Recollections of parental psychological control: Associations with dysfunctional individuation, depressive symptoms, and shame and guilt.

Excessive parental psychological control may disrupt individuals' psychosocial development, thus influencing later psychological problems. The present study tests a retrospectively worded Parental Control and Disrespect Scale (PCDS) to examine factor structure and model fit as well as associations with individuation-related difficulties and negative affect. Study measures were completed by 482 adults at a single time-point. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested acceptable model fit of the retrospectively worded PCDS. PCDS scores were significantly associated with dysfunctional individuation, depressive symptoms, and generalized shame and guilt, remaining significant after controlling for age, gender, and neuroticism. Moderation analysis indicated certain associations as stronger among female participants, such that dysfunctional individuation was lower at decreased levels of parental control among women, while generalized guilt was higher at increased parental control among women. Findings support the retrospective use of the PCDS, indicating links between parental psychological control, individuation-related difficulties, and negative affect problems.

Infants' individuation of human faces across race and identity.

Young infants' face perception capabilities quickly tune to the features of their primary caregiver. The current study examines whether infants distinguish faces in a more conceptual manner using a manual-search, violation of expectation task that has previously been used to test kind-based individuation. We tested how well infants between 11 and 27 months of age individuated faces that varied by superordinate category (human vs. non-human in Experiment 1) subordinate category (individual identity in Experiment 2) or by race (White vs. Black, Experiments 1 & 2). We assessed individuation by quantifying the difference in infants' duration of reaching within an empty box between trials when the box was unexpectedly empty and expectedly empty. We found evidence of individuation across all ages and conditions, but with within-infant variation. On average, infants individuated face from non-face stimuli (Experiment 1), individual face identities (Experiment 2), and White versus Black faces (Experiments 1 & 2). These findings suggest that 1- to 2-year-old infants use distinct human face features to represent individuals across time and space. We discuss this evidence for race-based individuation and related complexities of face identity in terms of implications for conceptual development for faces in the first years of life.

Mother-child memory conversation and children's independent memory: the roles of maternal characteristics.

Mother-child memory conversations are a nuanced and important factor in children's memory development. The current study focuses on maternal characteristics that are related to individual differences in maternal elaborative style. It also examines the role of maternal elaborative style in children's elaborativeness in the context of reminiscing and recounting. Two hundred and nine Turkish mothers (Mage = 36.32, SD = 4.99) and their 5- to 6-year-olds (Mage in months = 66.88, SD = 4.04) (110 girls, 99 boys) participated in the current study. Results revealed that maternal individuation and balanced self-construal type predicted maternal elaborativeness, which in turn predicted child elaborativeness in reminiscing and recounting. Yet, such a relation was not observed for maternal attachment styles or sensitivity. Findings suggested the importance of maternal individuation and balanced self-construal for mothers' and children's elaborativeness in memory conversations.

Signatures of individuation across objects and events.

The physical world provides humans with continuous streams of experience in both space and time. The human mind, however, can parse and organize this continuous input into discrete, individual units. In the current work, we characterize the representational signatures of basic units of human experience across the spatial (object) and temporal (event) domains. We propose that there are three shared, abstract signatures of individuation underlying the basic units of representation across the two domains. Specifically, individuated entities in both the spatial domain (objects) and temporal domain (bounded events) resist restructuring, have distinct parts, and do not tolerate breaks; unindividuated entities in both the spatial domain (substances) and the temporal domain (unbounded events) lack these features. In three experiments, we confirm these principles and discuss their significance for cognitive and linguistic theories of objects and events. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Is it harmful to me or to us? A dyadic analysis of Chinese young adults' dysfunctional individuation and romantic relationship satisfaction.

This study aimed at examining how romantically involved Chinese young adults' dysfunctional individuation was associated with their and their partners' perceptions of romantic relationship satisfaction. We recruited 296 Chinese couples who were currently in heterosexual romantic relationships at the university. The couples completed self-report measures of their dysfunctional individuation and relationship satisfaction. Results from the cross-sectional actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) indicated that (a) for both genders, actor effects existed: Chinese young adults' dysfunctional individuation was negatively associated with their romantic relationship satisfaction; (b) in terms of partners' effects, women's dysfunctional individuation was negatively associated with men's perceptions of relationship satisfaction; but (c) men's dysfunctional individuation was not significantly associated with women's perceptions of relationship satisfaction. The findings were the first to reveal the actor and partner effects of dysfunctional individuation on romantic relationship satisfaction. The study results provided practical implications regarding how young adults can have satisfying romantic relationships.

