Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 572
Filtrar
1.
J Med Microbiol ; 73(9)2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39292222

RESUMO

Introduction. Multidrug-resistant infections present a critical public health due to scarce treatment options and high mortality. Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil (O.geo) is a natural resource rich in eugenol known for its antimicrobial activity.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. O.geo may exert effective antimicrobial activity against polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and, when combined with Polymyxin B (PMB), may exhibit a synergistic effect, enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing antimicrobial resistance.Aim. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity of O.geo against polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae using in vitro tests and an in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model.Methodology. The O.geo was obtained by hydrodistillation followed by gas chromatography. The MIC and antibiofilm activity were determined using broth microdilution. Checkerboard and time-kill assays evaluated the combination of O.geo and polymyxin B (PMB), whereas a protein leakage assay verified its action.Results. Eugenol (39.67%) was a major constituent identified. The MIC of the O.geo alone ranged from 128 to 512 µg ml-1. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (0.28) and time-kill assay showed a synergism. In addition, O.geo and PMB inhibited biofilm formation and increased protein leakage in the plasma membrane. The treatment was tested in vivo using a Caenorhabditis elegans model, and significantly increased survival without toxicity was observed.Conclusion. O.geo could be used as a potential therapeutic alternative to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially in combination with PMB.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Caenorhabditis elegans , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ocimum , Óleos Voláteis , Polimixina B , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Ocimum/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Polimixina B/farmacologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Polimixinas/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla
2.
J Appl Microbiol ; 135(9)2024 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39237458

RESUMO

AIMS: Evaluate the in vitro efficacy of the essential oils derived from Aloysia citrodora (Verbenaceae), Cymbopogon winterianus (Poaceae), and Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) against Acanthamoeba polyphaga trophozoites. Additionally, microemulsions formulated with these essential oils, along with their major components, were analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS: The prepared microemulsions were characterized using polarized light microscopy and rheological techniques. The amoebicidal activity was determined by measuring the inhibitory concentration (IC50). Flow cytometry was employed to detect membrane damage and alterations in trophozoites size. The results revealed transparent and thermodynamically stable microemulsions. The essential oil from O. gratissimum exhibited a lower IC50, with values of 280.66 and 47.28 µg ml-1 after 24 and 48 h, respectively. When microemulsions containing essential oils were tested, the IC50 values exhibited a reduction of over 80% after 24 h. Particularly, eugenol, a constituent of the O. gratissimum essential oil, displayed higher amoebicidal activity. The essential oils also caused damage to the cell membrane, resulting in the subsequent death of the trophozoites. CONCLUSIONS: The EOs of A. citrodora, C. winterianus, and O. gratissimum and their microemulsions showed antiparasitic effect against A. polyphaga trophozoites, representing promising alternatives for the treatment of diseases caused by this protozoan.


Assuntos
Acanthamoeba , Cymbopogon , Emulsões , Ocimum , Óleos Voláteis , Trofozoítos , Verbenaceae , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Cymbopogon/química , Ocimum/química , Emulsões/farmacologia , Trofozoítos/efeitos dos fármacos , Acanthamoeba/efeitos dos fármacos , Verbenaceae/química , Amebicidas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
3.
Pak J Biol Sci ; 27(8): 426-438, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39300679

