How Do Personal Attributes Shape AI Dependency in Chinese Higher Education Context? Insights from Needs Frustration Perspective.

OBJECTIVE: The adoption of Generative AI in education presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly regarding its potential to foster student dependency. However, the psychological drivers of this dependency remain unclear. This study addresses this gap by applying the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model and Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) theory to explore how specific personality traits-neuroticism, self-critical perfectionism, and impulsivity-contribute to AI dependency through needs frustration, negative academic emotions, and reinforced performance beliefs. METHOD: Data were collected from 958 university students (Mage = 21.67) across various disciplines. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships among the variables. RESULTS: Neuroticism, self-critical perfectionism, and impulsivity were found to be significantly associated with increase needs frustration and negative academic emotions, which in turn reinforced students' positive beliefs about performance of AI tools, deepening their dependency. The study also uncovered complex serial mediation effects, highlighting intricate psychological pathways that drive maladaptive AI use. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides a critical insight into the interplay between personality traits and technology use, shedding light on the nuanced ways in which individual differences influence dependency on generative AI. The findings offer practical strategies for educators to promote balanced AI use and support student well-being in educational settings.

Exercise intensity agreement, need satisfaction, and exercise behavior: A sex-moderated mediation model.

Several theoretical frameworks have been used to understand exercise adherence. Basic psychological needs (BPN), grounded on self-determination theory, have received large attention for this purpose. More recently, the hedonic theory and the assumptions related to the exercise characteristics (e.g., intensity) that can bolster positive affective responses have been revitalized. This study aimed to explore the associations between the agreement of current exercise intensity and the one individually preferred, BPN satisfaction/frustration, enjoyment, the intention to continue exercise, and exercise frequency. Additionally, an exploration of the direct and indirect effects while testing sex as a moderator was performed. A sample of 369 exercisers (Mage = 43.6, standard deviation = 12.96; 214 females) enrolled in 26 health clubs participated in this study voluntarily. Data were received in a first-approach descriptive and correlational analyses. Next, a moderated mediation was performed using model 15 (PROCESS v.4.2). As a result, agreement in preference for exercise intensity was positively associated with enjoyment (r = 0.35), intention (r = 0.43), and all needs satisfaction (ranging from r = 0.12 to r = 0.45) and negatively associated with all needs frustration (ranging from r = -0.15 to r = -0.31). In the moderated mediation analysis, the same pattern of results emerged in direct effects. Indirect effects were significant for autonomy in the enjoyment and frequency models. Findings suggest that promoting an individually adjusted training intensity may foster BPN satisfaction. It appears to be present an independent (of needs) and positive association with exercise enjoyment and intention to continue exercising.

Sense of control and noise sensitivity affect frustration from interfering noise.

In order to develop effective strategies to address noise annoyance, it is essential to develop an explanatory model of the psychological mechanism(s) by which noise becomes annoying. Two online studies were conducted in which a total of 193 participants completed speech perception tasks with varying degrees of background noise. Signal-to-noise ratio levels ranged from -2 to -10 dB. The crucial manipulation in both experiments concerned participants' sense of control over the noise level in the task. Dependent measures were task performance, a self-reported measure of frustration with the task, and self-reported sensitivity (trait) to noise. Results showed small but significant effects of noise sensitivity and sense of control on subjective frustration. In both experiments, more noise-sensitive individuals expressed greater frustration than did those reporting less noise sensitivity. In addition, in experiment 2 there was a significant interaction between sense of control and noise level. Listeners under the higher noise-level conditions expressed relatively similar degrees of frustration irrespective of their sense of control, while those under the lower noise-level condition showed lower frustration with greater sense of control. Results support Stallen's [(1999). Noise Health 1(3), 69-79] theoretical framework of noise annoyance, but also suggest the need for further research under more ecologically plausible conditions.

Early-Childhood Tablet Use and Outbursts of Anger.