Câncer materno: a compreensão da criança e suas representações / Maternal cancer: the child's understanding and its representations / Cáncer materno: comprensión del niño y sus representaciones

O câncer é uma doença crônico-degenerativa, que tem como uma de suas principais características a capacidade de invadir tecidos e órgãos do corpo, favorecendo o crescimento desordenado de células. É uma doença que impacta fortemente a pessoa enferma e todos à sua volta, incluindo sua família e seus amigos. A partir desse cenário, este trabalho visou compreender a visão da criança e o impacto emocional sofrido diante do diagnóstico de câncer da mãe. Buscou-se avaliar, a partir de ferramentas lúdicas e do desenho-estória, o entendimento da criança em relação ao processo de adoecimento materno, tomando como base o referencial psicanalítico para reconhecer como ela lidou com a situação. Participaram desta pesquisa uma mulher de 39 anos com diagnóstico de câncer em remissão e seu filho de 9 anos. Os resultados demonstraram que o adoecimento materno causou impactos emocionais significativos e assustadores para o infante, gerando fantasias irreais relacionadas ao câncer e a si próprio. Dessa forma, considera-se de fundamental importância o cuidado estendido aos familiares do indivíduo doente, a fim de que se tenha um olhar a todos que sofrem diante desse contexto.(AU)

Cancer is a chronic-degenerative disease that has as one of its main characteristics the ability to invade tissues and organs of the body, favoring the disordered cell growth. It is a disease that strongly impacts the sick person and everyone around them, including their family and friends. Based on this scenario, this work aimed to understand the child's view and the emotional impact suffered in the face of the mother's cancer diagnosis. It sought to evaluate, with ludic tools and drawing history, the child's understanding about the mother's illness process, based on the psychoanalytic framework to recognize how they deal with the situation. A 39-year-old woman diagnosed with cancer, in remission, and her 9-year-old son participated in this research. The results showed that the maternal illness caused significant and frightening emotional impacts for the infant, creating unrealistic fantasies related to cancer and to himself. Thus, the care extended to the sick individual's family and to the relatives is considered of fundamental importance, to give a complete care for all those who suffer in this context.(AU)

El cáncer es una enfermedad crónico-degenerativa, que tiene como una de sus principales características la capacidad de invadir tejidos y órganos, favoreciendo un crecimiento desordenado de las células. Enfermedades como esta impactan fuertemente a la persona que está enferma y a todos los que la rodean, incluidos familiares y amigos. Considerando esta situación, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la percepción de un niño y el impacto emocional que sufrió ante el diagnóstico del cáncer vivido por su madre. Se pretendió evaluar, utilizando herramientas lúdicas y de dibujo-cuento, la comprensión del niño al proceso de enfermedad materna, buscando reconocer cómo el niño manejó este proceso a partir del referencial teórico psicoanalítico. En esta investigación participaron una mujer de 39 años diagnosticada de cáncer en remisión y su hijo de 9 años. Los resultados mostraron que los impactos emocionales de la enfermedad materna fueron significativos y aterradores para el infante, generando fantasías irreales relacionadas con el cáncer y él mismo. De esta forma, el cuidado extendido a la familia del individuo que está enfrentando esta enfermedad es importante para promover una atención integral a quienes la padecen en este contexto.(AU)

Modernidade líquida e paradigma emergente: reflexões sobre estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem / Liquid modernity and emerging paradigm: reflections on the lifestyle of nursing students / Modernidad líquida y paradigma emergente: reflexiones sobre el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería J

Objetivo: refletir sobre o estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem no paradigma emergente da modernidade líquida. Conteúdo: ensaio reflexivo alicerçado em 20 artigos sobre o tema discutido criticamente em diálogo com os conceitos de paradigma emergente e modernidade líquida. A discussão se organizou em duas categorias: estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem no contexto da modernidade líquida: da realidade social ao sofrimento psíquico; e estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem e o paradigma emergente: dos paradigmas dominantes à individuação. Considerações finais: os tempos líquidos reverberam no estilo de vida e na saúde dos estudantes de enfermagem, agravando as doenças da pós-modernidade. Destaca-se a maneira como esses estudantes apreendem as dificuldades e o aprendizado que deduzem dessas oportunidades. O estilo de vida destes estudantes deve ponderar o alcance da perspectiva singular e profunda do ser inserido no paradigma emergente(AU)

