Visceral adiposity index, fitness and clustered cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents.

BACKGROUND:  Clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been observed in children and adolescents, but its association with visceral adiposity index (VAI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adolescents has rarely been studied. AIM:  This study determines the independent associations of VAI and CRF with the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk (CVDr) among Nigerian adolescents. SETTING:  Adolescents from specific secondary schools in Kogi East, North Central Nigeria participated in the study. METHODS:  A cross-sectional sample of 403 adolescents (202 boys and 201 girls) aged 11 years - 19 years were evaluated for VAI, CRF and CVDr. Using identified risk factors, a clustered CVDr score was generated. The association between VAI, CRF and clustered CVDr was evaluated using regression models that controlled for age, gender and maturity status. RESULTS:  Fitness was negatively associated with CVDr (ß = -0.268, p  0.001), while VAI was positively correlated with CVDr (ß = 0.379, p  0.001). After CRF or VAI adjustment, the independent association with the dependent variable remained significant. The odds of an adolescent with elevated VAI being at risk of CVD was 4.7 times higher than his peers. Unfit adolescents were 2.1 times more likely to develop CVDr. CONCLUSION:  Both VAI and CRF were independently associated with the clustering of CVDr in Nigerian adolescents. The findings suggest that health promotion efforts focusing on healthy diet and aerobic-type physical activity programmes should be encouraged among the youth to reduce the risk of CVD.Contribution: This study shows that improving visceral adipose tissue and fitness may lower CVD risk factors in adolescents, which is significant for public health.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of short-term outcomes: robot-assisted versus laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer patients with visceral obesity.

The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the comparative efficacy of robot-assisted and laparoscopic surgery in treating gastric cancer among patients characterized by a high visceral fat area (VFA). In April 2024, we conducted a comprehensive literature review using major international databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. We restricted our selection to articles written in English, excluding reviews, protocols without published data, conference abstracts, and irrelevant content. Our analysis focused on continuous data using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and standard mean differences (SMDs), while dichotomous data were assessed with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. We set the threshold for statistical significance at P < 0.05. Data extraction included baseline characteristics, primary outcomes (such as operative time, major complications, lymph node yield, and anastomotic leakage), and secondary outcomes. The meta-analysis included three cohort studies totaling 970 patients. The robotic-assisted group demonstrated a significantly longer operative time compared to the laparoscopic group, with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of - 55.76 min (95% CI - 74.03 to - 37.50; P < 0.00001). This group also showed a reduction in major complications, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.48 (95% CI 1.09-5.66; P = 0.03) and fewer occurrences of abdominal infections (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.41-7.14; P = 0.005), abdominal abscesses (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.53-9.57; P = 0.004), anastomotic leaks (OR 4.09, 95% CI 1.73-9.65; P = 0.001), and pancreatic leaks (OR 8.93, 95% CI 2.33-34.13; P = 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed between the groups regarding length of hospital stay, overall complications, estimated blood loss, or lymph node yield. Based on our findings, robot-assisted gastric cancer surgery in obese patients with visceral fat appears to be correlated with fewer major complications compared to laparoscopic surgery, while maintaining similar outcomes in other surgical aspects. However, it is important to note that robot-assisted procedures do tend to have longer operative times.

