RESUMO
Research indicates a key role for parenting in a daughter's relationship with food and body shape. One possible mechanism for this translational process is through scripts. The present study used a dyadic design to investigate the relationship between caregivers and daughters' scripts regarding food and body shape. Caregivers (n = 40) and their daughters (n = 40) rated word lists of their current and childhood scripts and caregivers completed an additional measure of their parenting scripts. Non-dyadic analysis showed consistent correlations between daughters' current scripts and their recollections of childhood scripts, and several (but less consistent) correlations between caregivers' current scripts, their own childhood scripts and the scripts they had used as a parent. Dyadic analysis showed consistent correlations between the daughter's current scripts relating to negative eating and both positive and negative body scripts and their caregiver's parenting scripts, and between the daughter's current scripts relating to positive and negative eating and body looking positive and their caregiver's current scripts. No associations were found between the daughter's current scripts and the caregiver's childhood scripts. The results indicate that whilst daughters' current scripts relating to food and body shape are often concordant to those reported by their caregivers, they are more closely linked to what they remember from their childhoods. Further, they suggest that those scripts which do transfer between generations may be more related to body size and negative eating than food per se. Finally, the results suggest that scripts do not inevitably pass across the generations possibly due to parents choosing not to repeat the errors of their own parents or due to the role of factors other than just parenting in creating the scripts we hold.
Assuntos
Cuidadores , Poder Familiar , Humanos , Feminino , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Adulto , Cuidadores/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Criança , Relações Pais-Filho , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Adolescente , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Intuitive eating, defined as relying on physiological cues to determine when, what, and how much to eat while maintaining a positive relationship with food (Tribole & Resch, 1995), has gained a lot of research attention in the last two decades. The present study sought to determine how motivation for regulating eating behaviors is related to intuitive eating and well-being outcomes in dyads of mothers and their adult daughters (n = 214). Structural equation modelling revealed that controlling for dieting and desire to lose weight, both mothers' and daughters' autonomous motivation was positively associated with their own intuitive eating while their controlled motivation was negatively associated with intuitive eating. In turn, intuitive eating was positively associated with well-being in both mothers and daughters. Interestingly, mothers' intuitive eating was also positively related to their daughters' well-being. The analysis of indirect effects suggests that mothers' motivation to regulate eating behaviors has an indirect (mediating) relationship with daughters' well-being through mothers' intuitive eating. The implications for women's health and well-being are discussed.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Intuição , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães , Motivação , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Filhos Adultos/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologiaRESUMO
This study is an analysis of the personal and social meanings of married women's experiences caring for their aging mothers as the eldest daughter in Korean society. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants for this study. The interviews were conducted in Korean, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive phenomenological analysis in four categories: "being the eldest daughter and daughter-in-law in a patriarchal society with nothing but duties"; "the pain of taking care of my mother that invades my daily life"; "The compassion of an eldest daughter who can't turn a blind eye to her mother's miserable life."; and "Support from society to overcome the psychological difficulties of caregivers and help older adults in their daily lives". The study participants felt emotional pain in caring for their mothers, and it was difficult for them to simultaneously play the roles of daughter-in-law, wife, and mother. However, they felt compassion for their mothers' lives in a patriarchal society and believed they could compensate for their mothers' hardships by caring for them. The participants emphasized the need for specialized in-home services that address the specific health needs of the older adult, along with counseling services for their caregivers. In Korean society, when daughters care for their mothers, it strengthens the shared history and emotions between mothers and daughters, affirming female solidarity. Based on the above findings, policy and practical measures are recommended to ensure that daughters who provide care for their mothers can deliver stable care.
Assuntos
Cuidadores , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães , Núcleo Familiar , Humanos , Feminino , Mães/psicologia , Cuidadores/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , República da Coreia , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Idoso , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Empatia , Adulto , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Apoio SocialRESUMO
LAY ABSTRACT: Little is known about the parenting experiences of autistic mothers, especially those who have daughters who are not on the autism spectrum. In this study, we interviewed seven autistic mothers who have raised or are currently raising non-autistic teenage daughters. Mothers were asked to describe what parenting was/is like during their daughters' teenage years. We analyzed the transcripts of the interviews and found several common themes. Mothers described their relationships with their daughters to be loving, safe, and empathetic. Mothers described several strengths when it came to parenting, such as helping their daughters solve problems and using positive strategies to handle conflict with their daughters. Mothers also described challenges they faced when interacting with other non-autistic people and when trying to form relationships with them. Mothers tried to build their daughters' social skills so that they would not experience the same challenges. This study shows that autistic mothers have close, loving relationships with their non-autistic teenage daughters but have trouble forming relationships with other non-autistic people. It is, therefore, important that non-autistic parents are more understanding and welcoming of autistic mothers.
Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães , Poder Familiar , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Mães/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Transtorno Autístico/psicologia , Adulto , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions exacerbated by high mortality rates. International and national guidelines recommend family involvement in the treatment process, recognising the family as an important source of support to young people. Research suggests fathers engage less in the process compared to mothers. In studies exploring parental perspectives, most samples consisted of mothers, with fathers minimally represented. Few studies explore family involvement from the perspective of fathers. This study aimed to explore the experiences of fathers regarding their involvement in the treatment process. Qualitative descriptive methods were used, involving focus group interviews of seven fathers. Interviews were assisted by a semi-structured interview guide. A qualitative content analysis approach was used to analyse the data regarding paternal experiences of engagement in the treatment process. Fathers understood the importance of the whole family working together but viewed mothers as taking a more central role in the treatment process, with fathers more at the periphery. Gender emerged as an influencing factor in paternal involvement, with mothers primarily taking on responsibility for the child with the eating disorder and fathers providing secondary support. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the contribution of gendered roles within the family system and consider this when working with families within the treatment process. Consequently, mental health nurses have an important role in encouraging fathers to become actively involved in the treatment process.
Assuntos
Pai , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Humanos , Pai/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/terapia , Adulto , Grupos Focais , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Relações Pai-Filho , Adolescente , Entrevistas como Assunto , Criança , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Parents who experience depressive symptoms are less likely to use positive parenting behaviors, in part because of sad affect and inconsistency, which can lead to disengaged parenting. Their children also are more likely to get too little sleep, get too much sleep, or have trouble sleeping, leading to increased irritability and defiance, which may make it more difficult for a parent to use clear rules and result in more harsh parenting behaviors. The current study examined whether adolescents' sleep (too little, too much, trouble sleeping) mediated the relation between maternal depression and parenting behaviors (harsh parenting, positive parenting, clear rules). Further, a child's sex was examined as a moderator (ie, moderated mediation). METHODS: The sample (n = 318) consisted of mothers reporting on adolescents aged 16-18 years (mean = 16.89, standard deviation = .429; 53.4% female) from the 10th wave of the Schools and Families Educating Children Study. Measures included the Child Behavior Checklist, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Parenting Practices Questionnaire. RESULTS: Too little sleep mediated the relation between maternal depressive problems and clear rules in the overall sample (ß = .05) and between maternal depressive problems and positive parenting (ß = .11), clear rules (ß = .13), and harsh parenting (ß = .14) for only sons. Too much sleep mediated the relation between maternal depressive problems and harsh parenting in the overall sample (ß = .03), but no mediation occurred for sons and daughters separately. Trouble sleeping did not serve as a mediator in the overall sample but mediated the relation between maternal depressive problems and clear rules for daughters (ß = .03) and between maternal depressive problems and harsh parenting for sons (ß = .09). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that adolescents' sleep difficulties may be one contributing factor to why mothers who are dealing with depressive symptoms have difficulty using clear rules/positive parenting and use more harsh parenting behaviors. In addition, several of these mediations differed for sons and daughters, indicating important sex differences that may help to better inform and design intervention programs for mothers experiencing depression. CITATION: Stearns MA, McCrae CS, Curtis AF, et al. Adolescents' sleep mediates maternal depressive problems and parenting behaviors: daughter and son differences in a majority Black and Hispanic sample. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(6):849-858.
Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano , Depressão , Hispânico ou Latino , Mães , Poder Familiar , Qualidade do Sono , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Depressão/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
This study presents an initial effort to develop disordered eating pathology (DEP) prevention program with an emphasis on maternal involvement. Disordered eating pathology representing a range of behaviors and attitudes, from negative body image to full-blown eating disorder. It appears mainly in adolescent females and related to psychological and familial factors, including maternal modeling of thinness. A sample of 118 Israeli girls (11-12) was divided into three groups: participants in the program in parallel with their mothers, participants without their mothers, and control. Participants completed self-report questionnaires. Groups were tested three times: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up. For those girls who participated in parallel with their mothers, higher self-esteem was associated with fewer pathological diet behaviors. Findings deepen understanding of the risk factors involved in the development of DEP. The main study contribution is the important role mothers play in preventing DEP among their daughters.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal , Núcleo Familiar , Feminino , Adolescente , Humanos , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , AutoimagemRESUMO
In this narrative medicine essay, a palliative care counselor identifies gaps in the meaning of common terms between the medical community and the loved ones of individuals with traumatic injuries by reflecting on her current work as a counselor in a trauma center and to her experiences after her son's fatal car crash.
Assuntos
Estado Terminal , Núcleo Familiar , Pais , Relações Médico-Paciente , Revelação da Verdade , Humanos , Masculino , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Fala , Estado Terminal/psicologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to describe, compare, and examine associations at baseline of reproductive health awareness, knowledge, health beliefs, communication and behaviors related to gestational diabetes (GDM) and GDM risk reduction in a vulnerable population of both American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) adolescent girls and their mothers. METHODS: Descriptive/comparative/correlational analyses examined multitribal baseline data on 149 mother-daughter (M-D) dyads (N = 298; daughter age = 12-24 years) enrolled in a longitudinal study to adapt and evaluate a culturally relevant diabetes preconception counseling (PC) program (Stopping-GDM). The associations between GDM risk reduction awareness, knowledge, health beliefs, and behaviors (eg, daughters' eating, physical activity, reproductive-health [RH] choices/planning, M-D communication, daughters' discussions on PC) were examined. Data collected online from 5 national sites. RESULTS: Many M-D lacked awareness/knowledge of GDM and risk reduction. Both M-D were unaware of the girl's risk for GDM. Mothers' knowledge and beliefs on GDM prevention/RH were significantly higher than daughters. Younger daughters had greater self-efficacy healthy living. Overall sample reported low to moderate scores for both M-D communication and daughters' GDM and RH risk-reduction behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge, communication, and behaviors to prevent GDM were low in AIAN M-D, especially daughters. More than daughters, mothers perceive greater risk of GDM for daughters. Early culturally responsive dyadic PC programs could help decrease risk of developing GDM. Implications for M-D communication is compelling.
Assuntos
Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca , Diabetes Gestacional , Relações Mãe-Filho , Saúde Reprodutiva , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca/psicologia , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca/estatística & dados numéricos , Comunicação , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Diabetes Gestacional/etnologia , Diabetes Gestacional/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Gestacional/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Relações Mãe-Filho/etnologia , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Núcleo Familiar/etnologia , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Saúde Reprodutiva/etnologia , Saúde Reprodutiva/estatística & dados numéricos , ConscientizaçãoRESUMO
Black young adults have disproportionately high rates of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) when compared with the national average. Although parent-child sexual health communication among Black families has been shown to reduce sexual risk-taking behaviors, far less is known about father-daughter sexual health communication when compared with communication among gender-congruent dyads and mothers. This dearth of knowledge hinders the development of sexual health interventions involving fathers that are sensitive to both the gendered and cultural context. Using constructivist-grounded theory, the present study explores the context surrounding sexual health communication between Black women aged 19-21 (M = 20.3) years and their biological fathers aged 52-60 (M = 56.7) years. Seven father-daughter (N = 7) dyads and an additional five (N = 5) daughters completed individual in-depth semistructured interviews lasting on average 84 min in length. Analysis revealed several social, cultural, and familial contexts impacting father-daughter communication, in addition to factors that either motivate or hinder communication. Daughters who did not engage in sexual health communication with their fathers expressed an interest in doing so, and participants highlighted varying behavioral, emotional, and relational outcomes resulting from father-daughter sexual health communication or the lack thereof. Study findings can inform future intervention development and strengthen the positive role fathers play in ensuring daughters' healthy sexual development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Comunicação em Saúde , Saúde Sexual , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Feminino , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Teoria Fundamentada , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Comunicação , Pai/psicologiaRESUMO
RESUMO Os estudos existentes acerca da revelação da violência sexual são, em sua maioria, baseados em casos de meninas. À vista disso, objetivou-se conhecer as reações protetivas e não protetivas de mães e pais diante da revelação de meninos vítimas de violência sexual. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, por meio de entrevistas, com nove mães. Em seguida, efetuou-se a análise temática dos dados, que resultou em seis temas: momento da revelação; confiança e desconfiança; acolhimento; busca de ajuda; emoções; e proteção. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados indicam que as mães apresentaram, no geral, reações protetivas diante da revelação, evidentes em todos os temas identificados. A partir do momento da revelação, as mães confiaram nos seus filhos e buscaram acolhê-los por meio de uma escuta atenta, também, cabe dizer, algumas entraram em estado de paralisia e entristecimento. Esse acolhimento foi seguido de busca de informações e de atendimento especializado. A proteção ocorreu, ainda, por meio do afastamento dos agressores e monitoramento da rotina dos filhos. Nesse sentido, é fundamental que haja investimento em ações de conscientização sobre os serviços disponíveis para que cuidadores possam proteger crianças e adolescentes em risco. Além disso, são necessárias intervenções que visem auxiliá-los no manejo de seus sentimentos diante da revelação, bem como em relação às consequências da violência para crianças e adolescentes.