Objective: to reflect on the lifestyle of nursing students in the emerging paradigm of liquid modernity. Content: reflective essay based on 20 articles on the subject critically discussed in dialogue with the concepts of emerging paradigm and liquid modernity. The discussion was organized into two categories: nursing students' lifestyle in the context of liquid modernity: from social reality to psychic suffering; and lifestyle of nursing students and the emerging paradigm: from dominant paradigms to individuation. Final considerations: liquid times reverberate in the lifestyle and health of nursing students, aggravating postmodern diseases. It is worth highlighting the way in which these students apprehend the difficulties and the learning they deduce from these opportunities. The lifestyle of these students must consider the scope of the singular and profound perspective of being inserted in the emerging paradigm(AU)

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería bajo el prisma del paradigma emergente de la modernidad líquida. Contenido: ensayo reflexivo basado en 20 artículos sobre el tema, discutido críticamente en diálogo con los conceptos de paradigma emergente y modernidad líquida. La discusión se organizó en dos categorías: el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería en el contexto de la modernidad líquida: de la realidad social al sufrimiento psíquico; y estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería y el paradigma emergente: de los paradigmas dominantes a la individuación. Consideraciones finales: los tiempos líquidos repercuten en el estilo de vida y la salud de los estudiantes de enfermería, agravando las enfermedades de la posmodernidad. Se destaca la forma cómo estos estudiantes entienden las dificultades y los aprendizajes que deducen de estas oportunidades. El estilo de vida de estos estudiantes debe considerar el alcance de la singular y profunda perspectiva de estar insertos en el paradigma emergente(AU)

Integrative Individuation: An Alternative To The Separation-Individuation Model.

An alternative to Mahler's separation-individuation model of child development is presented to explain differences in the development and experience of a sense of self in Indian culture and other cultures where the Western sense of individual selfhood is not seen as the goal of maturity and adulthood. In the absence of such a formulation, called here integrative individuation, the familial and relational experience of people from non-Western cultures is often misunderstood and pathologized by clinicians. Features of this non-Western sense of self include looser boundaries, different relational priorities, and greater tolerance regarding personal space. Though these differences have been commented on by scholars, a detailed developmental model has not previously been formulated.

Is core knowledge in the format of LOT?

Object individuation provides a test case for the claim that infants already have a prelinguistic language-of-thought (LOT). By 12 months, infants represent several sortal-kinds: Object, agent, animate, and perhaps artifact. Infants have also encountered many words for object kinds, animals, people, and artifacts, therefore it remains a viable hypothesis that language learning may play a causal role in the acquisition of sortal-kinds, contra Quilty-Dunn et al.

Sacred Circle: Symbol of Wholeness in Traditional Persian Art and Architecture.

Jung wrote extensively about the archetypal mandala symbol as an expression in many cultures of the centrality and nature of the interplay between human consciousness and divine consciousness. This article investigates-how in Persia, for millennia-the archetypal symbol of the mandala has been widespread in many expressions of the sacred arts. My research outlines the importance of the archetypal mandala symbol in Persian religio-aesthetic history from the first unearthed stone carvings of Persia's ancient foundations until the more recent, breathtakingly marvellous ceilings of traditional Persian architecture today. From the artistic expressions of first religious beliefs of ancient Persia-Mithraism-and through the development of the Zoroastrian faith until the subsequent rise of Christianity and then Islam, Persian sacred art illustrates the Jungian idea that wholeness sought in the journey of individuation is often expressed through archetypal symbols of circles that articulate basic truths about the divine interplay with humanity.

Jung a beaucoup écrit sur le symbole archétypal du mandala en tant qu'expression dans de nombreuses cultures de la centralité de l'interaction entre la conscience humaine et la conscience divine. Cet article examine comment en Perse - depuis des millénaires - on trouve le symbole archétypal du mandala de manière très répandue dans de nombreuses expressions des arts sacrés. Ma recherche souligne l'importance du symbole archétypal du mandala dans l'histoire religieuse et esthétique persane depuis les premières sculptures en pierre qu'on a pu découvrir (qui font partie des fondations anciennes de la Perse) jusqu'aux magnifiques plafonds de l'architecture persane traditionnelle d'aujourd'hui. Depuis les expressions artistiques des premières croyances religieuses de la Perse antique - le mithraïsme - et tout au long du développement de la foi zoroastrienne jusqu'à l'essor ultérieur du christianisme puis de l'islam, l'art sacré persan illustre l'idée jungienne selon laquelle l'unité recherchée dans le chemin de l'individuation s'exprime souvent à travers des symboles archétypaux de cercles qui expriment des vérités fondamentales sur l'interaction divine avec l'humanité.