Importance: Tablet use continues to increase in preschool-aged children. The use of mobile devices has been linked to child emotional dysregulation. However, few studies have been able to show a clear direction of association between child tablet use and the development of self-regulation skills. In addition, few studies have modeled within-person associations over time. Objective: To estimate how child tablet use contributes to expressions of anger and frustration across the ages of 3.5 to 5.5 years at the within-person level. The study team also examined the extent to which associations are bidirectional to clarify the direction of the correlations. Design, Setting, and participants: This prospective, community-based convenience sample of 315 parents of preschool-aged children from Nova Scotia, Canada, was studied repeatedly at the ages of 3.5 (2020), 4.5 (2021), and 5.5 years (2022) during the COVID-19 pandemic. All analyses were conducted between October 5, 2023, and December 15, 2023. Exposure: Parent-reported tablet use at the ages of 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years. Main outcome and measures: Parents reported child expressions of anger/frustration at the ages of 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Results: The sample was equally distributed across child sex (171 were identified by parents as being born boys [54%] and 144 as girls [46%]). Most reported being Canadian (287 [91.0%]) and married (258 [82.0%]). A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that a 1-SD increase in tablet use at 3.5 years (corresponding to 1.22 hours per day) was associated with a 22% SD scale increase in anger/frustration at age 4.5 years (standardized coefficient = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.01-0.44). A 1 SD scale increase in anger and frustration at 4.5 years was associated with a 22% SD (corresponding to 0.28 hours per day) increase in tablet use at 5.5 years (standardized coefficient = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.01-0.43). Conclusion and relevance: In this study, child tablet use at age 3.5 years was associated with more expressions of anger and frustration by the age of 4.5 years. Child proneness to anger/frustration at age 4.5 years was then associated with more use of tablets by age 5.5 years. These results suggest that early-childhood tablet use may contribute to a cycle that is deleterious for emotional regulation.

Exploring Communication Needs and Challenges in the Intensive Care Unit: A Survey Study From Providers' and Patients' Perspectives.

PURPOSE: Effective communication between nonspeaking patients and providers is critical for the quality of care in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aims to evaluate perspectives of health care providers and nonspeaking patients on effective communication and communication barriers in the ICU. METHOD: Qualitative and quantitative survey methodologies were employed to evaluate providers' and patients' perspectives on effective communication. Rating scales were utilized to measure patients' frustration levels and communication effectiveness. Open-ended questions were employed to reflect on barriers to communication in the ICU, instances of ineffective communication, and recommendations for enhancing effective communication. RESULTS: The results of the study suggest that nonspeaking patients experienced high levels of frustration due to ineffective communication. However, the data reveal that access to appropriate augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies and materials could help mitigate patients' frustration. Providers mainly communicated via asking yes/no questions, which largely limited the information patients conveyed, leading to frequent communication breakdowns. Providers expressed a desire to participate in training programs to utilize appropriate AAC strategies and promote effective communication. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary survey results on perspectives of patients and providers on effective communication in the ICU. Both providers and patients reported experiencing challenges and frustration during their communication, due to barriers such as providers' insufficient training experience and lack of access to AAC materials. Skill training is warranted to promote effective patient-provider communication in intensive care settings. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26339623.

Cassandra and A Room of One's Own: A common cry of frustration.

In this manuscript, we explore the connections between Florence Nightingale's Cassandra and Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own while taking the authors' personal and social contexts into account. We conduct a detailed textual analysis from a feminist perspective. Cassandra and A Room of One's Own exhibit singular textual commonalities, such as evidence of trauma, the integration of myth and fiction as literary devices aimed at facilitating the author's access to various social spheres, the use of interpellations to impact the audience, and an argument for education as a path by which privileged women can enter the public realm. Both authors' personal wounds and intellectual frustrations influenced their work, thus making their writing very powerful.

Library resources constraints, frustration, and user behavior: An empirical library operations study.

PURPOSE: The lack of requisite library resources has an enormous effect on academic life in most universities. While previous studies have suggested that the lack of resources such as textbooks affects academic success, this study seeks to provide empirical evidence on the chain effect of the lack of recommended textbooks in universities. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study uses a quantitative dataset from 636 students from five public universities in Ghana collected using well-structured questionnaires. The study adopts exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the measurement and structural models. FINDINGS: The study concludes that limited library resources (such as recommended textbooks) frustrate library users and eventually birth antisocial behaviors such as stealing, hiding, and eroding books (or pages). ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study highlights the significance of providing adequate library resources. It also guides library managers, policymakers, and scholars to manage library resources effectively.

