RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tinea faciei is a relatively uncommon dermatophyte infection. The studies, which included clinical forms, and isolated species of dermatophytes, are limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study aims to determine the causative organism, clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with tinea faciei attending the dermatologic clinic, Siriraj Hospital, from 1 January 2017 to 30 September 2021. Demographic data, clinical presentations, isolated dermatophyte species, treatments and outcomes were collected and analysed. RESULTS: A total of 151 tinea faciei cases were observed. Trichophyton rubrum (48.6%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (22.2%) and Microsporum canis (18.1%) were common causative agents. Tinea faciei was commonly detected in females (64.9%) with a history of pets (54.6%). Clinical presentations often involved plaques and scales on the cheeks. Among patients with lesions on the cheek, mycological cure was observed significantly less often compared to those without cheek lesions. Patients with other concurrent skin or nail infections, a history of topical steroids and a history of previous fungal infection had a slightly longer duration of mycological cure than those without factors. Recurrent infection was found in 33.3%. Male, history of previous fungal infection, and lesions on the cheeks were significantly associated with recurrent infection. CONCLUSIONS: Fungal infection of the face was commonly found in women and patients with pets. The most common pathogen that caused tinea faciei was T. rubrum. Topical antifungal treatments could be used with favourable outcomes. The history of past infection and lesion on the cheeks should be carefully assessed to be vigilant for recurrent infection.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Arthrodermataceae , Microsporum , Tinha , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Feminino , Masculino , Tinha/microbiologia , Tinha/tratamento farmacológico , Tinha/epidemiologia , Tailândia/epidemiologia , Adulto , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Arthrodermataceae/classificação , Arthrodermataceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Resultado do Tratamento , Idoso , Dermatoses Faciais/microbiologia , Dermatoses Faciais/tratamento farmacológico , Pré-EscolarRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Tinea capitis, a common scalp infection primarily affecting children, is caused by keratinophilic dermatophytic fungi, notably Microsporum and Trichophyton species. Microsporum canis, primarily transmitted from cats and dogs to humans, is rarely reported in non-endemic regions like India. We report a cases involving three family members from Delhi, India, diagnosed with tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis. The index case, a five-year-old boy, contracted the infection through contact with a cat, while his younger brother and sister acquired it through human-to-human transmission within the family. METHODS: Clinical examination, microscopic analysis, and molecular identification techniques confirmed the diagnosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed sensitivity to itraconazole and terbinafine but resistance to griseofulvin. RESULTS: Treatment with oral terbinafine and topical ketoconazole cream led to successful outcomes for all three patients. Molecular typing confirmed clonality of the isolates, indicating human-to-human transmission. CONCLUSION: This case study underscores the significance of considering atypical sources of infection and human-to-human transmission in the diagnosis and management of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis in non-endemic regions. It emphasizes the necessity of thorough contact history assessment and appropriate antifungal therapy for effective control of the infection.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Microsporum , Terbinafina , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo , Humanos , Microsporum/genética , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Microsporum/classificação , Microsporum/efeitos dos fármacos , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/tratamento farmacológico , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Masculino , Índia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Pré-Escolar , Terbinafina/uso terapêutico , Gatos , Feminino , Animais , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Naftalenos/uso terapêutico , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Cetoconazol/uso terapêutico , Tipagem Molecular , Família , Criança , Griseofulvina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Kerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiologic features and efficacy of different treatment schemes from real-world experience. METHODS: From 2019 to 2021, 316 patients diagnosed with kerion at 32 tertiary Chinese hospitals were enrolled. We analysed the data of each patient, including clinical characteristics, causative pathogens, treatments and outcomes. RESULTS: Preschool children were predominantly affected and were more likely to have zoophilic infection. The most common pathogen in China was Microsporum canis. Atopic dermatitis (AD), animal contact, endothrix infection and geophilic pathogens were linked with kerion occurrence. In terms of treatment, itraconazole was the most applied antifungal agent and reduced the time to mycological cure. A total of 22.5% of patients received systemic glucocorticoids simultaneously, which reduced the time to complete symptom relief. Furthermore, glucocorticoids combined with itraconazole had better treatment efficacy, with a higher rate and shorter time to achieving mycological cure. CONCLUSIONS: Kerion often affects preschoolers and leads to serious sequelae, with AD, animal contact, and endothrix infection as potential risk factors. Glucocorticoids, especially those combined with itraconazole, had better treatment efficacy.