Jung escribió extensamente sobre el símbolo arquetípico del mandala como expresión en muchas culturas de la centralidad y naturaleza de la interacción entre la conciencia humana y la conciencia divina. Este artículo investiga cómo en Persia, durante milenios, el símbolo arquetípico del mandala se ha extendido en muchas expresiones de las artes sagradas. Mi investigación describe la importancia del símbolo arquetípico del mandala en la historia religiosa y estética persa, desde las primeras piedras talladas desenterradas de los antiguos cimientos de Persia hasta los más recientes e impresionantes techos de la arquitectura tradicional persa actual. Desde las expresiones artísticas de las primeras creencias religiosas de la antigua Persia -el mitraísmo- y pasando por el desarrollo de la fe zoroástrica hasta el posterior auge del cristianismo y luego del islam, el arte sagrado persa ilustra la idea junguiana de que la totalidad buscada en el viaje de individuación se expresa a menudo a través de símbolos arquetípicos de círculos que articulan verdades básicas sobre la interacción divina con la humanidad.

A principled link between object naming and representation is available to infants by seven months of age.

By their first birthdays, infants represent objects flexibly as a function of not only whether but how the objects are named. Applying the same name to a set of different objects from the same category supports object categorization, with infants encoding commonalities among objects at the expense of individuating details. In contrast, applying a distinct name to each object supports individuation, with infants encoding distinct features at the expense of categorical information. Here, we consider the development of this nuanced link between naming and representation in infants' first year. Infants at 12 months (Study 1; N = 55) and 7 months (Study 2; N = 96) participated in an online recognition memory task. All infants saw the same objects, but their recognition of these objects at test varied as a function of how they had been named. At both ages, infants successfully recognized objects that had been named with distinct labels but failed to recognize these objects when they had all been named with the same, consistent label. This new evidence demonstrates that a principled link between object naming and representation is available by 7 months, early enough to support infants as they begin mapping words to meaning.

Jungian Analysis of the Chinese Mythological Image of Sun Wukong.

This paper examines the symbolism of the cultural image Sun Wukong (the Monkey King), a Chinese legendary hero, and how it influenced an eight-year-old boy's psychic development. Through an analysis of Sun Wukong's life from his birth to attaining Buddhahood, a three-phase healing process is identified in Sun Wukong's tale and the psychotherapeutic process: "naming and initiating," "nurturing and taming," and "transforming and transcending," proposed by Dr. Heyong Shen. Sandplay visually highlighted these key clinical changes in conscious awareness and developmental behaviour influencing the boy's individuation process. Images found either in cultural traditions or spontaneously emerging from the unconscious in individuals are of significance in human life, offering pathways to psychic healing and development. Further, myths and cultural resources used in clinical work demonstrate that having cultural competency is invaluable in Jungian analysis. Pathogenic and health-maintenance factors of culture can be explored in future clinical practice and research.

Cet article étudie le symbolisme de l'image culturelle d'un héros légendaire chinois; Sun Wukong (le roi singe). L'article explore comment cette image a influencé le développement psychique d'un garçon de huit ans. À travers une analyse de la vie de Sun Wukong depuis sa naissance jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne la bouddhéité, un processus de guérison en trois phases est identifié dans le conte de Sun Wukong et dans le processus psychothérapeutique, et proposé par le Dr Heyong Shen : « nommer et initier ¼, « apprivoiser et nourrir ¼ et « transformer et transcender ¼. La thérapie par le jeu de sable a ensuite mis en évidence visuellement ces changements cliniques clés dans la prise de conscience et le comportement développemental, qui ont influencé le processus d'individuation du garçon. Les images trouvées dans les traditions culturelles ou qui émergent spontanément de l'inconscient chez les individus sont importantes dans la vie des êtres humains : elles fournissent des voies de guérison et de développement psychiques. De plus, les mythes et les ressources culturelles utilisés dans le travail clinique montrent que la compétence culturelle est inestimable dans l'analyse jungienne. Les facteurs pathogènes et les facteurs de maintien de la santé - présents dans la culture - peuvent être explorés dans la pratique clinique et la recherche futures.