RESUMEN. Los estudios existentes sobre divulgación de violencia sexual se basan principalmente en casos de niñas. El objetivo era conocer las reacciones protectoras y no protectoras de madres y padres ante la revelación de niños que son víctimas de violencia sexual. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, a través de entrevistas con nueve madres. Se llevó a cabo un análisis temático de datos, que resultó en seis temas: momento de revelación, confianza y desconfianza, acogida, búsqueda de ayuda, emociones y protección. Los resultados indican que las madres mostraron reacciones protectoras a la revelación, evidente en todos los temas. Desde el momento de la revelación, las madres confiaron en sus hijos y trataron de recibirlos escuchando atentamente, algunos de los cuales entraron en un estado de parálisis y tristeza. Siguió la búsqueda de información y asistencia especializada. La protección también se produjo mediante la eliminación de agresores y el monitoreo de la rutina de los niños. Es necesario invertir en acciones de concientización sobre los servicios disponibles. Además, se necesitan intervenciones para ayudarlos a manejar sus sentimientos ante la divulgación.
ABSTRACT. Studies on the disclosure of sexual violence are majorly based on cases involving girls. The objective was to investigate protective and non-protective reactions of mothers and fathers of boys towards the disclosure of sexual violence victimization. In this qualitative research, we interviewed nine mothers and analyzed the data using thematic analysis, which resulted in six themes: moment of disclosure, trust and distrust, welcoming, help seeking, emotions, and protection. Altogether, results showed that mothers, in general, presented protective reactions towards the disclosure, which was evident in all identified themes. After disclosure, mothers trusted their sons and sought to protect them by attentive listening, although some of them entered a state of paralysis and sadness. This welcoming of their sons' disclosure was followed by seeking information and specialized treatment. Protection was also identified by withdrawing from aggressors and monitoring the boys' routines. Thus, it is necessary to invest in actions to raise awareness of the available services so that caretakers can protect children and adolescents at risk. In addition, interventions are required to assist them to manage their feelings towards disclosure, as well as the consequences of violence for children and adolescents.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adulto , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Revelação , Conscientização , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Cuidadores , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Confiança/psicologia , Emoções , Acolhimento , Comportamento de Busca de Ajuda , Tristeza/psicologia , MãesRESUMO
RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou investigar as funções parentais em casais homossexuais masculinos com bebês a partir das teorizações de Winnicott. Trata-se de um estudo de casos com dois casais de homens, um deles adotou a filha logo após seu nascimento, a qual estava com dois anos e cinco meses na época do estudo, e outro recorreu à barriga solidária, cujo filho já estava com um ano e três meses. Foram realizadas entrevistas conjunta e individualmente. Os relatos foram submetidos à análise temática, investigando-se aspectos da prática da parentalidade. Os resultados demonstraram que o vínculo pais-filho(a) foi construído a partir dos cuidados cotidianos, que os casais buscaram dividir de forma igualitária. Foi possível identificar em cada participante tanto aspectos da função materna propostas por Winnicott, quanto da função paterna. Os achados indicam que as funções que os adultos exercem junto aos bebês, mais do que materna e paterna, são funções parentais que independem do gênero ou da orientação sexual do cuidador.
RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las funciones de los padres en parejas homosexuales masculinas con bebés basándose en las teorizaciones de Winnicott. Este es un estudio de caso con dos parejas de hombres, una de las cuales adoptó a su hija poco después del nacimiento, que tenía 2 años y 5 meses en el momento del estudio, y otra recurrió a la subrogación, cujo hijo ya tenía 1 año y 3 meses. Las entrevistas se realizaron de forma conjunta e individual. Los informes fueron sometidos a análisis temático, investigando aspectos de la practica de la parentalidad. Los resultados mostraron que el vínculo padre-hijo se construyó a partir del cuidado diario, que las parejas trataron de dividir en partes iguales. Fue posible identificar en cada participante ambos aspectos de la función materna propuesto por Winnicott y de la función paterna. Los resultados indican que las funciones que los adultos desempeñan con los bebés, en lugar de maternas o paternas, son funciones parentales que son independientes del género o la orientación sexual del cuidador.
ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to investigate parental functions in male homosexual couples with babies based on Winnicott's theorizations. This is a case study with two male couples, one who adopted their daughter right after her birth, wich was 2 years and 5 months old at the time of the study, and another that resort on surrogacy, with a child of 1 year and 3 months. Interviews were conducted jointly and individually. Participants' reports were submitted to thematic analysis, investigating aspects of parenting practice. The results showed that the parent-child bond was built from daily care, which the couples sought to divide equally. It was possible to identify in each participant both aspects of the maternal and paternal functions proposed by Winnicott. The findings indicate that the functions that adults carry out with infants, rather than maternal and paternal ones, are parental functions that are independent of the gender or the sexual orientation of the caregiver.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Relações Familiares/psicologia , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/psicologia , Criança Adotada/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Cuidado da Criança/psicologia , Educação Infantil/psicologia , Características da Família , Relações Pai-FilhoRESUMO
AIM: Parents have significant genetic and environmental influences, which are known as intergenerational effects, on the cognition, behavior, and brain of their offspring. These intergenerational effects are observed in patients with mood disorders, with a particularly strong association of depression between mothers and daughters. The main purpose of our study was to investigate female-specific intergenerational transmission patterns in the human brain among patients with depression and their never-depressed offspring. METHODS: We recruited 78 participants from 34 families, which included remitted parents with a history of depression and their never-depressed biological offspring. We used source-based and surface-based morphometry analyses of magnetic resonance imaging data to examine the degree of associations in brain structure between four types of parent-offspring dyads (i.e. mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, and father-son). RESULTS: Using independent component analysis, we found a significant positive correlation of gray matter structure between exclusively the mother-daughter dyads within brain regions located in the default mode and central executive networks, such as the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and left angular gyrus. These similar observations were not identified in other three parent-offspring dyads. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides biological evidence for greater vulnerability of daughters, but not sons, in developing depression whose mothers have a history of depression. Our findings extend our knowledge on the pathophysiology of major psychiatric conditions that show sex biases and may contribute to the development of novel interventions targeting high-risk individuals.