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Itraconazol , Microsporum , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Feminino , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/tratamento farmacológico , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , China/epidemiologia , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Lactente , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite Atópica/epidemiologia , Dermatite Atópica/microbiologia , Fatores de Risco , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Data on the epidemiology of tinea capitis (TC), an infection of the scalp by dermatophytes, are scarce in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TC among school-children in the Dschang Subdivision, Western Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was carried out in June 2021 in Dschang including pupils aged 5-13. First, a standardized questionnaire was administered to participant for the collection of sociodemographic data. Then, samples were collected and cultured onto Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol-Gentamicin Agar. The etiological agents were identified based on their morphological features and with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 1070 children were clinically examined and 108 (10.1%) children presented with TC lesions. The mean age of the 1070 participants was 8.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 5-13 years); 772 (72.2%) were males. The use of borehole water (OR = 0.01, 95%CI[0.001-0.03]), spring water (OR = 0.2, 95%CI[0.08-0.50]), rainwater (OR = 0.004, 95%CI[0.001-0.016]), and hairdressing salons visits (OR = 0.413, 95%CI[0.196-0.872]) were associated with a decreased TC risk in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. In contrast, sharing bed with siblings (OR = 4.48, 95%CI[2.095-9.60]) was associated with an increased TC risk in children. Among the 32 dermatophytes isolated in culture, Microsporum audouinii was the most frequent (43.8%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (25.0%) and T. soudanense (25.0%). Microsporum canis and T. violaceum were both rarely isolated. Further studies are warranted to assess the association of TC with domestic water usage that has been highlighted in this study.
Assuntos
Tinha do Couro Cabeludo , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Humanos , Camarões/epidemiologia , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Pré-Escolar , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Risco , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Arthrodermataceae/classificação , Instituições Acadêmicas , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The surge in domestic cat adoption across India, particularly the rising preference for high-pedigree cats, coupled with environmental factors, has resulted in increased incidence of dermatophytosis among feline companions. Despite this growing concern, there is a noticeable scarcity of studies in India delving into the etiological factors contributing to dermatophytosis in cats. This disease is a threat to animal health and carries public health significance, given that cats are recognized reservoir hosts for Microsporum canis, a common dermatophyte affecting humans and animals. This study endeavours to identify the dermatophytes affecting cats and establish a standardized therapeutic regimen while accounting for the local stigma surrounding the regular bathing of cats. The study involved the examination of 82 cats presenting dermatological lesions, when subjected to cultural examination in dermatophyte test medium revealed 36 afflicted with dermatophytes. Isolates were presumptively identified by staining using lactophenol cotton blue, Chicago sky blue 6B, and Calcofluor white stains. Molecular-level identification of the isolates was confirmed through PCR-RFLP, amplifying the Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence of 16 s rDNA, followed by restriction digestion using the Mva1 enzyme. Among the thirty-six isolates, 29 were identified as M. canis, while the remaining 7 were M. gypseum. The cases were categorized into five groups and treated with Lime Sulphur dip, 4 % chlorhexidine shampoo, a shampoo containing 2 % miconazole and 4 % chlorhexidine, oral itraconazole alone, and a combination of oral itraconazole with lime-Sulphur dip. Statistical analysis revealed that the response was notably swifter with lime Sulphur dip when considering only topical therapy. Moreover, the mycological cure was most expeditious when combining Lime Sulphur dip with oral itraconazole. These findings underscore the pivotal role of topical biocides in feline dermatophytosis treatment, potentially reducing the reliance on specific antifungals and thereby contributing to the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance emergence.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Doenças do Gato , Microsporum , Tinha , Gatos/microbiologia , Animais , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Índia/epidemiologia , Tinha/veterinária , Tinha/microbiologia , Tinha/tratamento farmacológico , Tinha/epidemiologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Microsporum/genética , Masculino , Feminino , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Arthrodermataceae/genética , Arthrodermataceae/classificação , Arthrodermataceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genéticaRESUMO