Este artículo explora el simbolismo de la imagen cultural de Sun Wukong (el Rey Mono), un héroe legendario chino, y cómo influyó en el desarrollo psíquico de un niño de ocho años. A través de un análisis de la vida de Sun Wukong desde su nacimiento hasta alcanzar la Budeidad, se identifica un proceso de curación en tres fases en el cuento de Sun Wukong y en el proceso psicoterapéutico: "nombrar e iniciar", "domar y nutrir" y "transformar y trascender", propuestos por el Dr. Heyong Shen. A continuación, el juego de arena puso de relieve visualmente estos cambios clínicos en la conciencia y en el desarrollo del comportamiento, influyendo en el proceso de individuación del niño. Las imágenes que se encuentran tanto en las tradiciones culturales, como las que que emergen espontáneamente del inconsciente de los individuos son importantes en la vida humana, ya que ofrecen vías para la curación psíquica y el desarrollo. Además, los mitos y los recursos culturales utilizados en el trabajo clínico demuestran que tener competencia cultural es inestimable en el análisis junguiano. Los factores patógenos y de mantenimiento de la salud de la cultura pueden explorarse en la práctica clínica y la investigación futuras.

Infants' biased individuation of in-group members.

Adults tend to construe members of their group as "unique individuals" more than members of other groups. This study investigated whether infants exhibit this tendency, even in regard to unfamiliar arbitrary groups. Ninety-six White 1-year-olds were assigned to an Ingroup, Outgroup, or No-Group condition, based on whether or not they shared two preferences (food and shirt color) with women appearing on video sequences. In the critical trial, infants saw two women (Ingroup, Outgroup, or No-Group) - one at a time - appearing from behind a curtain. The curtain opened to reveal only one woman. Infants in the Ingroup condition looked longer at this display than infants in the other two conditions. This suggests that infants in the Ingroup condition had a stronger expectation than those in the other two conditions that there would be two women behind the curtain. In other words, infants individuated in-group members more than out-group members.

Quantifying Hand Strength and Isometric Pinch Individuation Using a Flexible Pressure Sensor Grid.

Modulating force between the thumb and another digit, or isometric pinch individuation, is critical for daily tasks and can be impaired due to central or peripheral nervous system injury. Because surgical and rehabilitative efforts often focus on regaining this dexterous ability, we need to be able to consistently quantify pinch individuation across time and facilities. Currently, a standardized metric for such an assessment does not exist. Therefore, we tested whether we could use a commercially available flexible pressure sensor grid (Tekscan F-Socket [Tekscan Inc., Norwood, MA, USA]) to repeatedly measure isometric pinch individuation and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in twenty right-handed healthy volunteers at two visits. We developed a novel equation informed by the prior literature to calculate isometric individuation scores that quantified percentage of force on the grid generated by the indicated digit. MVC intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the left and right hands were 0.86 (p < 0.0001) and 0.88 (p < 0.0001), respectively, suggesting MVC measurements were consistent over time. However, individuation score ICCs, were poorer (left index ICC 0.41, p = 0.28; right index ICC -0.02, p = 0.51), indicating that this protocol did not provide a sufficiently repeatable individuation assessment. These data support the need to develop novel platforms specifically for repeatable and objective isometric hand dexterity assessments.

Quantitative assessments of finger individuation with an instrumented glove.

BACKGROUND: In clinical and research settings, hand dexterity is often assessed as finger individuation, or the ability to move one finger at a time. Despite its clinical importance, there is currently no standardized, sufficiently sensitive, or fully objective platform for these evaluations. METHODS: Here we developed two novel individuation scores and tested them against a previously developed score using a commercially available instrumented glove and data collected from 20 healthy adults. Participants performed individuation for each finger of each hand as well as whole hand open-close at two study visits separated by several weeks. Using the three individuation scores, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and minimal detectable changes (MDC) were calculated. Individuation scores were further correlated with subjective assessments to assess validity. RESULTS: We found that each score emphasized different aspects of individuation performance while generating scores on the same scale (0 [poor] to 1 [ideal]). These scores were repeatable, but the quality of the metrics varied by both equation and finger of interest. For example, index finger intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC's) were 0.90 (< 0.0001), 0.77 (< 0.001), and 0.83 (p < 0.0001), while pinky finger ICC's were 0.96 (p < 0.0001), 0.88 (p < 0.0001), and 0.81 (p < 0.001) for each score. Similarly, MDCs also varied by both finger and equation. In particular, thumb MDCs were 0.068, 0.14, and 0.045, while index MDCs were 0.041, 0.066, and 0.078. Furthermore, objective measurements correlated with subjective assessments of finger individuation quality for all three equations (ρ = - 0.45, p < 0.0001; ρ = - 0.53, p < 0.0001; ρ = - 0.40, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Here we provide a set of normative values for three separate finger individuation scores in healthy adults with a commercially available instrumented glove. Each score emphasizes a different aspect of finger individuation performance and may be more uniquely applicable to certain clinical scenarios. We hope for this platform to be used within and across centers wishing to share objective data in the physiological study of hand dexterity. In sum, this work represents the first healthy participant data set for this platform and may inform future translational applications into motor physiology and rehabilitation labs, orthopedic hand and neurosurgery clinics, and even operating rooms.