RESUMO

<b>Background and Objective:</b> The clover plant (alfalfa) is considered the primary fiber source in the rabbit diet in Mediterranean Sea countries like Egypt, so researchers are always trying to find alternatives and aromatic and medicinal plant remnants could be one of them. So, this study was designed to determine the effects of some aromatic and medicinal plant remnants on New Zealand white rabbits' blood hematological and biochemical aspects. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 108 weaned white New Zealand rabbits at five weeks of age were used to consider the effect of using remnants of mint, fennel, basil and anise with or without probiotics to replace 50% from alfalfa hay in rabbits' diets. Four remnants were obtained after etheric oil distillation and were incorporated in rabbit diets at level 17.5% without probiotics and with probiotics (replacement 50% of alfalfa hay). Rabbits were randomly assigned into nine experimental groups; the experimental period lasted eight weeks. Rabbit blood hematological and blood biochemical were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> The highest values of RBC 6.03 µL, HCT 37.13%, WBC 12.70 µL and lymph percentage were found in the basil+probiotics group. In contrast, the highest value of hemoglobin (HGB 10,50 g/dL), MCV 64.13 fl, MCH 23.27pg, MCHC 36.40 g/dL, PLT 463 µL, urea 50.33 mg/dL and creatinine 1.30 mg/dL were found in anise+probiotic group. In contrast, RDW-CV 33.17%, Mid 13.17 µL, granulocytes (Gran 7.13 µL) and PDW 16.73 in the mint group. Furthermore, RDW-SD (34.40 fl) and procalcitonin (PCT 0.35%) were found in the control group and the highest values ALT 142 IU/L and AST 77.33 IU/L were found in the fennel group. The highest albumin value (3.10 g/dL) was found in the anise group and the highest total protein (TP 5.23 g/dL) was found in the mint+probiotic group. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results proved that using these medicinal plant remnants and probiotics as substitutes for half the amount of alfalfa used in the diet of New Zealand white rabbits did not have a negative effect and improved their health condition.


Assuntos
Ração Animal , Foeniculum , Animais , Coelhos , Foeniculum/química , Ocimum basilicum/química , Probióticos , Dieta/veterinária , Ocimum , Medicago sativa
4.
Nutrients ; 16(16)2024 Aug 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39203873

RESUMO

Previous in vitro studies in our laboratory demonstrated that ethyl acetate (P2) and water- soluble (PS/PT1) fractionated leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. It has been reported that the crude aqueous extract induces apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells; however, the efficacy of the fractionated extracts against these cells remains unclear. In the present study, we hypothesized that the ability of the fractionated extracts to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis is associated with the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins and induction of DNA condensation in A549 cells. Ocimum gratissimum was cultivated and its leaves were harvested, extracted, and fractionated to produce fractions P2 and PS/PT1. Anti-proliferative activity was assessed by direct cell count. For morphological characterization of apoptosis, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was employed. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the apoptotic activity of the fractionated extracts. In data generated from anti-proliferation studies, P2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner; PS/PT1 elicited a decrease in the viability of cells, occurring at 500 µg/mL. 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining revealed the induction of apoptosis, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies. Increased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins were observed as the concentrations of the fractionated extracts increased. These results suggest that fractionated leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of A549 cells.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Ocimum , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Humanos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Ocimum/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células A549 , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação
5.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(15)2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39125994

RESUMO

Ocimum gratissimum (O. gratissimum), a medicinal herb with antifungal and antiviral activities, has been found to prevent liver injury and liver fibrosis and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts of O. gratissimum (OGE) on improving the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in HCC cells. Proteomic identification and functional assays were used to uncover the critical molecules responsible for OGE-induced sensitization mechanisms. The antitumor activity of OGE in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug was evaluated in a mouse orthotopic tumor model, and serum biochemical tests were further utilized to validate liver function. OGE sensitized HCC cells to the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Proteomic analysis and Western blotting validation revealed the sensitization effect of OGE, likely achieved through the inhibition of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1). Mechanically, OGE treatment resulted in BRCA1 protein instability and increased proteasomal degradation, thereby synergistically increasing cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Moreover, OGE effectively inhibited cell migration and invasion, modulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impaired stemness properties in HCC cells. The combinatorial use of OGE enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin and potentially restored liver function in a mouse orthotopic tumor model. Our findings may provide an alternate approach to improving chemotherapy efficacy in HCC.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1 , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Cisplatino , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Ocimum , Extratos Vegetais , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Animais , Humanos , Ocimum/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Camundongos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Proteína BRCA1/metabolismo , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos
6.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 334: 118508, 2024 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950795