Microsporum canis, one of the most widespread dermatophytes worldwide, is a zoonotic microorganism that transmits infection from reservoirs such as cats and dogs to humans. This microorganism is associated with Tinea corporis and other clinical manifestations; however, few studies have used genetic surveillance to determine and characterize the process of zoonotic transmission. In this study, we show a clear example of zoonotic transmission from a cat to an intrafamilial environment, where it caused Tinea corporis by infection with M. canis. Molecular characterization using the b-tubulin gene and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis made it possible to determine that the six isolates of M. canis obtained in this study belonged to the same genetic variant or clone responsible for reservoir-reservoir or reservoir-human transmission.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Microsporum , Tinha , Zoonoses , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Microsporum/genética , Microsporum/classificação , Gatos/microbiologia , Animais , Tinha/microbiologia , Tinha/transmissão , Tinha/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/transmissão , Zoonoses/microbiologia , Zoonoses/transmissão , Animais de Estimação/microbiologia , Humanos , Cães , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , DNA Fúngico/genéticaRESUMO
Tinea capitis (TC) is still a frequent dermatophytosis in France, both autochthonous and imported. A nationwide retrospective survey was performed and a total of 4395 TC cases were recorded within 36 French mycology laboratories during a 6-year period. TC is a disease that occurs in childhood with 85% of the cases occurring before 10 years old and 94% before the age of 15. Anthropophilic origin was predominant with 779 cases of Trichophyton tonsurans (32.6%), 738 cases of Trichophyton soudanense/T. violaceum (31%), and 445 cases of Microsporum audouinii (19.2%). Of note, T. tonsurans represents more than 80% of the cases in the French West Indies (Martinique and Guadeloupe). By contrast, zoophilic species were less prevalent with mainly M. canis (10.3%) confirming the shift from zoophilic to anthropophilic species observed in many centers during the last decades. During this survey, diagnosis methods were also collected. Most labs had a classical process for the diagnosis: microscopic direct examination associated to cultures on Sabouraud and Sabouraud-cycloheximide media (incubated between 25 ± 5°C for at least 3 weeks) in all laboratories. Identification of the causal dermatophyte was performed by microscopic and macroscopic examination of the cultures in 100% of the labs, with various specific culture media available when fructification was insufficient (mainly malt or potato-dextrose agar, or Borelli medium). New techniques were also implemented with the introduction of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification in more than two third of the labs, and molecular identification available if necessary in half of the labs.
A total of 4395 tinea capitis cases were recorded within 36 French mycology laboratories during a 6-year period. An anthropophilic origin was predominant with 33%, 31%, and 18.8% of cases due to Trichophyton tonsurans, T. soudanense/T. violaceum, and Microsporum audouinii, respectively.
Assuntos
Microsporum , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo , Humanos , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , França/epidemiologia , Criança , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Feminino , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Arthrodermataceae/classificação , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Lactente , AdultoRESUMO
Dermatophytoses of the skin and scalp are common disorders in the pediatric population. The resemblance of the clinical presentation to other dermatoses can make fungal infections challenging to diagnose. We present three cases of dermatophytoses in children. The presence of fungi within skin lesions was confirmed in all cases. The diagnoses were "id" reaction in response to Trichophyton tonsurans infection, Kerion celsi because of Microsporum canis infection, and hair loss during microsporosis. Based on our review and clinical experience, we suggest diagnostic paths and treatments for dermatophytoses in children.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Tinha/diagnóstico , Tinha/tratamento farmacológico , Tinha/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/tratamento farmacológico , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Microsporidiose/diagnósticoRESUMO
Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a rare invasive infection, involving both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Since the discovery of inherited immune disorders such as the impairment of CARD9 gene, extended dermatophyte infections are mostly ascribed to any of these host factors. This study is to present and explore the potential causes in a fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma patient. We present a chronic and deep pseudomycetoma caused by the common dermatophyte Microsporum canis which ultimately led to the death of the patient. Mycological examination, genetic studies and host immune responses against fungi were performed to explore the potential factors. The patient had decreased lymphocyte counts with significantly reduced CD4+ T cells, although all currently known genetic parameters proved to be normal. Through functional studies, we demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient showed severe impairment of adaptive cytokine production upon fungus-specific stimulation, whereas innate immune responses were partially defective. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia, which highlights the importance of screening for immune deficiencies in patients with deep dermatophytosis.