Coping with the experience of frustration throughout life: Sex- and age-specific effects of early life stress on the susceptibility to reward devaluation.

Early life stress may lead to lifelong impairments in psychophysiological functions, including emotional and reward systems. Unpredicted decrease in reward magnitude generates a negative emotional state (frustration) that may be involved with susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. We evaluated, in adolescents and adult rats of both sexes, whether maternal separation (MS) alters the ability to cope with an unexpected reduction of reward later in life. Litters of Wistar rats were divided into controls (non handled - NH) or subjected to MS. Animals were trained to find sugary cereal pellets; later the amount was reduced. Increased latency to reach the reward-associated area indicates higher inability to regulate frustration. The dorsal hippocampus (dHC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) were evaluated for protein levels of NMDA receptor subunits (GluN2A/GluN2B), synaptophysin, PSD95, SNAP-25 and CRF1. We found that adult MS males had greater vulnerability to reward reduction, together with decreased GluN2A and increased GluN2B immunocontent in the dHC. MS females and adolescents did not differ from controls. We concluded that MS enhances the response to frustration in adult males. The change in the ratio of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits in dHC could be related to a stronger, more difficult to update memory of the aversive experience.

Nulliparous women's lived experiences of the prolonged passive stage of labour: A thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology.

INTRODUCTION: Prolonged progress can occur in the first and second stages of labour and may contribute to a negative birth experience. However, previous studies have mainly focused on quantitative aspects or overall birth experience, and little is known about women's experiences of a prolonged passive second stage. OBJECTIVE: To describe the lived experiences of a prolonged passive second stage of labour in nulliparous women. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted with 15 nulliparous women with a passive second stage lasting three hours or more. Data were analysed using thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology. RESULTS: The analysis resulted in four themes: "An unknown phase" that entailed remaining in a phase that the women lacked an awareness of. "Trust and mistrust in the body's ability" represents the mindset for vaginal birth as well as feelings of powerlessness and self-guilt. The theme "Loss of control" included experiences of frustration, fatigue, and having to deny bodily instincts. "Support through presence and involvement" signifies support through the midwife's presence in the birthing room, although there were also descriptions of emotional or physical absence. CONCLUSIONS: The findings contribute to the understanding of prolonged labour based on women's lived experiences and add to the body of knowledge about the prolonged passive second stage. This study highlights that women need support through information, presence, and encouragement to remain in control. It can be beneficial during birth preparation to include knowledge about the passive second stage together with unexpected or complicated situations during birth, such as prolonged labour.

When help is not wanted: Frustrated needs and poor after-work recovery as consequences of unwanted help at work.

Instrumental help and support in the workplace are mostly associated with outcomes that are considered desirable for organisations and their employees. In this study, we seek to shed light on a specific type of help at work that may entail negative consequences: being offered help that is not wanted by the recipient. Drawing on basic psychological needs theory and on theory of ruminative thoughts, we propose that offering unwanted help frustrates the recipient's psychological needs for autonomy and competence, which in turn affects after-work recovery processes in the form of increased rumination and decreased psychological detachment. Supporting our hypotheses, a cross-sectional survey study (Study 1, N = 279) revealed that employees who were offered unwanted help from coworkers or supervisors experienced higher frustration in need for competence and autonomy, which in turn was associated with higher rumination after work and less psychological detachment from work. Results from a time-lagged survey with two measurement points 2 weeks apart (Study 2, N = 165) showed that being offered unwanted help was concurrently related to increased competence and autonomy frustration, of which only autonomy frustration later translated into higher after-work rumination and ultimately lower psychological detachment from work. Our findings suggest that needs frustration provides a promising approach to investigate and explain potentially detrimental effects of unwanted help at work on after-work recovery processes.

The Concerns of Community-Dwelling Older Women Living with Urinary Incontinence: Qualitative Research.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The world including Iran is facing population aging. Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most common health concerns of older women that can be accompanied by an increased sense of loneliness, social restrictions, and disruption in activities of daily living in addition to the regular challenges of old age. This study was aimed at explaining the concerns of community-dwelling older women living with UI. METHODS: This study used the conventional, qualitative, content analysis approach with purposive sampling. Twenty interviews were conducted with 18 participants, including 15 community-dwelling older women with UI and three family members (a husband and two daughters), over the span of 14 months (from August 2021 to October 2022). The data were collected via semi-structured, face-to-face interviews until data saturation was achieved, and were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's method. RESULTS: The findings revealed that the concerns of older women with UI include the impasse of UI, being powerless in life, distorted social identity, and marital frustration, which fell under the main theme of sense of inadequacy. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing the concerns of older women with UI can make health care teams more sensitive to the importance of resolving these concerns and can offer some insight into how best to provide targeted training, support, and counseling services at individual, family, and society levels, to eventually resolve the older adult's sense of inadequacy.