Association between chinese visceral adiposity index and risk of kidney stones in a health screening population: an ultrasonography based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is an important risk factor for kidney stones(KS). Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI), as a specific indicator for visceral obesity in the Chinese population, can more accurately assess the visceral fat content in Chinese individuals compared to Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). However, the association between CVAI and risk for KS has not been studied. METHODS: A total of 97,645 participants from a health screening cohort underwent ultrasound examinations for the diagnosis of kidney stones, along with measurements of their CVAI. Logistic regressions were utilized to determine the relationship between different quartiles of CVAI and the incidence of kidney stones. Simultaneously, subgroup analysis and the computation of dose-response curves were employed to pinpoint susceptible populations. RESULTS: Among the participants, 2,888 individuals (3.0%) were diagnosed with kidney stones. The mean CVAI values ± standard deviation for the four groups were: Q1 (18.42 ± 19.64), Q2 (65.24 ± 10.39), Q3 (98.20 ± 9.11), and Q4 (140.40 ± 21.73). In the fully adjusted multivariable model, CVAI was positively correlated with urolithiasis (OR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.000, 1.002). Compared with the first quartile of CVAI, the population in the fourth quartile of CVAI had a higher prevalence of kidney stones (OR = 1.231; 95% CI = 1.066, 1.415). Through subgroup analysis, a positive correlation between CVAI and the risk of kidney stones was found in non-smokers (OR = 1.001, 95%CI:1.000, 1.002), non-drinkers (OR = 1.001, 95%CI:1.000, 1.002), non-hypertensive subgroups (OR = 1.003, 95%CI:1.002, 1.003), and non-diabetes subgroups (OR = 1.001, 95%CI:1.000, 1.002). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that CVAI could be a reliable and effective biomarker for assessing the potential risk of kidney stone prevalence, with significant implications for the primary prevention of kidney stones and public health.

[Associations between puberty timing and cardiovascular metabolic risk factors among primary and secondary students].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between puberty timing and cardiovascular metabolic risk factors among primary and secondary students with different genders in Beijing. METHODS: Using the method of stratified cluster sampling by urban and rural areas and school sections, 3 067 students from 16 primary and secondary schools in Fangshan District of Beijing were selected in October 2012, with questionnaire survey, physical examination and serum laboratory testing. In this study, we controlled for confounding factors such as school segments, current residence of the family, birth weight, feeding method, only child, highest educational level of parents, and monthly family income, and then the associations between cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and puberty timing among the primary and secondary students was analyzed by multivariate Logistic analysis. To ensure the reliability of the data, this study adopted strict quality control. RESULTS: A total of 3 067 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 16 years were included in this study, including 1 575 boys and 1 492 girls. The prevalence of premature puberty was 14.73% among the boys and 12.89% among the girls, respectively. The prevalence of delayed puberty was 9.49% among the boys and 10.99% among the girls, respectively. The detection rates of central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia among the primary and secondary students were 35.87%, 19.95%, 2.54% and 26.31%, respectively. The detection rates of 1 risk factor clustering, 2 risk factors clustering and more than 3 risk factors clustering were 29.21%, 16.17% and 9.36%, respectively. The difference in the detection rate of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in different youth stages was insignificant (P>0.05), the detection rate of risk factor aggregation of 0 was lower than that of the timely group and delayed group, and the detection rate of risk factors aggregation of 2 was higher than that of the timely group (P < 0.05).After adjusting the effects of learning stage, region, birth weight, feeding patterns, one-child, family income and the parents' educational levels, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the on-time puberty group, the risk of 1 risk factor clustering, 2 risk factors clustering and more than 3 risk factors clustering increased by 1.94 times (95% CI=1.29-2.91), 2.97 times (95% CI=1.89-4.67) and 2.02 times (95% CI= 1.13-3.63) among the girls; It had not been found that the relationship between puberty timing and cardiovascular risk factor clustering among the boys (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Premature puberty is an independent risk factor for the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in girls, and primary prevention strategies should be implemented to reduce the burden of cardiovascular metabolic diseases in the population.