Assuntos
Dermatomicoses , Microsporum , Doenças Raras , Humanos , Dermatomicoses/genética , Dermatomicoses/imunologia , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Micetoma/genética , Micetoma/imunologia , Micetoma/microbiologia , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Evolução Fatal , Caspase 9/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-7/genética , Mutação , Doenças Raras/genética , Doenças Raras/imunologia , Doenças Raras/microbiologia , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Imunidade InataRESUMO
Tinea capitis remains a common public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the changes of the predominant dermatophytes of tinea capitis in children in Hangzhou in recent 9 years. METHODS: The age, gender and pathogen spectrum of 650 children with tinea capitis at the Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University from 2011 to 2019 were analysed, and the distribution of pathogens from 1998 to 2000 was compared. RESULTS: Among the 650 cases, 340 cases (48.2%) were males and 310 cases (51.8%) were females. The main population infected with tinea capitis was children aged 0-10 years (620 cases, 95.4%). From 2011 to 2019, the predominant dermatophyte was changed from Trichophyton violaceum (2011) to Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (2012-2015) and later to Microsporum canis (2016-2019). In the past 9 years, M. canis (250 cases, 38.5%) was the most common dermatophyte and followed by T mentagrophytes complex (209 cases, 32.2%). The dermatophyte spectrum was statistically different between the years 2011 and 2019 (Chi square: χ2 = 69.75, P < .05), and the differences in anthropophilic and zoophilic pathogens between 1989-2000 and 2011-2019 were statistically significant (χ2 = 24.4, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Research showed that children diagnosed with tinea capitis were mainly 0-10 years old. With age, the percentage of anthropophilic dermatophytes gradually increased, while the percentage of zoophilic dermatophytes decreased. M. canis was the predominant dermatophyte of tinea capitis in children, followed by T. mentagrophytes complex. The dermatophytes have shifted from anthropophilic to zoophilic dermatophytes in the past two decades.
Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , ZoonosesRESUMO
Tinea capitis (TC) mainly occurs in children, and related studies in adults are rare. We aimed to investigate the current epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of TC and to compare adult and paediatric patients in northern Taiwan. We conducted a retrospective study at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, from 2014 to 2019. The dataset included age, sex, records of underlying diseases, animal contact history, frequent hair salon visits, clinical patterns, treatment and outcome via chart or phone call reviews. The average ages of 72 children and 104 adults recruited were 6.0 and 74.0 years, respectively. A female predominance was noted in both groups, and the ratio of females was significantly higher in adults (94.2% vs 59.7%, P < .0001). Microsporum canis (76.4%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (11.1%) in children, and M. canis (49.0%) and T. violaceum (31.7%) in adults were the most common pathogens. Adults were more likely to be infected with T. violaceum (OR = 10.14, 95% CI = 2.04-50.26) than children. In contrast, adults were less likely to be infected with M. canis than children (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11-0.90). Furthermore, adults visited hair salons more, had less animal contact and were more immunosuppressed than children. TC is not unusual in the adult population. Dermatologists are advised to realise risk factors such as immunosuppression and regular hair salon visit in adult TC.
Assuntos
Tinha do Couro Cabeludo , Idoso , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Arthrodermataceae/patogenicidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Masculino , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Microsporum/patogenicidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Trichophyton/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Dermatophytosis is a frequently encountered dermatological problem in domestic and pet animals which negatively affects animal health and production. This study investigated the prevalence of dermatophytosis in different animals and carried antifungal susceptibility testing in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand. A total of 157 clinical samples were collected from the animals irrespective of sex and age during a time period of 3 years from December 2016 to December 2019. Direct microscopy, fungal culture, isolation, identification, and antifungal susceptibility testing were carried out. Direct microscopy and in vitro culture were equally efficient in diagnosis of dermatophytosis. The prevalence of dermatophytes ranged between 45 and 53.3% and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most abundant species (38%) followed by Microsporum canis (21.5%). All the species observed were isolated from goats and dogs except T. tonsurans and M. nanum, respectively. All the isolated dermatophytes were urease test positive except T. rubrum and T. verrucosum. The hair perforation test was negative for M. audouinii, along with T. rubrum and T. verrucosum, whereas only M. canis was positive for rice grain test. Only T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. verrucosum, and T. tonsurans were able to show optimum growth at 37 °C. Maximum inhibition of fungal growth was exhibited by clotrimazole and least by fluconazole.