Separation-individuation from the community among religious Jewish teens in Israel.

We wished to understand the contribution of personal, family, and community factors to the risky behaviors (RBs) of religious Jewish teens in Israel, and whether sense of community belonging mediated the religious estrangement/RB association. A convenience sample comprised 645 adolescents aged 14-19 (420 female/225 male) from Israel's national-religious sector was used in this study. Sociodemographic characteristics, self-esteem, future orientation, degree of religious estrangement, perceived parental acceptance, and sense of community belonging were reported. Being a male, older, and living in a rural community were associated with more RBs, as were higher religious estrangement and less acceptance from the mother. Sense of community was found to partially mediate the religious estrangement/RB association. We extended Blos's conceptualization of adolescence as a second separation-individuation from the parents to include a parallel process of separation-individuation from the community. The results may help in designing interventions for adolescents in religious communities.

Exploring Kinetic and Kinematic Finger Individuation Capability in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy.

While fine manual dexterity develops over time, the extent to which children show independent control of their digits in each hand and the impact of perinatal brain injury on this individuation have not been well quantified. Our goal in this study was to assess and compare finger force and movement individuation in 8-14 year old children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (hCP; n = 4) and their typically developing peers (TD; n = 10). We evaluated finger force individuation with five independent load cells and captured joint movement individuation with video tracking. We observed no significant differences in individuation indices between the dominant and non-dominant hands of TD children, but individuated force and movement were substantially reduced in the paretic versus non paretic hands of children with hCP (p < 0.001). In TD participants, the thumb tended to have the greatest level of independent control. This small sample of children with hCP showed substantial loss of individuation in the paretic hand and some deficits in the non-paretic hand, suggesting possible benefit from targeted training of digit independence in both hands for children with CP.

Percepções e expectativas de homens trans acerca dos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais pós-transição / Trans men's perceptions and expectations of post-transition affective-sexual relationships / Percepciones y expectativas de los hombres trans sobre las relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de la transición

As identidades transmasculinas ganharam visibilidade social e acadêmica no Brasil a partir de 2010, contudo, as questões subjetivas dos homens trans ainda são pouco debatidas, em particular temas associados aos relacionamentos afetivos na experiência desses sujeitos. Este estudo qualitativo tem por objetivo identificar as percepções e expectativas dos homens trans acerca dos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais no cenário pós-transição de gênero. Participaram da pesquisa 15 homens transexuais hormonizados, com idades entre 20 e 41 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada nas modalidades presencial e on-line. Empregou-se análise temática reflexiva, que resultou em dois temas analíticos. Os resultados apontam que os homens trans, ao contrário de suas expectativas iniciais, percebem que tiveram menos oportunidades de relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais depois de sua transição de gênero. Os participantes atribuem essa dificuldade especialmente ao fato de não terem se submetido à cirurgia de redesignação sexual. O desconforto é acentuado por sua materialidade corpórea divergente da cisnormatividade, sistema regulador que associa pessoas pertencentes ao gênero masculino à presença de um pênis. Outra fonte de desconforto é o repúdio social, que alimenta a abjeção, exotização e fetichização dos corpos transmasculinos. Também são descritas as especificidades do relacionamento dos homens trans com mulheres cisgênero, heterossexuais e lésbicas. Os resultados evidenciam que a fixação persistente no genital, como referente e signo determinante do gênero e da sexualidade, modula e regula a busca e o encontro de parceira(o) íntima(o).(AU)