Associations between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and abdominal obesity: a national retrospective cohort study.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) present notable health challenges, however, abdominal obesity has received scant attention despite its potential role in exacerbating these conditions. Thus, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys III (NHANES III) of the United States from 1988 to 1994 including 9161 participants, and mortality follow-up survey in 2019. Statistical analyze including univariable and multivariable Logistic and Cox regression models, and Mediation effect analyze were applied in study after adjustment for covariates. Our findings revealed that individuals with both abdominal obesity and MAFLD were more likely to be female, older and exhibit higher prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis (7.421% vs. 2.363%, p < 0.001), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (21.484% vs. 8.318%, p < 0.001) and CKD(30.306% vs. 16.068%, p < 0.001) compared to those with MAFLD alone. MAFLD (adjusted OR: 1.392, 95% CI 1.013-1.913, p = 0.041), abdominal obesity (adjusted OR 1.456, 95% CI 1.127-1.880, p = 0.004), abdominal obesity with MAFLD (adjusted OR 1.839, 95% CI 1.377-2.456, p < 0.001), advanced fibrosis(adjusted OR 1.756, 95% CI 1.178-2.619, p = 0.006) and T2DM (adjusted OR 2.365, 95% CI 1.758-3.183, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors of CKD. The abdominal obese MAFLD group had the highest all-cause mortality as well as mortality categorized by disease during the 30-year follow-up period. Indices for measuring abdominal obesity, such as waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and lipid accumulation product (LAP), elucidated a greater mediation effect of MAFLD on CKD compared to BMI on CKD (proportion mediation 65.23%,70.68%, 71.98%, respectively vs. 32.63%). In conclusion, the coexistence of abdominal obesity and MAFLD increases the prevalence and mortality of CKD, and abdominal obesity serves as a mediator in the association between MAFLD and CKD.

The characteristics and risk of obesity central and concomitant impaired fasting glucose: Findings from a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with concomitant chronic conditions. An early metabolic consequence of obesity is disruption of glucose and insulin homeostasis. One of the consequences is impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Visceral fat is metabolically more harmful than subcutaneous fat, but few information is available regarding the association between the risk of abnormal glucose in increased waist circumference. METHODS: This study is based on a cross sectional of 1,381 population-based from Palembang, Indonesia. The eligibility requirements subject were to be older than 18 and consent to taking fasting glucose and lipid profile tests as well as physical exams measuring their body weight, height, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and waist circumference. RESULTS: The number of subjects consisting of 798 noncentral obesity with normoglycemia, 376 central obesity with normoglycemia, and 207 central obesity with concomitant IFG. The prevalence central obesity with concomitant IFG was 35.51%. In subjects with central obesity, there were significant differences in proportions based on sex, age, marital status, education, and occupation. In multivariate analysis show that the risk factors that contribute to having a significant association with central obesity with concomitant IFG are sex (female), age (>40 years), blood pressure (hypertension), and HDL-C <50 mg/dL (p<0.001). The analysis also founded that there was a significant difference in the dietary pattern of sweet foods (p = 0.018), sweet drinks (p = 0.002), soft drinks (p = 0.001) and smoking habit (p<0.001) between subjects with obesity central and concomitant IFG compared to subjects with noncentral obesity. The majority of subjects with obesity central and concomitant IFG had consuming these risky foods >6 times/week. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of central obesity with IFG is quite high. There are significant differences in the characteristics, lipid profile, blood pressure, dietary pattern, and smoking habit of central obesity with concomitant IFG was confirmed in this population-based observational study.