Assuntos
Búfalos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Cabras , Índia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Tinha/epidemiologia , Tinha/microbiologia , Tinha/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since the epidemiology of canine and feline dermatophytosis might evolve in response to chronological, sociological and ecological factors, the authors studied the occurrence of dermatophyte pathogens over 27 years subsequent to the last major UK survey. METHODS: Dermatophyte culture submission records from dogs and cats to the Royal Veterinary College Diagnostic Laboratory in England between 1991 and 2017 were reviewed. Samples were routinely cultured aerobically at 26°C for up to four weeks on Sabouraud's dextrose agar containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol; dermatophytes were identified using conventional phenotypic methods. RESULTS: Proportional isolation from cats (15.9 per cent of 1389) exceeded that of dogs (8.1 per cent of 2193) (P<0.001). Together, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes accounted for 91.9 per cent (n=203) and 80.2 per cent (n=142) of isolations from cats and dogs, respectively. M canis was more frequently (P<0.001) isolated from cats and dogs under two years of age. Dermatophytes were more frequent (P≤0.001) in samples from first-opinion rather than referral practice, and from Jack Russell and Yorkshire terriers and from Persian and chinchilla cats (P≤0.002). CONCLUSIONS: M canis and T mentagrophytes remain the most common agents of canine and feline dermatophytosis in the South of England; continued clinical vigilance is required.
Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Gatos , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Linhagem , Estações do Ano , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Species identification of dermatophytes by conventional mycological methods based on macro- and microscopy analysis is time-consuming and has a lot of limitations such as slow fungal growth or low specificity. Thus, there is a need for the development of molecular methods that would provide reliable and prompt identification of this group of medically important fungi. The are many reports in the literature concerning PCR identification of dermatophyte species, but still, there are not many PCR assays for the separate detection of members of the genera Microsporum, especially Microsporum canis (zoophilic species) and Microsporum audouinii (anthropophilic species). The correct distinction of these species is important to determine the source of infection to implement the appropriate action to eliminate the path of infection transmission. In this paper, we present such a PCR-based method targeting velB gene that uses a set of two primers-Mc-VelB-F (5'-CTTCCCCACCCGCAACATC-3') and Mc-VelB-R (5'-TGTGGCTGCACCTGAGAGTGG-3'). The amplified fragment is specific due to the presence of (CAGCAC)8 microsatellite sequence only in the velB gene of M. canis. DNA from 153 fungal samples was used in PCR assay followed by electrophoretic analysis. The specificity of the designed set of primers was also confirmed using the online BLAST-Primer tool. The positive results were observed only in the case of M. canis isolates, and no positive results were obtained neither for other dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte fungi nor for other Eukaryotes, including the human genome sequence, as well as the representatives of bacterial and viral taxa. The developed PCR assay using the proposed Mc-VelB-F and Mc-velB-R primers can be included in the algorithm of M. canis detection in animals and humans.