Assuntos
Mães , Núcleo Familiar , Humanos , Feminino , Mães/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Giro do Cíngulo , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
Guided by the developmental theory of embodiment, the current study explored feminist embodiment as a protective factor that may simultaneously promote more positive (and less negative) body talk and body image outcomes among mothers and their young adult daughters. Results from an expanded actor-partner interdependence model (APIM; N = 169 dyads) revealed that our construct of feminist embodiment, which was composed of feminist attitudes, mind-body connection, and psychological empowerment, has potential benefits for both mothers and daughters. Specifically, actor effects indicated that feminist embodiment was positively associated with both mothers' and daughters' body image, and it was indirectly associated with both women's own body image through more positive (and less negative) body talk. Additionally, partner effects revealed a number of direct effects between one's own body talk and the other's body image, and also that daughters' feminist embodiment was indirectly associated mothers' body image through daughters' positive body talk. This study highlights the empowering and supportive nature of mother-daughter relationships and suggests the potential body image benefits of women experiencing feminist embodiment.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal , Mães , Filhos Adultos/psicologia , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adolescent pregnancy is an important public health problem and a socio-economic challenge in diverse societies. As a tremendously important problem, this issue has caused major concerns, as it exposes adolescent girls to social isolation and physical and psychological harm. So, this study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls and their mothers about early pregnancy, its causes, consequences, and predictors in Tabriz-Iran in 2020-21. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done with 540 people (270 adolescent girls and 270 mothers) in the health centers of Tabriz. Data were collected using the questionnaires of sociodemographic information, knowledge, and adolescent girls' attitudes and their mothers about early pregnancy, its causes, and consequences. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of adolescent girls and their mothers' attitudes toward early pregnancy. RESULTS: The mean (SD: Standard Deviation) of knowledge of adolescent girls and their mothers about early pregnancy was 5.17 (3.11) and 5.57 (3.01), respectively (score range: 0 to 9). Most girls (94.1%) and mothers (87.1%) opposed pregnancy before 18. There was a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of girls (p < 0.001) and mothers (p < 0.001) about pregnancy at a young age. Adolescent girls and their mothers mentioned the lack of sufficient knowledge about sexual relations (57.4% of girls and 66.3% mothers agree) and the lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods (51.9% girl and 59.2% mother agree) important reasons for early pregnancy. Based on the multivariate logistic regression model and controlling for potentially confounding variables, girls whose parents were married under the age of 18 were about three times more likely to agree to early pregnancy than girls whose parents married over the age of 18 (OR = 3.10; 95% Cl: 0.90 to 10.69; p = 0.037). Also, mothers whose other children were married before 18 were almost five times more likely to agree to early pregnancy than women whose other children were not married before 18 (OR = 4.91; 95% Cl: 1.60 to 15.10; p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: The current study results indicate that despite the negative attitude of adolescent girls and their mothers towards early pregnancy, they had a low level of knowledge about early pregnancy. Consequently, increasing the level of knowledge of girls and their families about the consequences of marriage and pregnancy at an early age and creating a culture to correct cultural and social misconceptions to prevent marriage and pregnancy of children can reduce the severity of this damage.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Mães/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Gravidez na Adolescência/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Among adolescents, Latinas are at an increased risk of experiencing suicidal ideation and attempts compared to non-Hispanic, White youth. Previous research indicates that family dynamics are influential as both protective and risk factors. Although significant research has been conducted over the past several decades examining the mother-daughter relationship, few studies have examined the father-daughter relationship among Latina adolescent suicide attempters. The relationship dynamics between fathers and daughters of Latina descent are both similar and unique compared to mother-daughter relationships. Given this, an in-depth analysis is warranted. To address this gap, the present study utilized dyadic thematic analysis to describe father-daughter relationships (N = 10 dyads, 20 individual interviews) and fathers' reactions to their Latina daughters' suicide attempt(s). Three themes emerged from the results (a) dynamic proximity, which describes the variation in emotional and physical closeness between fathers and daughters; (b) father as protector, which describes fathers' roles in protecting or failing to protect their daughters; (c) responses to the suicide attempt, which describes the various ways fathers responded to daughters' suicide attempts, ranging from helpful action to apathy. Themes gleaned from in-depth interviews informed a deeper understanding of these complex, multifaceted relationships, and how they may be linked to fathers' responses to daughters' suicide attempts. Implications for future research and clinical practice with youth at risk for suicidal ideations and behaviors, along with the impact of such experiences on families, are discussed.
Entre las adolescentes, las latinas corren un mayor riesgo de tener ideación e intentos suicidas en comparación con las jóvenes blancas no hispanas. Hay investigaciones previas que indican que la dinámica familiar influye tanto como factor protector como de riesgo. Aunque se ha investigado bastante durante las últimas décadas sobre la relación entre madre e hija, en pocos estudios se ha examinado la relación entre padre e hija en adolescentes latinas que han intentado suicidarse. La dinámica de la relación entre padres e hijas de ascendencia latina es tanto similar como única en comparación con la de la relación entre madres e hijas. En virtud de esto, es necesario un análisis profundo. Para subsanar esta carencia, en el presente estudio se utilizó el análisis temático diádico para describir las relaciones entre padres e hijas (N = 10 díadas, 20 entrevistas individuales) y las reacciones de los padres a los intentos de suicidio de sus hijas latinas. De los resultados surgieron tres temas: (a) la proximidad dinámica, que describe la variación en la cercanía emocional y física ente los padres y las hijas; (b) el padre como protector, que describe los roles de los padres a la hora de proteger o no proteger a sus hijas; (c) las respuestas al intento de suicidio, que describe las diversas maneras en las que los padres respondieron a los intentos de suicidio de las hijas, las cuales variaron desde medidas de ayuda hasta apatía. Los temas obtenidos de entrevistas detalladas informaron una mayor comprensión de estas relaciones complejas y multifacéticas, y de cómo pueden vincularse con las respuestas de los padres a los intentos de suicidio de las hijas. Se debaten las consecuencias para futuras investigaciones y para la práctica clínica con las jóvenes en riesgo de ideaciones y conductas suicidas, así como el efecto de dichas experiencias en las familias.