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plant vernacular names can provide clues about the popular use of a species in different regions and are valuable sources of information about the culture or vocabulary of a population. Several medicinal plants in Brazil have received names of medicines and brand-name products. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity in the central nervous system of three species known popularly by brand names of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and digestive drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hydroethanolic extracts of Alternanthera dentata (AD), Ocimum carnosum (OC), and Plectranthus barbatus (PB) aerial parts were submitted to phytochemical analysis by HPLC-PAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluated in animal models at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Mice were tested on hot plate, acetic acid-induced writing, formalin-induced licking, and intestinal transit tests. Aspirin and morphine were employed as standard drugs. RESULTS: The three extracts did not change the mice's response on the hot plate. Hydroethanolic extracts of AD and PB reduced the number of writhes and licking time, while OC was only effective on the licking test at dose of 1000 mg/kg. In addition, AD and OC reduced intestinal transit, while PB increased gut motility. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacological tests supported some popular uses, suggesting peripheral antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, while the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of several flavonoids in the three hydroethanolic extracts and steroids in PB, with some barbatusterol derivatives described for the first time in the species.


Assuntos
Amaranthaceae , Analgésicos , Anti-Inflamatórios , Parassimpatolíticos , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais , Plectranthus , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/química , Camundongos , Parassimpatolíticos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Masculino , Amaranthaceae/química , Plectranthus/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Ocimum/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Brasil , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos
7.
Environ Pollut ; 356: 124289, 2024 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38825219

RESUMO

The effects of the surrounding environment on the bacterial composition of bioaerosol were well documented for polluted and contaminated sites. However, there is limited data on the impact of plant species, especially those that produce aromas, on bioaerosol composition at agricultural sites. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the variability in bacterial communities present in bioaerosol samples collected from agricultural sites with aroma-producing crops. For this, PM2.5, PM10, and bioaerosol samples were collected from agricultural fields growing Ocimum [two varieties of O. sanctum (CIM-Aayu and CIM-Angana)] and O. kilimandscharicum (Kapoor), nearby traffic junctions and suburban areas. PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at the agricultural site were in between the other two polluted sites. However, bioaerosol concentration was lower at agricultural sites than at other sites. The culturable bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were more prevalent in agricultural sites than in other areas. However, the composition of non-culturable bacteria varied between sites and differed in three fields where Ocimum was cultivated. The CIM-Aayu cultivated area showed a high bacterial richness, lower Simpson and Shannon indices, and a distinctive metabolic profile. The sites CIM-Angana and CIM-Kapoor had a higher abundance of Aeromonas, while Pantoea and Pseudomonas were present at CIM-Aayu. Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus were the dominant genera at the other two sites. Metabolic profiling showed that the CIM-Aayu site had a higher prevalence of pathways related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism and environmental information processing compared to other sites. The composition of bioaerosol among the three different Ocimum sites could be due to variations in the plant volatile and cross-feeding nature of bacterial isolates, which further needs to be explored.


Assuntos
Aerossóis , Agricultura , Microbiologia do Ar , Poluentes Atmosféricos , Bactérias , Ocimum , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental
8.
Food Res Int ; 188: 114408, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38823853

RESUMO

Biopreservation strategies such as the use of Mediterranean plant extracts to ensure food safety are promising to deal with the emergence of antimicrobial resistances and the overreliance on food chemical additives. In the last few decades, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for evaluating the in vitro antibacterial potential of plant extracts against the most relevant foodborne pathogens has been widely reported in the literature. The current meta-analysis aimed to summarise and analyse the extensive evidence available in the literature regarding the in vitro antimicrobial capability of Allium, Ocimum and Thymus spp. extracts against foodborne pathogens. A systematic review was carried out to gather data on AST results of these extracts against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, including inhibition diameters (ID) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). A total of 742 records were gathered from a raw collection of 2,065 articles. Weighted mixed-effect linear models were adjusted to data to obtain pooled ID, pooled MIC and the relationship between both model estimations and observations. The pooled results revealed B. cereus as the most susceptible bacteria to Allium sativum (pooled ID = 20.64 ± 0.61 mm) by diffusion methods and S. aureus (pooled MIC = 0.146 mg/mL) by dilution methods. Diffusion methods did not yield conclusive results for Ocimum spp. extracts; however, the lowest pooled MIC was obtained for S. aureus (0.263 mg/mL). Among the foodborne pathogens evaluated, B. cereus showed the highest sensitivity to Thymus spp. extracts by both diffusion and dilution methods (pooled ID = 28.90 ± 2.34 mm and MIC = 0.075 mg/mL). The methodology used for plant extraction was found to not significantly affect MIC values (p > 0.05). Overall, the antimicrobial effectiveness of the studied extracts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated. Finally, the robustness of the meta-regression model was confirmed, also revealing an inversely proportional correlation between the ID and MIC measurements (p < 0.0001). These results provide a robust scientific basis on the factors affecting the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of extracts from Mediterranean plants. They also provide valuable information for stakeholders involved in their industrial application in food, including producers, regulatory agencies and consumers which demand green-labelled foods.