Assuntos
DNA Fúngico/isolamento & purificação , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Abstract Pseudomycetoma is an extremely rare deep mycosis, caused by dermatophytic fungi that penetrate the tissue from infected follicles of tinea capitis. Both clinically and histopathology are similar to eumycetoma, being distinguished through the isolation of the fungus, which in the case of pseudomycetoma can be Microsporum spp. or Trichophyton spp. genre. We present a 24-year-old man with an exuberant tumor in the occipital region with fistula, whose histopathological examination evidenced grains composed of hyaline hyphae and the culture for fungi isolated the agent Microsporum canis. Combined treatment of surgical excision followed by oral griseofulvin for two years was performed, with resolution of the condition.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Micetoma/microbiologia , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/cirurgia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Dermatomicoses/cirurgia , Dermatomicoses/patologia , Imunocompetência , Micetoma/cirurgia , Micetoma/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis (TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis (ATC) in China mainland are limited. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of ATC in China from 2000 to 2019. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed all ATC reported cases in China mainland, confirmed by mycological examination, by searching PubMed, Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI database. RESULTS: In sum, 40 papers involving 269 clinical cases were included. The average morbidity of ATC was calculated as 9.04% after standardisation. The sex ratio is 1:5.2 (31 male, 163 female); 76 people between 18 and 44 age level and 137 people between 45 and 89 age level were diagnosed as ATC. Culture or ITS sequencing identified Trichophyton violaceum in 70 cases (35.2%), Microsporum canis in 42 cases (21.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte in 32 cases (16.1%), Trichophyton rubrum in 23 cases (11.5%), Microsporum gypseum in 18 cases (9.0%), Trichophyton tonsurans in 6 cases (3.0%), Trichophyton schoenleini in 4 cases (2.0%), Epidermophyton floccosum in 2 cases (1.0%), Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum ferrugineum in one case (0.5%). ATC was easily to be diagnosed as furfur, seborrhoeic dermatitis (13%) or pustular and dermatocellulitis (11.15%).Six immunocompromised persons were recorded (2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: ATC mainly involves postmenopausal women. Trichophyton violaceum, M canis, T mentagrophyte remain the most common aetiological agent of ATC in China. Trichophyton rubrum own the much higher frequency in ATC than in children. For diversified clinical manifestations, recognising ATC profiles will help clinicians avoid misdiagnosis.
Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae , Dermatomicoses , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Arthrodermataceae/patogenicidade , China/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Microsporum/patogenicidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade , Pós-Menopausa , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Three boys from the same city, treated by the same dermatologist, developed tinea capitis. Two of them, 4 and 8 years old, underwent mycological diagnostic workup. However, no pathogens familiar in this country, such as Microsporum (M.) canis or Trichophyton (T.) tonsurans, were isolated, but instead that of a dermatophyte that has not been found in Germany for decades. Both dermatophyte isolates showed white-beige-brownish colonies with a flat, radiating edge and a central, verrucous curvature. The sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA confirmed the suspicion of M. ferrugineum already expressed based on the morphological picture. The anthropophilic dermatophyte occurs in the Middle East, Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa and is considered to be the cause of tinea capitis or tinea corporis in children and adolescents. In 2016, M. ferrugineum has again been isolated in Germany, probably as a result of migration movements. The fungus is strikingly isolated to martial arts, especially wrestlers. It mainly affects children and adolescents, some with a Russian-German background. The anthropophilic dermatophyte is transmitted directly from person to person, especially in the case of tinea capitis. An indirect transmission, for example, via mats in martial arts is likely.
Assuntos
Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Arthrodermataceae , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Microsporum/classificação , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The causative species of a total of 42 403 dermatophytosis cases that occurred during 1966-2015 were surveyed. The most prevalent clinical type was tinea pedis, followed by tinea unguium, corporis, cruris, manus, faciei and capitis. The prevalence of tinea faciei and capitis has increased since the late 1990s and the late 2000s, respectively. The most prevalent dermatophyte species was Trichophyton rubrum, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (the majority of the isolates were Trichophyton interdigitale in the latest nomenclature). These dermatophytes were detected in over 80% of the isolates identified in tinea pedis, unguium, cruris and manus cases. Recently, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans have been increasingly identified. The frequency of M. canis isolated from tinea corporis, faciei and capitis cases started to rise in the early 1990s. T. tonsurans was first identified in Nagasaki in 2003. T. rubrum was the most commonly isolated pathogen in tinea faciei and corporis cases. However, the proportion of cases attributed to it has decreased since the early 1990s, whereas M. canis and T. tonsurans are being increasingly isolated since the early 2000s. In tinea capitis cases, the proportion of each pathogen isolated has changed dramatically. M. canis was first identified in the late 1970s, with an increasing prevalence up to the early 1990s. In contrast, the prevalence of T. tonsurans has increased since the early 2000s. In the 2010s, the most common fungus causing tinea capitis was T. tonsurans, followed by M. canis and T. rubrum.