Obesity and risk of hypertension in preadolescent urban school children: insights from Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity and hypertension are growing concerns globally, especially in developing countries. This study investigated the association between overall and central obesity at baseline, and prehypertension or hypertension at follow-up among preadolescent school children in urban Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: This is a sub study with cohort design embedded within a feasibility trial on School Health Education Program in Pakistan (SHEPP) in preadolescents aged 6-11 years, attending two private schools conducted from 2017 to 2019. Hypertension or prehypertension at follow-up were the outcomes and obesity or central obesity at baseline were the exposure variables. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 95th percentile for age, sex, and height. Obesity was defined as body mass index for-age and sex ≥ 95th percentile, whereas central obesity was determined by waist circumference measurements ≥ 85th percentile of age, sex, and height specific cut-offs. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to identify risk factors for hypertension and prehypertension. RESULTS: Analysis was conducted for 908 participants, evenly distributed with 454 boys and 454 girls. Hypertension was observed in 19.8% of the preadolescents, with rates of 18.5% in boys and 21.0% in girls. Prehypertension was found in 16.8% of preadolescents, with 18% among boys and 16% among girls. Additionally, 12.8% of preadolescents were classified as obese and 29.8% had central obesity. Obesity at baseline was associated with hypertension at followup (OR 8.7, 95% CI 3.5, 20.4) in the final model after adjusting for age, gender, physical activity, sedentary behavior, fruits, vegetable intake and hypertension at baseline. Central obesity at baseline also yielded high odds, with prehypertension (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 2.8) and hypertension (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9, 3.9) at follow up in the final model. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a concerning prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension among preadolescent school-going children. Obesity and central obesity at baseline emerged as significant predictive factors for hypertension or prehypertension at followup within this cohort. The findings emphasize the urgency of implementing comprehensive school health education programs aimed at early detection and effective management of hypertension during childhood and adolescence in school settings.

[The Metabolic syndrome and metabolic characteristics in blood donors] / El Síndrome metabólico y características metabólicas en donantes de sangre.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Blood donors are an apparently healthy population in which certain cardiometabolic characteristics are not evaluated in their selection, and there is limited information on their presence. Aim: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome and its metabolic characteristics in blood donors. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study was carried in a population of 244 blood donors between 18 and 55 years of age who attended the Hemotherapy and Blood Bank Service of the Cayetano Heredia Hospital in Lima, Perú during the month of May 2023. The diagnosis of MS was made according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. A bivariate analysis was performed between MS and metabolic characteristics with sex and a significance level of 5% was considered. Results: 63.9% of blood donors were male. 43.6% of the population had MS. The most frequent characteristics found were hypertriglyceridemia (54.5%), abdominal obesity (51.2%) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) low (48.8%). The age range of 40 to 49 years presented the highest frequency of MS (14.3%). Hypertriglyceridemia and high blood pressure were associated with male sex (p=0.003 and p=0.019 respectively), while low HDL was associated with female sex (p<0.001). Conclusions: Blood donors present an elevated frequency of MS. The detection of MS in apparently healthy populations as part of primary care could allow the formulation of strategies for early detection of cardiovascular risk factors.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome metabólico (SM) está asociado a un incremento del riesgo cardiovascular. Los donantes de sangre son una población aparentemente sana en donde ciertas características cardiometabolicas no son evaluadas en su selección, existiendo limitada información sobre su presencia. OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia de síndrome metabólico y sus características metabólicas en donantes de sangre. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 244 donantes de sangre entre 18 y 55 años que acudieron al Servicio de Hemoterapia y Banco de sangre del Hospital Cayetano Heredia en Lima- Perú, durante el mes de mayo del 2023. Se realizó el diagnóstico de SM según los criterios del Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Se realizó un análisis bivariado entre el SM y características metabólicas con el sexo y se consideró un nivel de significancia del 5%. RESULTADOS: El 63.9% de los donantes de sangre fueron del sexo masculino. El 43.6 % de la población presentó SM. Las características más frecuentes fueron la hipertrigliceridemia (54.5%), obesidad abdominal (51.2%) y lipoproteina de alta densidad (HDL) bajo (48.8%). El rango de edad de 40 a 49 años presentó la mayor frecuencia de SM (14.3%). La hipertrigliceridemia y presión arterial elevada estuvieron asociadas al sexo masculino (p=0.003 y p=0.019 respectivamente), mientras que el HDL bajo al sexo femenino (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONES: Los donantes de sangre presentan una frecuencia elevada de SM. La detección de SM en poblaciones aparentemente sanas como parte de la atención primaria podría permitir formular estrategias de detección temprana de factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