Assuntos
Allium , Antibacterianos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ocimum , Extratos Vegetais , Thymus (Planta) , Thymus (Planta)/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ocimum/química , Allium/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacillus cereus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/crescimento & desenvolvimento
9.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0295463, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38809950

RESUMO

The use of plants in the biological production of silver nanoparticles for antibacterial applications is a growing field of research. In the current work, we formulated Ocimum kilimandscharicum extracts using silver nanoparticles, and evaluated its potential antibacterial activity. Aqueous and methanol plant extracts were used to reduce silver nitrate at different time intervals (30 to 150 minutes) and pH (2 to 11). The UV-visible absorption spectrum recorded for methanol and aqueous extracts revealed a successful synthesis of AgNPs for methanol and aqueous extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella choleraesuius ATCC 10708, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 The best inhibition zone for the methanol and aqueous-mediated AgNPs, ranging from 12 ± 1 to 16 ± 1mm. Additionally, the methanol and aqueous extract silver nanoparticles had the same Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (6.25 ± 0.00 mg/ml), whereas the Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations were 12.5 ± 0.00 and 25 ± 0.00 mg/ml, respectively. The highest inhibition zone of 16 ± 1 mm was observed against Salmonella choleraesuius with 50 ± 0.00 mg/ml aqueous silver nanoparticles. The results show that the silver nanoparticles made with Ocimum kilimandscharicum have antibacterial action against those microorganisms.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ocimum , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Prata , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Antibacterianos/química , Prata/química , Prata/farmacologia , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Ocimum/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos
10.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 11707, 2024 05 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38777818

RESUMO

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained much attention due to their unique physical, and chemical properties. Integration of phytochemicals in nanoformulation might have higher applicability in healthcare. Current work demonstrates the synthesis of green AgNPs with O. gratissimum (gr-AgNPs) O. tenuiflorum (te-AgNPs) and O. americanum (am-AgNPs) followed by an evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer properties. SEM analysis revealed spherical-shaped particles with average particle sizes of 69.0 ± 5 nm for te-AgNPs, 46.9 ± 9 nm for gr-AgNPs, and 58.5 ± 18.7 nm for am-AgNPs with a polydispersity index below 0.4. The synthesized am-AgNPs effectively inhibited Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans with 23 ± 1.58 mm, 20 ± 1.68 mm, 22 ± 1.80 mm, 26 ± 1.85 mm, and 22 ± 1.40 nm of zone of inhibition respectively. Synthesized AgNPs also induced apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 in concentration-dependent manner. IC50 values for am-AgNPs, te-AgNPs, and gr-AgNPs were 14.78 ± 0.89 µg, 18.04 ± 0.63 and 15.41 ± 0.37 µg respectively which suggested that am-AgNPs were the most effective against cancer. At higher dose size (20 µg) AgNPs were equally effective to commercial standard Doxorubicin (DOX). In comparison to te-AgNPs and gr-AgNPs, am-AgNPs have higher in vitro anticancer and antimicrobial effects. The work reported Ocimum americanum for its anticancer properties with chemical profile (GCMS) and compared it with earlier reported species. The activity against microbial pathogens and selected cancer cells clearly depicted that these species have distinct variations in activity. The results have also emphasized on higher potential of biogenic silver nanoparticles in healthcare but before formulation of commercial products, detailed analysis is required with human and animal models.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Química Verde , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Ocimum , Prata , Prata/química , Prata/farmacologia , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Humanos , Química Verde/métodos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Ocimum/química , Células MCF-7 , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/síntese química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho da Partícula
11.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0302677, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38696463