Transmasculine identities have gained social and academic visibility in Brazil since 2010, but subjective issues, especially those associated with affective relationships, are still little discussed. This qualitative study sought to identify trans men's perceptions and expectations regarding post-transition affective-sexual relationships. A total of 15 transsexual men undergoing hormone therapy, aged between 20 and 41 years, participated in the research. Data were collected by means of in-person and online semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, which resulted in two analytical themes. Results show that trans men, differently from their initial expectations, perceive fewer opportunities for affective-sexual relationships after their gender transition. The participants attribute this difficulty, especially, to the fact that they have not undergone sexual reassignment surgery. Discomfort isaccentuated by their bodily materiality diverging from cisnormativity, the regulatory system that associates people belonging to the male gender with the presence of a penis. Another source of discomfort is the social repudiation, which reinforces the abjection, exoticization, and fetishization of transmasculine bodies. The specifics of trans men's relationships with cisgender, heterosexual, and lesbian women are also described. The results show that the persistent fixation on the genital, as a referent and determinant sign of gender and sexuality, modulates and regulates the search for and encounter of intimate partners.(AU)

Las identidades transmasculinas han ganado visibilidad social y académica en Brasil desde 2010, sin embargo, las cuestiones subjetivas de los hombres trans son aún poco discutidas, en particular las cuestiones asociadas a las relaciones afectivas en la experiencia de estos sujetos. Este estudio cualitativo tiene como objetivo identificar las percepciones y expectativas de los hombres trans sobre las relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de la transición de género. Participaron en la investigación 15 hombres transexuales hormonados, de edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 41 años. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante una entrevista semiestructurada en las modalidades presencial y en línea. Se realizó un análisis temático reflexivo, que dio como resultado dos temas analíticos. Los resultados muestran que los hombres trans, al contrario de sus expectativas iniciales, perciben que han tenido menos oportunidades de relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de su transición de género. Los participantes atribuyen esta dificultad especialmente al hecho de no haberse sometido a cirugía de reasignación sexual. La incomodidad se acentúa por su materialidad corpórea divergente de la cisnormatividad, un sistema normativo según el cual las personas pertenecientes al género masculino deben tener pene. Otra fuente de malestar es el repudio social, que alimenta la abyección, la exotización y la fetichización de los cuerpos transmasculinos. También se describen las especificidades de las relaciones de los hombres trans con las mujeres heterosexuales, cisgénero y lesbianas. Los resultados muestran que la persistente fijación en los genitales, como referente y signo determinante del género y la sexualidad, modula y regula la búsqueda y el encuentro de parejas íntimas.(AU)

O nascimento psicológico e as crises do desenvolvimento no pensamento de Margaret Mahler / Nacimiento psicológico y crisis del desarrollo en el pensamiento de Margaret Mahler / Psychological birth and developmental crises in Margaret Mahler's thought / La naissance psychologique et les crises de développement dans la pensée de Margaret Mahler

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a teoria do desenvolvimento precoce da pediatra e psicanalista húngara Margareth Mahler, dando um maior enfoque às crises inerentes ao desenvolvimento, ou seja, às manifestações naturalmente perturbadoras vividas pelo bebê e pelo toddler, ao longo dos trinta e seis primeiros meses de vida. Mahler argumenta que, quando estas fases de alteração do equilíbrio não são satisfatoriamente neutralizadas, podem surgir neuroses infantis precoces, reconhecidas como respostas exacerbadas e rígidas, defensivas e ambivalentes na relação com o objeto de amor. Com este estudo, pretendemos contribuir para a ampliação do conhecimento acerca da primeira infância, em particular, para a elucidação dos impactos psíquicos de desequilíbrios naturais do desenvolvimento psíquico precoce

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la teoría del desarrollo temprano de la pediatra y psicoanalista húngara Margareth Mahler, prestando mayor atención a las crisis inherentes al desarrollo, es decir, a las manifestaciones naturalmente perturbadoras que experimentan el bebé y el niño pequeño, a lo largo de los treinta y seis.primeros meses de vida. Mahler sostiene que, cuando estas fases de alteración del equilibrio no se neutralizan satisfactoriamente, pueden surgir neurosis infantiles tempranas, reconocidas como respuestas exacerbadas y rígidas, defensivas y ambivalentes en la relación con el objeto de amor. Con este estudio pretendemos contribuir a ampliar el conocimiento sobre la primera infancia, en particular, a dilucidar los impactos psíquicos de los desequilibrios naturales en el desarrollo psíquico temprano