University serial winning coaches' experiences with low performance and maladaptive team culture.

We sought to explore the strategies and behaviours employed by University serial winning coaches during seasons of both low performance and a maladaptive team culture. We interviewed seven University team sport coaches and subsequently analyzed the data using a reflexive thematic analysis (RTA). Results indicated that our coaches generally felt unprepared for the unexpected and challenging season, leading to increased stress and decreased psychological well-being. Coaches experienced frustration, disappointment, and self-doubt, which was either exacerbated or mitigated by their access to social support. Despite the emotional turmoil coaches experienced, they were able to reflect on their actions and take away key lessons, helping them perform well in the future. Findings provide insight into how winning coaches manage and overcome inevitable adverse situations. Moreover, these results provide a deeper understanding of how these highly successful coaches navigate these key challenges that over time can inform policy and practice in coach development. These coaching strategies may help coaches of all levels overcome barriers to success and may be transferable to leaders of all levels across a range of disciplines outside of sport.

Receptive and expressive vocabulary performance in 2- to 5-year-olds in care: The role of different care types and temperament.

The detrimental role of institutionalization in children's development has prompted the introduction of alternative care types designed to offer more personalized care. The current study aimed to test whether children in alternative care types (care villages, care homes, and foster care) performed better on vocabulary than those in institutions. The role of temperament, specifically perceptual sensitivity and frustration, and the interaction between temperament and care types on vocabulary performance were also explored. The study involved 285 2- to 5-year-old children from different care types, and they were assessed through receptive and expressive vocabulary tests and temperament scales. The results of the linear mixed model revealed that children in alternative care types exhibited significantly higher vocabulary scores compared with those in institutions. Moreover, perceptual sensitivity showed a positive association with receptive and expressive vocabulary skills and seemed to act as a protective factor by mitigating the lower vocabulary scores in institutions. Frustration moderated vocabulary outcomes differently for children in institutions and foster care, aligning with the diathesis-stress model and vantage sensitivity theory, respectively. The findings emphasize the positive role of alternative care types in vocabulary performance and the importance of children's temperamental traits in this process.

A palpable sense of frustration with NHS patient safety culture development.

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses two recent reports on NHS patient safety.

Factors Influencing Abortion Decision-Making of Adolescents and Young Women: A Narrative Scoping Review.

INTRODUCTION: Globally, about half of all induced abortions have been estimated to be unsafe, which results in 13% of maternal deaths yearly. Of these induced abortions, 41% of unsafe abortions have been reported in young women who are dependent on their parents for their livelihood. They are often left in a vulnerable position and may have difficulty in making a decision regarding abortion. This study aimed to (1) characterize and map factors that influence abortion decision-making of adolescents and young women, and (2) identify the care and support that they need in their decision-making process. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following the JBI method and PRISMA-ScR checklist. We comprehensively searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycInfo, and hand searched publications in the Google Scholar database between November 2021 and October 2023. The search included all English language qualitative and mixed methods research articles published on the database up to October 2023 that included participants aged 10-24 years. The CASP checklist was used as a guide for the qualitative analysis. NVivo was used to synthesize the findings. RESULTS: There were 18 studies from 14 countries (N = 1543 young women) that met the inclusion criteria. Three domains and eleven categories were included as follows: personal (desire for self-realization and unwanted pregnancy), interpersonal (parental impact, reaction of partner, roles of peers and friends, existence of own child, and lack of support), and social circumstances (sexual crime, financial problem, limitation of choice, and underutilized healthcare services). Decision-making factors regarding abortions were also found across all three domains. CONCLUSION: The abortion decision-making of young women is influenced by various external factors regardless of country. Parents are especially influential and tend to force their daughters to make a decision. Young women experienced suffering, frustration, and lack of autonomy in making decisions based on their preference. This emphasizes the importance of autonomous decision-making. In this regard, healthcare services should be used. However, there are barriers to accessing these services. To improve such access, the following are required: staff training to provide adolescent and youth-friendly health services, counseling based on women's needs, counseling including the parents or guardians that is confidential and ethical, promotion of decision aids, and affordable accessible care.