RESUMO

The incorporation of phytoactive compounds in the management of malarial vectors holds promise for the development of innovative and efficient alternatives. Nevertheless, the molecular and physiological responses that these bioactive substances induce remain underexplored. This present study investigated the toxicity of different concentrations of aqueous and methanol extracts of Ocimum tenuiflorum against larvae of Anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) and unraveled the possible underlying molecular pathways responsible for the observed physiological effects. FTIR and GCMS analyses of phytoactive compounds in aqueous and methanol crude extracts of O. tenuiflorum showed the presence of OH stretching vibration, C = C stretching modes of aromatics and methylene rocking vibration; ring deformation mode with high levels of trans-ß-ocimene, 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene in aqueous extract and 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, 1,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane and o-cymene in methanol extract. The percentage mortality upon exposure to methanol and aqueous extracts of O. tenuiflorum were 21.1% and 26.1% at 24 h, 27.8% and 36.1% at 48 h and 36.1% and 45% at 72 h respectively. Using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), down-regulation of ABC transporter, overexpression of CYP6M2, Hsp70, and α-esterase, coupled with significantly increased levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH, were observed in An. gambiae (s.s.) exposed to aqueous and methanol extracts of O. tenuiflorum as compared to the control. Findings from this study have significant implications for our understanding of how An. gambiae (s.s.) larvae detoxify phytoactive compounds.


Assuntos
Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP , Anopheles , Antioxidantes , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70 , Ocimum , Extratos Vegetais , Animais , Anopheles/efeitos dos fármacos , Anopheles/genética , Anopheles/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos
12.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 270(Pt 1): 132288, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38735604

RESUMO

This study investigated the functional properties of freeze-dried encapsulated Oliveria decumbens Vent. (OEO) and basil (BEO) essential oils (EOs) in maltodextrin/gum arabic coating solution (1:1). Nanoencapsulated EOs were evaluated in terms of size, polydispersity, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities (AOA and ABA), and sensory characteristics in vitro compared to the control. The TPC (30.43 to 32.41 mg GAE/g DW) and AOA (25.97 to 26.42 %) were determined in free and encapsulated OEO, and ABA was observed, which were higher than BEO. Both free and encapsulated OEO and BEO demonstrated significant ABA against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 1.25 mg/mL and MBC values ranging from 1.00 to 3.00 mg/mL. In minced meat, both free and encapsulated oils effectively reduced bacterial counts during refrigerated storage, with log reductions ranging from 1.00 to 6.48 CFU/g. Additionally, the pH and thiobarbituric acid values in meat samples were better maintained with the addition of oils. Sensory analysis showed that the encapsulated oils effectively masked their natural flavor and aroma, making them suitable for incorporation into food. Finally, OEO and BEO nanocapsules can improve the standard and safety of meat products due to their antioxidant and antibacterial properties.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Antioxidantes , Goma Arábica , Óleos Voláteis , Polissacarídeos , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Goma Arábica/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Bovinos , Composição de Medicamentos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Produtos da Carne/análise , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Nanocápsulas/química , Ocimum
13.
Fish Physiol Biochem ; 50(4): 1461-1481, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38722480

RESUMO

This study evaluated the use of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOOG) for anesthesia and in transport of Colossoma macropomum. Experiment 1, Test 1, anesthesia induction and recovery times were determined using different EOOG concentrations (0, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300 mg L-1), with two size classes: Juveniles I (0.86 g) and Juveniles II (11.46 g) (independent tests in a completely randomized design). Based on the results of Test 1, in Test 2 Juveniles II were exposed to EOOG concentrations: 0, 20, 100 mg L-1. Tissue samples were collected immediately after induction and 1 h post-recovery, to assess oxidative status variables. Experiment 2, Juveniles I (0.91 g) and Juveniles II (14.76 g) were submitted to transport in water with different concentrations of EOOG (0, 5, 10 mg L-1) (independent tests in a completely randomized design). The effects on oxidative status variables were evaluated. Concentrations between 50 and 200 mg L-1 EOOG can be indicated for Juveniles I, while concentrations between 50 and 100 mg L-1 EOOG for Juveniles II. The concentration of 100 mg L-1 EOOG was able to prevent oxidative damage in the liver. In Experiment 2, the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg L-1 EOOG added to the transport water caused sedation for both studied size classes of juveniles and did not cause oscillations in water quality variables nor any mortality. The concentration of 10 mg L-1 EOOG improved the oxidative status. It can be concluded that EOOG can be used for anesthesia and transport of C. macropomum.


