Trypanosoma cruzi XRNA granules colocalise with distinct mRNP granules at the nuclear periphery

BACKGROUND Eukaryotic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are important for the regulation of RNA fate. RNP granules exist in trypanosomatids; however, their roles in controlling gene expression are still not understood. XRNA is a component of granules in Trypanosoma brucei but has not been investigated in Trypanosoma cruzi. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the TcXRNA dynamic assembly and its interaction with RNP components under conditions that affect the mRNA availability. METHODS We used in vitro metacyclogenesis of T. cruzi to observe changes in RNP granules during the differentiation process. TcXRNA expression was analysed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Colocalisation assays were performed to investigate the interaction of TcXRNA with other RNP components. FINDINGS TcXRNA is constantly present during metacyclogenesis and is localised in cytoplasmic granules. TcXRNA does not colocalise with TcDHH1 and TcCAF1 granules in the cytoplasm. However, TcXRNA granules colocalise with mRNP granules at the nuclear periphery when mRNA processing is inhibited. MAIN CONCLUSIONS TcXRNA plays a role in mRNA metabolism as a component of mRNP granules whose assembly is dependent on mRNA availability. TcXRNA granules colocalise with distinct RNP granules at the nuclear periphery, suggesting that the perinuclear region is a regulatory compartment in T. cruzi mRNA metabolism.

[Endometrial Chlamydia infection in women with habitual abortion]. / Infitsirovanie khlamidiiami éndometriia u zhenshchin, stradaiushchikh privychnym nevynashivaniem beremennosti.

Endometrial, endocervical, and urethral specimens were obtained from 16 nonpregnant women with a history of habitual abortions. Chlamydia were isolated from the endometria of 4 women, but only in one case chlamydial intracytoplasmic incorporations in endometrial cells were detectable by the Romanovsky Giemza staining. Endometrial Chlamydia infection was diagnosed in 5 of the 16 patients. No Chlamydia were isolated from the cervix uteri or urethra of 2 patients with endometrial involvement. The study has demonstrated that eradication of intrauterine chlamydial infection before pregnancy improves the efficacy of treatment of habitual abortions. It is possible that asymptomatic chlamydial endometrial infection is injurious for the placenta.

[Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with methacycline and doxycycline (vibramycin)]. / Terapiia kozhnogo leishmanioza metatsiklinom i doksitsiklinom (vibramitsinom).

Sixty-nine patients suffering from acute necrotic cutaneous leishmaniasis have been effectively treated with methacycline, 60 ones with doxycycline. Many parameters of these drug's efficacies are similar to those of monomycin, the most active drug for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therapy with the afore-said antibiotics, in combination with methyluracil, an immunocorrecting drug, is a simple and available effective method, that may be used for outpatient treatment of leishmaniasis patients.

[Combined chemotherapy of experimental generalized candidiasis]. / Kombinirovannaia khimioterapiia éksperimental'nogo generalizovannogo kandidoza.

It was shown that combined use of the polyene antibiotic amphoglucamine (AMG) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), rifampicin, or methacycline was much more efficient in therapy of experimental generalized candidiasis. Combination of AMG with 5-FC or rifampicin proved to be the most favourable. The use of these combinations resulted in a 7-8-fold increase in the average lifespan of experimental animals, markedly increased their survival and lowered contamination of the internal organs with the fungus. Combination of AMG with 5-FC resulted in complete healing of experimental mice by the end of the treatment. Summation of the antifungal action of the drugs provided the required effect with the polyene dose 2 times lower than the therapeutic one.

Methacycline hyperpigmentation: a five-year follow-up.

A five-year follow-up is presented of a unique material of patients who acquired a greyish black hyperpigmentation during long-term methacycline therapy for chronic bronchitis. The melanosis disappeared in cases in which tetracycline therapy was discontinued during the observation period but not in those in which doxycycline had been substituted. In two autopsy cases pigment deposits were also found in cartilage and atherosclerotic lesions. Overall clinical and microscopic findings suggest a similarity to the pigmentation occurring in iatrogenic ochronosis.

[Indications and limits of local tri-methacycline therapy in pyogenic infections of the eye (author's transl)]. / Indikationen und Grenzen der lokalen Tri-Methacyclin-Behandlung von pyogenen Infektionen des Auges

In addition to the preoperative treatment of acute dacryocystitis local administration of tri-methacycline proved to be of benefit in cases of endophthalmitis consequent to injury. Its subconjunctival administration is the therapy of choice for serpentic ulcers of the cornea.