Frustration can Limit the Adaptation of Promiscuous Enzymes Through Gene Duplication and Specialisation.

Virtually all enzymes catalyse more than one reaction, a phenomenon known as enzyme promiscuity. It is unclear whether promiscuous enzymes are more often generalists that catalyse multiple reactions at similar rates or specialists that catalyse one reaction much more efficiently than other reactions. In addition, the factors that shape whether an enzyme evolves to be a generalist or a specialist are poorly understood. To address these questions, we follow a three-pronged approach. First, we examine the distribution of promiscuity in empirical enzymes reported in the BRENDA database. We find that the promiscuity distribution of empirical enzymes is bimodal. In other words, a large fraction of promiscuous enzymes are either generalists or specialists, with few intermediates. Second, we demonstrate that enzyme biophysics is not sufficient to explain this bimodal distribution. Third, we devise a constraint-based model of promiscuous enzymes undergoing duplication and facing selection pressures favouring subfunctionalization. The model posits the existence of constraints between the catalytic efficiencies of an enzyme for different reactions and is inspired by empirical case studies. The promiscuity distribution predicted by our constraint-based model is consistent with the empirical bimodal distribution. Our results suggest that subfunctionalization is possible and beneficial only in certain enzymes. Furthermore, the model predicts that conflicting constraints and selection pressures can cause promiscuous enzymes to enter a 'frustrated' state, in which competing interactions limit the specialisation of enzymes. We find that frustration can be both a driver and an inhibitor of enzyme evolution by duplication and subfunctionalization. In addition, our model predicts that frustration becomes more likely as enzymes catalyse more reactions, implying that natural selection may prefer catalytically simple enzymes. In sum, our results suggest that frustration may play an important role in enzyme evolution.

Fear of movement and competence frustration mediate the relationship between pain catastrophising and physical function in people living with axSpA: an online cross-sectional survey.

The objective of this study is to examine the contribution of pain catastrophising to Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patient's physical function and to test the mediating role of fear of movement, and uniquely, the contribution of competence frustration to the fear-avoidance model. Participants (N = 98, 70% female, M age = 45.62, SD 12.16) completed an online survey (December 2020-May 2021) distributed in the United Kingdom via the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (n ≈ 3500; NASS, 2019). The PROCESS SPSS macro was used to test three mediation models using percentile bootstrap 95% confidence intervals (PBCI). A significant indirect effect on the relationship between pain and physical function via fear of movement (ß = 0.10, 95% PBCI = 0.030-0.183) was observed (Model 1). Model 2 showed the relationship between pain catastrophising and physical function to be significantly mediated by fear of movement (ß = 0.16, 95% PBCI = 0.005-0.322). Finally, Model 3 showed a significant indirect effect on the relationship between pain catastrophising and physical function via competence frustration (ß = 0.15, 95% PBCI = 0.014-0.309) but not through fear of movement (ß = 0.062, 95% PBCI = - 0.134 to 0.248). To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine and demonstrate the unique contribution of competence need frustration to the Fear-avoidance model in people that live with axSpA. Identifying modifiable factors that contribute to disease outcomes such as physical function can improve the care and quality of life for people living with a disease currently without a cure.

The compensation effect of competence frustration and its behavioral manifestations.

The frustration of competence, one of the three basic psychological needs proposed by self-determination theory, has been widely demonstrated to negatively influence one's motivation and well-being in both work and life. However, research on the recovery mechanism of competence is still in the nascent stage. In this study, a two-stage behavioral experiment was conducted to examine the restoration of competence and the potential moderating role of resilience. Results showed that individuals who were asked to recall experience of competence frustration performed better on subsequent tasks, manifesting their behavioral efforts of competence restoration. However, resilience does not play a significant moderating role in competence restoration. Through convergent behavioral evidence, findings of this study demonstrate the compensation effect of competence frustration.