Assuntos
Ocimum , Óleos Voláteis , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Ocimum/química , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Caraciformes , Anestesia/veterinária , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos
14.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e280240, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38695422

RESUMO

Transporting live fish is a common practice in fish farming, and is certainly one of the main problems that affect fish homeostasis. In this scenario, the use of natural additives has shown promise in improving fish resistance to adverse situations. This study aimed to assess the impact of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil (OGEO) on water quality, hematological parameters, and residue levels in the plasma, fillet, and liver of juvenile piraputanga (Brycon hilarii) during a two-hour transportation period. The fish were divided into plastic bags (4 L) and exposed to three different OGEO concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg L-1), while a control group received no OGEO (three repetitions each). After the two-hour transportation, blood samples were collected, as well as portions of the fillet and liver for quantifying essential oil compounds, which were also measured in the plasma. Oxygen levels remained high throughout the transportation period, in all groups, while the pH decreased. Hemoglobin, MCHC, and MCH increased in fish exposed to OGEO concentrations of 20 and 30 mg L-1, compared to the control group. However, lymphocyte counts and the concentrations of essential oil compounds in plasma, fillet, and liver increased with higher OGEO concentrations. The use of 10 mg L-1 OGEO in the two-hour transport water is promising to ensure the survival and well-being of Brycon hilarii juveniles (weighing 16 g), showing to be safe and effective. The residual concentration of eugenol the major compound of OGEO in the fillet remains below the maximum limit of the recommended daily intake.


Assuntos
Fígado , Ocimum , Óleos Voláteis , Qualidade da Água , Animais , Ocimum/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Fígado/química , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Transporte , Caraciformes/sangue , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
15.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 268(Pt 1): 131661, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38641286

RESUMO

In this study, two nanoemulsions were formulated with essential oil (EO) of Ocimum gratissimum with (EON) or without (EOE) cashew gum (CG). Subsequently, inhibition of melanosis and preservation of the quality of shrimp stored for 16 days at 4 ± 0.5 °C were evaluated. A computational approach was performed to predict the system interactions. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for nanoparticle analysis. Gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (GC-FID) determined the chemical composition of the EO constituents. Shrimps were evaluated according to melanosis's appearance, psychrotrophic bacteria's count, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. EON exhibited a particle size three times smaller than EOE. The shrimp treated with EON showed a more pronounced sensory inhibition of melanosis, which was considered mild by the 16th day. Meanwhile, in the other groups, melanosis was moderate (EOE) or severe (untreated group). Both EON and EOE treatments exhibited inhibition of psychrotrophic bacteria and demonstrated the potential to prevent lipid oxidation, thus extending the shelf life compared to untreated fresh shrimp. EON with cashew gum, seems more promising due to its physicochemical characteristics and superior sensory performance in inhibiting melanosis during shrimp preservation.


Assuntos
Anacardium , Ocimum , Óleos Voláteis , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Ocimum/química , Anacardium/química , Penaeidae/química , Gomas Vegetais/química , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos
16.
Comput Biol Med ; 175: 108491, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38657467