Atherogenic Index of Plasma as a Mediator in the association between Body Roundness Index and Depression: insights from NHANES 2005-2018.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a correlation between depression and obesity, as well as between depression and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP). However, there is limited research on the association between visceral obesity and depression, as well as the potential mediating role of AIP in this relationship. METHODS: This study included 13,123 participants from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Visceral obesity was measured with the Body Roundness Index (BRI), while depression was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The AIP served as a marker for lipid disorders. To investigate the association between the BRI and depression, multivariate logistic regressions, restricted cubic spline models, subgroup analyses, and interaction tests were used. Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the role of AIP in mediating the effect of BRI on depression. RESULTS: There was a positive linear correlation between the BRI and depression. After controlling for all covariates, individuals in the highest BRI (Q4) group had an OR of 1.42 for depression (95% CI: 1.12-1.82) in comparison with individuals in the lowest BRI (Q1) group. Moreover, the AIP partially mediated the association between the BRI and depression, accounting for approximately 8.64% (95% CI: 2.04-16.00%) of the total effect. CONCLUSION: The BRI was positively associated with depression, with the AIP playing a mediating role. This study provides a novel perspective on the mechanism that connects visceral obesity to depression. Managing visceral fat and monitoring AIP levels may contribute to alleviating depression.

Combined associations of visceral adipose tissue and adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle with T2D and diabetic microvascular complications among individuals with prediabetes.

BACKGROUND: It's unclear if excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass in individuals with prediabetes can be countered by adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE). We aimed to examine VAT mass, MEDLIFE adherence, and their impact on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic microvascular complications (DMC) in individuals with prediabetes. METHODS: 11,267 individuals with prediabetes from the UK Biobank cohort were included. VAT mass was predicted using a non-linear model, and adherence to the MEDLIFE was evaluated using the 25-item MEDLIFE index, encompassing categories such as "Mediterranean food consumption," "Mediterranean dietary habits," and "Physical activity, rest, social habits, and conviviality." Both VAT and MEDLIFE were categorized into quartiles, resulting in 16 combinations. Incident cases of T2D and related DMC were identified through clinical records. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were employed to examine associations, adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 13.77 years, we observed 1408 incident cases of T2D and 714 cases of any DMC. High adherence to the MEDLIFE, compared to the lowest quartile, reduced a 16% risk of incident T2D (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-0.98) and 31% for incident DMC (0.69, 0.56-0.86). Conversely, compared to the lowest quartile of VAT, the highest quartile increased the risk of T2D (5.95, 4.72-7.49) and incident any DMC (1.79, 1.36-2.35). We observed an inverse dose-response relationship between MEDLIFE and T2D/DMC, and a dose-response relationship between VAT and all outcomes (P for trend < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a nearly linear dose-response pattern across all associations. Compared to individuals with the lowest MEDLIFE quartile and highest VAT quartile, those with the lowest T2D risk had the lowest VAT and highest MEDLIFE (0.12, 0.08-0.19). High MEDLIFE was linked to reduced T2D risk across all VAT categories, except in those with the highest VAT quartile. Similar trends were seen for DMC. CONCLUSION: High adherence to MEDLIFE reduced T2D and MDC risk in individuals with prediabetes, while high VAT mass increases it, but MEDLIFE adherence may offset VAT's risk partly. The Mediterranean lifestyle's adaptability to diverse populations suggests promise for preventing T2D.

Combined impact of sleep and obesity on female infertility in the NHANES 2017-2020.