This article presents the theory about early human development proposed by the Hungarian pediatrician and psychoanalyst Margaret Mahler. It emphasizes the crises inherent in development, i.e., the naturally disturbing manifestations experienced by infants and toddlers during their first thirty-six months of life. Mahler argues that early infantile neuroses may arise when these phases of altered equilibrium are not satisfactorily neutralized. These neuroses appear as exacerbated, rigid, defensive, and ambivalent responses in the relationship with the love object. This study aims at contributing to a more comprehensive knowledge of early childhood and the impact of natural imbalances in early mental development

Le présent article vise à présenter la théorie du développement précoce de la pédiatre et psychanalyste hongroise Margareth Mahler, en mettant l'accent sur les crises inhérentes au développement, c'est-à-dire sur les manifestations naturellement perturbatrices vécues par le bébé et le jeune enfant tout au long des trente-six premiers mois de la vie. Mahler soutient que lorsque ces phases d'équilibre altéré ne sont pas neutralisées de manière satisfaisante, des névroses infantiles précoces peuvent apparaître, reconnues comme des réponses exacerbées et rigides, défensives et ambivalentes dans la relation avec l'objet d'amour. Nous avons l'intention, avec cette étude, de contribuer à l'élargissement des connaissances sur la petite enfance, en particulier, à l'élucidation des impacts psychiques des déséquilibres naturels du développement psychique précoce

Atuação em urgência e emergência a partir da psicologia junguiana / The pratice in an emergency service based on jungian psychology / La práctica en la urgencia y emergencia desde la psicología junguiana

Este artigo é um relato de experiência cujo objetivo é refletir sobre a atuação de uma psicóloga no contexto da urgência e emergência no hospital a partir da psicologia jungiana. Utilizou-se como método o recurso da sistematização da experiência, que consiste em sua interpretação crítica, cujo foco é o ordenamento e a reconstrução das experiências para explicitar a lógica do processo vivido. Por meio da reflexão de situações clínicas foi possível proporcionar um lugar para a subjetividade diante do disruptivo e da objetividade institucional do hospital. Teoricamente, o texto descreve as experiências de atendimento hospitalar, espaço em que urge o inesperado e o desconhecido. Aposta-se no simbolismo como movimento da psique para lidar com aquilo que o sujeito ainda não pode nomear, significar, incluindo a vulnerabilidade, as perdas e a questão da morte e do luto, este entendido como a ruptura de um vínculo. Dessa forma, a psicologia analítica se volta para como a entrada no hospital e a fugacidade do contexto de urgência e emergência afetam a psique dos sujeitos atendidos e de que forma esse psiquismo reage às vivências disruptivas e inesperadas.(AU)

This work is an experience report whose objective is to reflect on the role of a psychologist in the context of urgency and emergency in the hospital from the perspective of Jungian psychology. The resource of systematization of the experience was used as method, which consists of a critical interpretation, whose focus is the ordering and reconstruction of experiences to explain the logic of the process experienced. With the reflection of clinical situations, it was possible to provide a place for subjectivity in the face of the disruptive and the institutional objectivity of the hospital. Theoretically, the text describes the experience of entry in a hospital, a place in which the unexpected and the unknown are faced. We believe on symbolism as a movement of the psyche to deal with what the patient cannot yet name or give a meaning, including vulnerability, losses, and the issue of death and grief, this last one understood as the rupture of a link. Thus, analytical psychology will focus on how the entry in a hospital and the fleetingness of the emergency context affect the psyche of the patients and how this psyche reacts to the disruptive and unexpected experiences.(AU)

Este reporte de experiencia pretende reflejar sobre el papel de una psicóloga en el contexto de urgencia y emergencia en el hospital desde la perspectiva de la psicología junguiana. El método utilizado fue el recurso de sistematización de la experiencia, que consiste en una interpretación crítica, cuyo enfoque es el ordenamiento y reconstrucción de experiencias para explicar la lógica del proceso vivido. A partir del reflejo de situaciones clínicas se logró dar lugar a la subjetividad frente a la objetividad institucional del hospital. Teóricamente se describen las vivencias en la atención hospitalaria, un espacio donde se encuentra lo inesperado y lo desconocido. Se considera el simbolismo como un movimiento de la psique para lidiar con lo que el sujeto aún no puede nombrar, incluidas la vulnerabilidad, las pérdidas y el tema de la muerte y el dolor, este último comprendido como un quiebre del vínculo. De esta manera, la psicología analítica se centrará en cómo la admisión al hospital y la fugacidad del contexto de emergencia afectan la psique de los sujetos atendidos y cómo esta psique reacciona a estas experiencias disruptivas e inesperadas.(AU)