RESUMO

Insomnia, a widespread public health issue, is associated with substantial distress and daytime functionality impairments and can predispose to depression and cardiovascular disease. Cognitive Behavioral Anti-insomnia therapies including benzodiazepines often face limitations due to patient adherence or potential adverse effects. This study focused on identifying novel bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, aiming to discover and develop new therapeutic agents with low risk-to-benefit ratios using computational drug discovery methods. Through a systematic framework involving compound library preparation, evaluation of drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics, toxicity prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulations, two natural compounds such as 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-methoxy-6-prop-2-enyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-ol from Ocimum tenuiflorum and 7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,4a-dimethyl-9-oxo-3,4,10,10a-tetrahydro-2H-phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid from Poria cocos exhibited high binding affinity with orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R), surpassing commercial drugs used in insomnia treatment. Additionally, they showed interactions with critical amino acid residues within the receptors that play crucial roles in competitive inhibitor activity, like commercial drugs such as Suvorexant, Lemborexant, and Daridorexant. Further, molecular dynamics simulations of the protein-ligand complexes under conditions that mimic the in vivo environment revealed both compounds' sustained and robust interactions with the OX1R and OX2R, reinforcing their potential as effective therapeutic candidates. Furthermore, upon evaluating both compounds' drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profiles, it was discerned that they displayed considerable drug-like properties and favorable pharmacokinetics, along with diminished toxicity. The research provides a solid foundation for further exploring and validating these compounds as potential anti-insomnia therapeutics.


Assuntos
Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Ocimum , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Ocimum/química , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico
17.
Mol Biol Rep ; 51(1): 439, 2024 Mar 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38520476

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ocimum tenuiflorum L. is a highly traded medicinal with several therapeutic values. Green Tulsi and purple Tulsi are two subtypes in O. tenuiflorum and both have the same medicinal properties. Recent reports have revealed that purple Tulsi contains higher quantities of methyl eugenol (ME), which is moderately toxic and potentially carcinogenic. Therefore, we developed an allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) method to distinguish the green and purple Tulsi. METHODS AND RESULT: Using the green Tulsi as a reference, 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 10 insertions/deletions (InDels) were identified in the chloroplast genome of the purple Tulsi. The C > T SNP at the 1,26,029 position in the ycf1 gene was selected for the development of the AS-PCR method. The primers were designed to amplify 521 bp and 291 bp fragments specific to green and purple Tulsi, respectively. This AS-PCR method was validated in 10 accessions from each subtype and subsequently verified using Sanger sequencing. Subsequently, 30 Tulsi powder samples collected from the market were subjected to molecular identification by AS-PCR. The results showed that 80% of the samples were purple Tulsi, and only 3.5% were green Tulsi. About 10% of the samples were a mixture of both green and purple Tulsi. Two samples (6.5%) did not contain O. tenuiflorum and were identified as O. gratissimum. CONCLUSION: The market samples of Tulsi were predominantly derived from purple Tulsi. The AS-PCR method will be helpful for quality control and market surveillance of Tulsi herbal powders.


Assuntos
Eugenol/análogos & derivados , Ocimum sanctum , Ocimum , Extratos Vegetais , Ocimum sanctum/genética , Ocimum/genética , Alelos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
18.
Exp Parasitol ; 258: 108709, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38301765

RESUMO

Mosquitoes stand out as the most perilous and impactful vectors on a global scale, transmitting a multitude of infectious diseases to both humans and other animals. The primary objective of the current research was to assess the effectiveness of EOs from Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Ocimum americanum L. in controlling Anopheles stephensi Liston. Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes. The larvae, pupae and eggs of the mosquitoes were exposed to four different concentrations (6.25-50 ppm). The tested EOs resulted in >99-100 % mortality at 120 h for the eggs of all examined mosquito species. It also showed robust larvicidal and pupicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 17-39, 23-60 ppm and 46-220, and 73-412 ppm against Aedes, Culex and Anopheles mosquito species, respectively, at 24 h of treatment. The Suitability Index or Predator Safety Factor demonstrated that the EOs extracted from O. tenuiflorum L. and O. americanum L. did not cause harm to P. reticulata, D. indicus (water bug), G. affinis and nymph (dragonfly). GC-MS analysis identified the major probable constituents of the oil, including Phenol, 2-Methoxy-4-(1-Propenyl)- (28.29 %); 1-Methyl-3-(1'-Methylcyclopropyl) Cyclopentene (46.46 %); (E,E,E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadeca-1,3,6,10,14-Pentaene (18.91 %) and 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-Dimethyl (33.02 %). These constituents may play a significant role in the mosquitocidal activity of the oil. The same results were identified in the formulation prepared from the EOs. This marks the first report confirming the successful utilization of EOs derived from O. tenuiflorum L. and O. americanum L. in mosquito population control initiatives.