BACKGROUND: Sleep health and obesity may affect the risk of female infertility. However, few studies focused on the interaction of obesity and sleep health on the female infertility risk. This study aimed to evaluate the combined impact of trouble sleeping / sleep duration and overweight/obesity/ abdominal obesity on the risk of female infertility. METHODS: The data for this cross-sectional study was obtained from National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, which provided information on trouble sleeping, sleep duration, overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and confounding factors. Adopted weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to explore the relationship between trouble sleeping, sleep duration, overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and the risk of infertility, respectively, and the combined effect of trouble sleeping and overweight/obesity, trouble sleeping and abdominal obesity, sleep duration and overweight/obesity, sleep duration and abdominal obesity, on the female infertility risk. RESULTS: This study included a total of 1,577 women, and 191 were diagnosed with infertility. Women with infertility had a higher proportion of people with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, sleep duration ≤ 7 h and trouble sleeping than those with non-infertility. The result indicated that trouble sleeping [odds ratio (OR) = 2.25, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.49-3.39], sleep duration ≤ 7 h (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.03-2.48), and the combined impact of abdominal obesity and trouble sleeping (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.28-3.72), abdominal obesity and sleep duration ≤ 7 h (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.40), overweight/obesity and trouble sleeping (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.24-4.26), and overweight/obesity and sleep duration ≤ 7 h (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.01-3.49) were associated with increased odds of infertility, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was combined effects of trouble sleeping/sleep duration ≤ 7 h and overweight/obesity/ abdominal obesity on increased odds of female infertility.

Central obesity and fat-free mass are associated with a larger spleen volume in the general population.

Background and aim: As the spleen plays a significant role in immunity, the aim was to investigate the associations of different body composition markers derived from various sources with spleen volume in a general population sample. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional data of 1095 individuals (570 women; 52%) aged between 30 and 90 years were collected in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-START-2). We measured spleen volume by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Body composition markers were derived from classic anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, including absolute fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM), as well as from MRI, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and liver fat content. Sex-stratified-adjusted linear regression models were used to analyze the associations of body composition markers with spleen volumes. Results: We observed positive associations of body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio, absolute FM, absolute FFM, and VAT and SAT with spleen volume in men and women. An 8.12 kg higher absolute FFM was associated with a 38.4 mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.7-50.1) higher spleen volume in men and a 5.21 kg higher absolute FFM with a 42.6 mL (95% CI: 26.2-59.0) higher spleen volume in women. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that obesity-related body composition markers and FFM are associated with a higher spleen volume. Particularly, higher absolute FFM showed a strong association with a larger spleen volume in both men and women. Further studies are warranted to understand the clinical significance of body composition markers on large spleen volume.

The Link between Abdominal Obesity Indices and the Progression of Liver Fibrosis: Insights from a Population-Based Study.

There is currently no available information on the correlation between abdominal obesity indices and the risk of liver fibrosis progression. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) with the progression of liver fibrosis. The study also evaluated the association between these indices and the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and liver fibrosis. A total of 1403 subjects participated in the cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based study. Liver stiffness was assessed via transient elastography, at baseline and follow-up (median: 4.2 years). The subgroup with dysglycemia was also analyzed. In the cross-sectional study, the highest quartile of VAI, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity showed significant associations with the prevalence of MASLD and liver fibrosis, as well as with fibrosis progression. However, VAI showed no association with MASLD incidence. Among the dysglycemic subjects, there was no observed association between VAI and the incidence of MASLD or the progression of fibrosis. In conclusion, the BMI, WC, and the VAI are associated with an increased risk of progression to moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis in the general population. However, the VAI does not perform better than the BMI and WC measurement.

Central obesity may affect bone development in adolescents: association between abdominal obesity index ABSI and adolescent bone mineral density.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have suggested that obesity defined by body mass index(BMI) is a protective factor for bone mineral density(BMD), but have overlooked the potential influence of different types of obesity. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between abdominal obesity index A Body Shape Index(ABSI) and adolescent bone density, and analyze the relationship between abdominal obesity and bone metabolism. METHODS: A total of 1557 adolescent participants were included in NHANES from 2007 to 2018. Calculate the ABSI using a specific formula that takes into account waist circumference and BMI. A weighted multiple linear regression model is used to evaluate the linear correlation between ABSI and BMD. Forest plots are used to analyze the correlations between subgroups, and cubic splines are limited to evaluate the nonlinear correlations and saturation effects between ABSI and BMD. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a significant linear correlation (P < 0.01) between ABSI and femoral BMD, both as a continuous variable and an ordered categorical variable. The restrictive cubic spline curve indicates a significant nonlinear correlation and saturation effect between adolescent ABSI and BMD. CONCLUSION: Research has shown a significant negative correlation between ABSI and BMD at the four detection sites of the femur, and this correlation may vary slightly due to age, race, family income, and different detection sites. The research results indicate that compared to overall body weight, fat distribution and content may be more closely related to bone metabolism.