Assuntos
Núcleo Familiar , Tentativa de Suicídio , Adolescente , Pai/psicologia , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologiaRESUMO
Objectives: Older adults' greater susceptibility to mortality from COVID-19 may have meaningful psychological implications not only for them, but also for their children. In this study, we focused on daughters of older women and examined the intergenerational relationships as a correlate of daughters' anxiety, depressive symptoms, and psychosomatic complaints.Method: Data were collected from 456 daughters of older mothers (M(age) = 40.82) during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Israel, when a relatively strict lockdown was enforced, separating mothers and daughters.Results: Findings suggest that while mothers' objective risk factors (age and morbidity) were mostly not associated with their daughters' distress, the daughters' concern about their mothers, and their perceived ambivalence in the relationship with the mother, as well as structural and affectual solidarity, were.Conclusion: We conclude that the mother-daughter relationship is an important correlate of daughters' reactions to this health crisis. Practically, it suggests that some daughters to aging mothers could be at a greater risk for emotional distress following the COVID-19 outbreak.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Mães , Filhos Adultos/psicologia , Idoso , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Background. The mother-daughter relationship can be central to women who are coping with breast cancer and provide a key source of support. However, the adolescent and young adult (AYA) daughters of diagnosed mothers have been known to exhibit notable distress during this time, withdrawing and avoiding communication, further challenging their ability to cope together. Objective. We sought to identify challenging topics that contribute to this avoidant mother-daughter communication pattern, as a first step in helping mothers and AYA daughters facilitate health-promoting communication. Methods. We examined thematically analyzed transcripts of one-on-one, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 27 women (12 mother-daughter dyads). Results. We to identified 3 broad topics that were challenging to discuss: daughters' future breast cancer risk; emotionally related concerns; and clinical and physical aspects of disease. Thematic properties illustrate the challenging nature of each topic that informed their ability to communally cope together. Implications. Findings provide an initial roadmap for developing communication skills interventions that help mothers and AYA daughters navigate challenging conversations and facilitate communal coping.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Comunicação em Saúde , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Mães/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Adaptação PsicológicaRESUMO
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans increases the risk of PTSD in their offspring, a concept known as "intergenerational transmission;" however, the mechanism by which this transmission may occur is, as yet, undetermined. The present study included a nonclinical sample of 197 Australian Army veterans of the Vietnam War who were interviewed 17 years before in-person interviews of their adult daughters (n = 163) and sons (n = 120) were conducted. Veterans' PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD. Approximately 17 years later, offspring PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV. In addition, offspring described the family emotional climate during their youth; responses were coded using the Family Affective Attitude Rating Scale (FAARS) to produce scale scores of veterans' negative, positive, and family relationship styles. A path analysis was conducted via structural equation modeling to test for significant path coefficients between veteran PTSD, family emotional climate, and offspring PTSD symptoms. For daughters, significant path coefficients were observed between veteran PTSD scores and FAARS scores, path coefficient = -.268; FAARS scores and offspring CAPS severity scores, path coefficient = -.223; and veteran PTSD scores and daughters' CAPS severity scores, path coefficient = .186. No satisfactory model could be found for sons. The results suggest that a positive emotional climate while growing up may be a significant protective factor against the development of PTSD in veterans' daughters, but other factors remain significant in veteran-to-offspring intergenerational transmission.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Veteranos , Adolescente , Adulto , Austrália/epidemiologia , Humanos , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Veteranos/psicologia , VietnãRESUMO
