaccard index), and abundance of 16 ASVs are detected in the progeny across two generations. These effects are not accompanied by changes in bacterial metabolites in any generation. These results suggest that changes in the fecal microbial community induced by early life traumatic stress can be perpetuated from exposed parent to the offspring.


Assuntos
Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Fezes/microbiologia , Camundongos , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação
20.
Brain Behav Immun ; 119: 665-680, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38579936

RESUMO

Depression is a prevalent psychological condition with limited treatment options. While its etiology is multifactorial, both chronic stress and changes in microbiome composition are associated with disease pathology. Stress is known to induce microbiome dysbiosis, defined here as a change in microbial composition associated with a pathological condition. This state of dysbiosis is known to feedback on depressive symptoms. While studies have demonstrated that targeted restoration of the microbiome can alleviate depressive-like symptoms in mice, translating these findings to human patients has proven challenging due to the complexity of the human microbiome. As such, there is an urgent need to identify factors upstream of microbial dysbiosis. Here we investigate the role of mucin 13 as an upstream mediator of microbiome composition changes in the context of stress. Using a model of chronic stress, we show that the glycocalyx protein, mucin 13, is selectively reduced after psychological stress exposure. We further demonstrate that the reduction of Muc13 is mediated by the Hnf4 transcription factor family. Finally, we determine that deleting Muc13 is sufficient to drive microbiome shifts and despair behaviors. These findings shed light on the mechanisms behind stress-induced microbial changes and reveal a novel regulator of mucin 13 expression.


Assuntos
Depressão , Disbiose , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Depressão/metabolismo , Depressão/microbiologia , Disbiose/metabolismo , Disbiose/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Fator 4 Nuclear de Hepatócito/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Mucinas/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia
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