Assuntos
Aedes , Anopheles , Culex , Inseticidas , Ocimum , Odonatos , Óleos Voláteis , Animais , Humanos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Ocimum/química , Ocimum sanctum , Mosquitos Vetores , Inseticidas/análise , Larva , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química
19.
Toxicon ; 238: 107603, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38184283

RESUMO

Arsenic toxicity is a major problem across the world due to geogenic activity and has been supposed to generate free radicals and genotoxicity among the arsenic-poisoned population. There is a need to find suitable free radical quenching compounds for the arsenic-induced free radical-affected population. In the present study, Na3AsO3- induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity were evaluated in Oryctolagus cuniculus L, and quenching competency of Ocimum species was examined by applying enzymatic and non-enzymatic in vitro tests, comet assay, and Random Amplified Polymorphic Deoxyribonucleic acid - Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) methods. In the present study, oxidative damage due to Na3AsO3 intoxication in O. cuniculus L has been confirmed followed by substantive genotoxicity, and in a further study, it has also been reported that the extract of O. gratissimum L lowers the oxidative stress in experimental animals confirmed by a decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA) 4.78 ± 0.05 (nmol/mg protein), and an increase in Glutathione (GSH) 2.87 ± 0.50 (µmoles/mg proteins), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) 1.78 ± 0.03(Units/mg protein), Catalase (CAT) 2.72 ± 0.02 (µmoles of H2O2 consumed/min/mg proteins) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 7.43 ± 0.01 (µg of glutathione utilized/min/mg protein). A positive impact of extract of O. gratissimum L on protection of genotoxicity has been also confirmed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) based reduction in polymorphic bands of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from 6.5 to 3.16 and comet assay-based increase in head DNA % (87.86 ± 1.58), tail moment (1.07 ± 0.27) and decrease in tail DNA % (12.13 ± 1.58) & tail length (8.2 ± 1.46) at 5% P in lymphocytes. A significant level reduction in free radicals and reduction in DNA polymorphism has proved the competency of test material for the development of suitable antidotes against arsenicosis.


Assuntos
Intoxicação por Arsênico , Arsênio , Ocimum , Animais , Coelhos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Arsênio/toxicidade , Ocimum/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Estresse Oxidativo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA , DNA/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo
20.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 256(Pt 2): 128298, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37995784

RESUMO

Naturally derived essential oils (EOs) from Ocimum basilicum (OB) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG) were incorporated in polylactic acid (PLA) matrix with concentration of 2.5 % and 5 % respectively by solvent casting method, with an aim to develop insecticidal polymer pouches (insect proof polymer pouches). The major components following GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of EOs as estragole (69.998 %) in OB and thymol (29.843 %) in OG. The developed films with EOs showed remarkable insecticidal activity with 100 % and 80 % mortality rate for OB and OG respectively at 2.5 % concentration against rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). While, both OB and OG EOs observed 100 % mortality against pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis) after 96 h exposure in presence of grain conditions and the insecticidal efficacy was equivalent to the commercial hermetic bags (CSB). The physical property of film showed increase in the film thickness in EO-PLA films whereas the mechanical properties of EO-PLA films matrix have increased the polymer flexibility with decreasing tensile strength (TS) and Youngs modulus (EM) as TS OB 5 %, OG 5 % - 15.64 MPa, 17.66 MPa respectively. While, water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) was reduced to 0.015 g/m2.hr, optical characteristics showed slight significant change in colour and FTIR spectra exhibited a change in -OH stretching compared to blank PLA matrix. The surface morphology of the blank and EO embedded PLA films visualized by SEM depicted a complete homogenization of essential oils in the PLA matrix.


Assuntos
Besouros , Inseticidas , Ocimum basilicum , Ocimum , Óleos Voláteis , Gorgulhos , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Poliésteres , Polímeros , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...