Short-term outcome of intracorporeal ileocolonic anastomosis in patients with visceral obesity.

The primary objective of this study was to compare short-term outcomes between Intracorporeal ileocolic anastomosis (IIA) and extracorporeal ileocolic anastomosis (EIA) after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in patients with visceral obesity. The secondary objective was to identify risk factors associated with prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. This single-center retrospective study analyzed visceral obesity patients who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for primary bowel cancer between January 2020 and June 2023. Patients were categorized into IIA and EIA groups based on the type of anastomosis, and a 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis was performed. A total of 129 patients were initially included in this study, with 45 patients in each group following propensity score matching. The IIA group had significantly longer anastomosis times (p < 0.001), shorter incision length (p < 0.001), and shorter length of stay (p = 0.003) than the EIA group. Meanwhile, the IIA group showed a shorter time to first flatus (p = 0.044) and quicker tolerance of a solid diet (p = 0.030). On multivariate analysis, postoperative use of opioid analgesics is an independent risk factor for PPOI (OR: 3.590 95% CI 1.033-12.477, p = 0.044), while IIA is an independent protective factor (OR: 0.195 95% CI 0.045-0.843, p = 0.029). IIA remains a safe and feasible option for visceral obesity patients. It is also associated with a quicker recovery of bowel function and shorter length of stay when compared to EIA. Additionally, IIA is an independent protective factor for PPOI.

How do lifestyle factors modify the association between genetic predisposition and obesity-related phenotypes? A 4-way decomposition analysis using UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and central obesity are multifactorial conditions with genetic and non-genetic (lifestyle and environmental) contributions. There is incomplete understanding of whether lifestyle modifies the translation from respective genetic risks into phenotypic obesity and central obesity, and to what extent genetic predisposition to obesity and central obesity is mediated via lifestyle factors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 201,466 (out of approximately 502,000) European participants from UK Biobank and tested for interactions and mediation role of lifestyle factors (diet quality; physical activity levels; total energy intake; sleep duration, and smoking and alcohol intake) between genetic risk for obesity and central obesity. BMI-PRS and WHR-PRS are exposures and obesity and central obesity are outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 42.8% of the association between genetic predisposition to obesity and phenotypic obesity was explained by lifestyle: 0.9% by mediation and 41.9% by effect modification. A significant difference between men and women was found in central obesity; the figures were 42.1% (association explained by lifestyle), 1.4% (by mediation), and 40.7% (by modification) in women and 69.6% (association explained by lifestyle), 3.0% (by mediation), and 66.6% (by modification) in men. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of the association between genetic predisposition to obesity/central obesity and phenotypic obesity/central obesity was explained by lifestyles. Future studies with repeated measures of obesity and lifestyle would be needed to clarify causation.