RESUMO. Neste texto, nossa atenção está voltada para entender como as relações de cuidado entre pais, filhos e filhas se materializam nos espaços. A intenção é compreender como as relações de cuidar se espacializam e como uma geografia dos cuidados engendrada pelos pais constitui uma geografia das parentalidades. Trazemos para o debate as pesquisas de Aitken (2019a, 2019b) sobre as famílias eslovenas que foram apagadas pela história, pelos instrumentos oficiais de cidadania e pela Lei de Estrangeiros e como isso afetou as relações de cuidado dos pais com seus filhos e suas filhas. Dando continuidade ao texto, apresentamos um tema que tem sido recorrente em nossas investigações, agora em território brasileiro: as práticas das benzedeiras e benzedores. Os trabalhos de Pereira e Gomes (2018) e Lopes (1998) nos ajudam a compreender melhor esses sujeitos que exercem os rituais de cura - que podem ser considerados práticas de cuidado - em que o benzedor vai forjando ao seu redor uma teia de proteção. Relacionando a figura do pai com a do benzedor, analisamos o personagem Zeca Chapéu Grande, do romance Torto arado, de Itamar Vieira Junior (2020), como uma representação possível desse sujeito que cuida de seus próprios filhos e filhas, ao mesmo tempo em que exerce uma paternidade que se expande para além de sua casa, abarcando todos aqueles que o procuram em busca de cuidado e proteção. Assim, ao longo do texto, a intenção foi evidenciar as relações entre pais e filhos e filhas que se dão nos espaços de suas vidas e como os pais vão criando uma geografia de cuidado em seu entorno.
RESUMEN. En este texto nuestra atención se centra en comprender cómo se materializan en los espacios las relaciones de cuidado entre padres, hijos e hijas. La intención es comprender cómo las relaciones de cuidado se vuelven espaciales, comprender cómo una geografía del cuidado engendrada por los padres constituye una geografía de la paternidad. Traemos al debate la investigación de Aitken (2019a, 2019b) sobre las familias eslovenas que fueron borradas por la historia, los instrumentos oficiales de ciudadanía y la Ley de Extranjería y cómo afectó las relaciones de cuidado de los padres con sus hijos e hijas. Continuando con el texto, presentamos un tema que ha venido siendo recurrente en nuestras investigaciones, ahora en territorio brasileño: las prácticas de los curanderos y bendectores. Los trabajos de Pereira y Gomes (2018) y Lopes (1998) nos ayudan a comprender mejor a estos sujetos que ejercen rituales curativos, que pueden considerarse prácticas de cuidado, en las que el bendector forja a su alrededor una red de protección. Relacionando la figura del padre con la de lo bendector, analizamos al personaje Zeca Chapéu Grande, de la novela Torto arado, de Itamar Vieira Junior (2020), como una posible representación de este sujeto que cuida a sus propios hijos e hijas al mismo tiempo que tiene una paternidad en expansión más allá de hogar, abrazando a todos aquellos que buscan cuidado y protección. Así, a lo largo del texto, la intención fue resaltar las relaciones entre padres e hijos e hijas que se dan en los espacios de sus vidas y cómo los padres están creando una geografía del cuidado en su entorno.
ABSTRACT. In this text, our attention is focused on understanding how the care relationships between parents, sons and daughters materialize in spaces. The objective is to understand how care relationships become spatial, to understand how a geography of care generated by parents constitutes a geography of parenting. We submit to the discussion Aitken's research (2019a, 2019b) on the Slovenian families that were erased by history, by the official instruments of citizenship and by the Foreigners' Law and how this affected care relationships between parents and their children. Further on, a recurrent topic is addressed in our research, now in Brazilian territory: the practices of healers and blessers. The works of Pereira and Gomes (2018) and Lopes (1998) help us to better understand these subjects who perform healing rituals—which can be considered care practices—in which the blesser raises around them a web of protection. Relating the figure of the father to that of the blesser, we analyze the character Zeca Chapéu Grande, from the novel Torto arado, by Itamar Vieira Junior (2020), as a possible representation of this subject who takes care of his own children while expanding paternity beyond his home, embracing all those who seek care and protection from him. Thus, throughout the text, the intention is to highlight the relationships between parents and children that occur in their living spaces and how parents are creating a geography of care in their surroundings.