Fetal abdominal obesity in women with one value abnormality on diagnostic test for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Previous studies have shown that fetal abdominal obesity (FAO) was already observed at the time of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis and persisted until delivery despite management in older and/or obese women. In this study, we investigated whether fetuses of women with milder hyperglycemia than GDM have accelerated abdominal growth, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 7,569 singleton pregnant women who were universally screened using a 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) and underwent a 3-h 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) if GCT result was ≥140mg/dL. GDM, one value abnormality (OVA), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, NGT1: GCT negative, NGT2: GCT positive & OGTT negative) were diagnosed using Carpenter-Coustan criteria. With fetal biometry data measured simultaneously with 50-g GCT, relative fetal abdominal overgrowth was investigated by assessing the fetal abdominal overgrowth ratios (FAORs) of the ultrasonographically estimated gestational age (GA) of abdominal circumference(AC) per actual GA by the last menstruation period(LMP), biparietal diameter(BPD) or femur length(FL), respectively. FAO was defined as FAOR ≥90th percentile The FAORs of GA-AC/GA-LMP and GA-AC/GA-BPD were significantly higher in OVA subjects compared to NGT subjects but not in NGT2 subjects. Although the frequency of FAO in OVA (12.1%) was between that of NGT (9.6%) and GDM (18.3%) without statistically significant difference, the prevalence of large for gestational age at birth and primary cesarean delivery rates were significantly higher in OVA (9.8% and 29.7%) than in NGT (5.1% and 21.5%, p<0.05). Particularly, among OVA subjects with FAO, the prevalence (33.3% and 66.7%) was significantly higher than in those without FAO (9.7% and 24.2%, p<0.05). The degree of fetal abdominal growth acceleration in OVA subjects was intermediate between that of NGT and GDM subjects. OVA subjects with FAO at the time of GDM diagnosis were strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Associations between waist-to-height ratio and abdominal aortic calcification: A cross-sectional study.

Waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) is a validated biomarker of central obesity that appears to be preferable to other body composition measurements in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease. The goal of this research was to explore the connection between WtHR and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) among adults. On the basis of data from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, multivariate logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, as well as smoothed curve fitting were used to evaluate the connection between WtHR and AAC. Subgroup analyses along with interaction tests were done to see if this link was consistent across populations. Among 3079 participants aged >40 years, there was a negative association between WtHR and ACC. Each 1-unit emergence of WtHR was related to a 2% reduction in the probability of severe AAC in the entirely adjusted model (odds ratio = 0.02, 95% confidence interval: [0.00-0.12]). Participants in the highest WtHR quartile were 39% less likely to acquire severe AAC compared with those in the lowest quartile. (odds ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval: [0.37-1.00]). This negative association was more pronounced in the diabetes subgroup. We discovered a reversed U-shaped association between WtHR as well as AAC score utilizing a 2-stage linear regression model, with an intersection point of 0.56. WtHR was negatively associated with AAC among US adults.

Sex difference in the associations among secondhand smoke with metabolic syndrome in non-smokers in a large Taiwanese population follow-up study.

Close associations among secondhand smoke (SHS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components have been demonstrated, however sex differences in these associations remain unclear. We collected 121,364 participants from the Taiwan Biobank, and excluded those with smoking history, the remaining 88,297 participants (male: 18,595; female: 69,702; mean age 50.1 ± 11.0 years) were included. SHS exposure was evaluated based on self-reported questionnaires. SHS was associated with MetS (odds ratio [OR], 1.268, p < 0.001 for males vs. 1.180, p < 0.001 for females), abdominal obesity (OR, 1.234, p < 0.001 for males vs. 1.199, p < 0.001 for females), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 1.183, p = 0.008 for males vs. 1.094, p = 0.011 for females), hyperglycemia (OR, 1.286, p < 0.001 for males vs. 1.234, p < 0.001 for females), but not with hypertriglyceridemia. SHS was associated with high blood pressure (BP) (OR, 1.278, p < 0.001) only in males, but not in females. Furthermore, significant interactions were found between sex x SHS on MetS (p = 0.023), abdominal obesity (p = 0.032), and elevated BP (p < 0.001). Moreover, the participants who were exposed to SHS for ≥1 hour per week were associated with a higher risk (OR = 1.316, p = 0.001 in males vs. OR = 1.220, p < 0.001 in females) of MetS compared to those with no exposure. These results showed an association between SHS and a high OR for MetS in both the males and females. Furthermore, sex differences were identified in the associations between SHS and MetS and its components, and SHS was more closely related to MetS, abdominal obesity, and high BP in males than in females.