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INTRODUCTION: Promoting diversity among faculty, administrators, and librarians in schools and colleges of pharmacy (SCOP) would be beneficial for the recruitment and retention of students from diverse backgrounds. Graduating such diverse pharmacists could assist in reducing healthcare disparities. Promoting diversity requires a climate that is inclusive of people from all backgrounds. The goal of this study was to examine the working environment of historically marginalized faculty, administrators, and librarians within pharmacy education. METHODS: An electronic survey was administered to all faculty, administrators, and librarians listed in the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy roster. RESULTS: Responses from 339 participants were analyzed. Twenty-seven percent of these participants either observed or personally experienced misconduct during the previous five years. When action was taken, it resulted in the cessation of the misconduct only 38% of the time. Respondents most frequently identified the following as ways to make it easier to address misconduct: support from supervisors, support from peers, and education on how to address misconduct. CONCLUSIONS: Exclusionary, intimidating, offensive, and/or hostile communication/behaviors towards historically marginalized faculty, administrators, and librarians do exist in SCOP. The academy should work towards promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in SCOP through education and provide administrative and peer support for reporting and managing professional misconduct.
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Educação em Farmácia , Bibliotecários , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Educação em Farmácia/métodos , Educação em Farmácia/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação em Farmácia/tendências , Educação em Farmácia/normas , Bibliotecários/estatística & dados numéricos , Local de Trabalho/normas , Masculino , Feminino , Docentes de Farmácia/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Docentes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Condições de TrabalhoRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: el estrés laboral es considerado la enfermedad del siglo XXI. Incide en la satisfacción laboral, que es importante en el desempeño del trabajador. La COVID-19 afecta el ámbito laboral de los trabajadores de la salud -incluido el personal administrativo-, por lo que resulta meritorio estudiar esta población. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el estrés y la satisfacción laboral del personal administrativo del Hospital General Riobamba, de Ecuador, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal, correlacional y descriptivo en el personal administrativo que trabajó durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios: el "Cuestionario sobre estrés laboral de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo y la Organización Mundial de la Salud", y el "Cuestionario de satisfacción laboral S20/23". Resultados: el 76 % de la población estudiada presentó un bajo nivel de estrés, pero se encontró una relación representativa entre los diferentes estresores y la variable nominal del área de trabajo. No hubo relación en el análisis de configuración entre el estrés y la satisfacción laboral; lo que se encontró fueron inferencias entre los diferentes factores de ambos cuestionarios. No existió una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el estrés y la satisfacción laboral. Conclusiones: se evidenció que estresores como el clima organizacional, el territorio organizacional y la influencia del líder, aumentaron la probabilidad de afectar la satisfacción particular y los beneficios recibidos en el personal administrativo.
ABSTRACT Introduction: jobal stress is considered the disease of the 21st century. It strikes on the job satisfaction that is important in the performance of the worker. COVID-19 affects the working environment of the health care workers-including the administrative staff-therefore it is worthy to study this population. Objective: to determine the relationship between stress and jobnal satisfaction of the administrative staff of the General Hospital Riobamba, of Ecuador, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, correlational and descriptive study of the administrative staff that worked during the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out. Two questionnaires were applied: ILO-WHO Job stress questionnaire and the Job satisfaction questionnaire S20/23. Results: 76 % of the studied population presented a low stress level, but a representative relationship was found between the different stressors and the nominal variable of the work area. There was no relationship in the configuration analysis between stress and job satisfaction; what was found were inferences between the different factors of both questionnaires. There was no statistically significant relationship between stress and job satisfaction. Conclusion: it was found that stressors such as organizational climate, organizational territory and leader's influence increased the probability of affecting individual satisfaction and benefits received in the administrative staff.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Ocupacional , Satisfação no Emprego , COVID-19RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) were developed to assess pediatric fellows. We previously showed that fellowship program directors (FPDs) may graduate fellows who still require supervision. How this compares with their expectations for entrustment of practicing subspecialists is unknown. METHODS: We surveyed US FPDs in 14 pediatric subspecialties through the Subspecialty Pediatrics Investigator Network between April and August 2017. For each of 7 common pediatric subspecialty EPAs, we compared the minimum level of supervision that FPDs required for graduation with the level they expected of subspecialists for safe and effective practice using the Friedman rank sum test and paired t test. We compared differences between subspecialties using linear regression. RESULTS: We collected data from 660 FPDs (response rate 82%). For all EPAs, FPDs did not require fellows to reach the level of entrustment for graduation that they expected of subspecialists to practice (P < .001). FPDs expected the least amount of supervision for the EPAs consultation and handovers. Mean differences between supervision levels for graduation and practice were smaller for clinical EPAs (consultation, handovers, lead a team) when compared with nonclinical EPAs (quality improvement, management, lead the profession and scholarship; P = .001) and were similar across nearly all subspecialties. CONCLUSIONS: Fellowship graduates may need continued development of clinical and nonclinical skills in their early practice period, underscoring a need for continued assessment and mentoring. Graduation readiness must be based on clear requirements, with alignment of FPD expectations and regulatory standards, to ensure quality care for patients.
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Competência Clínica , Pediatria/educação , Especialização , Confiança , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Transferência da Responsabilidade pelo Paciente , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed at investigating the effect of rational emotive occupational health coaching on quality of work-life among primary school administrators. METHOD: This is a double blinded and randomized control design study. A total of 158 administrators were sampled, half of them were exposed to rational emotive occupational health treatment package that lasted for 12 sessions. Two self-report measures were utilized in assessing the participants using quality of work life scale. Data collected were analyzed using MANOVA statistical tool. RESULT: The results showed that rational emotive occupational health coaching is effective in improving perception of quality of work-life among public administrators. A follow-up result showed that rational emotive occupational health coaching had a significant effect on primary school administrators' quality of work life. CONCLUSION: This study concluded rational emotive occupation health coaching is useful therapeutic strategy in improving quality of work of primary school administrators, hence, future researchers and clinical practitioners should adopt cognitive-behavioral techniques and principles in helping employers as well as employees. Based on the primary findings and limitations of this study, future studies, occupational psychotherapists should qualitatively explore the clinical relevance of rational emotive occupational health practice across cultures using different populations.
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Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Tutoria/métodos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Equilíbrio Trabalho-Vida/métodos , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Método Duplo-Cego , Pessoal de Educação/psicologia , Pessoal de Educação/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tutoria/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Ocupacional/normas , Instituições Acadêmicas/organização & administração , Instituições Acadêmicas/normas , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
In primary health care, multi-stakeholder partnerships between clinicians, policy makers, academic representatives and other stakeholders to improve service delivery are becoming more common. Literature on processes and approaches that enhance partnership effectiveness is growing. However, evidence on the performance of the measures of partnership functioning and the achievement of desired outcomes is still limited, due to the field's definitional ambiguity and the challenges inherent in measuring complex and evolving collaborative processes. Reliable measures are needed for external or self-assessment of partnership functioning, as intermediate steps in the achievement of desired outcomes. We adapted the Partnership Self-Assessment Tool (PSAT) and distributed it to multiple stakeholders within five partnerships in Canada and Australia. The instrument contained a number of partnership functioning sub-scales. New sub-scales were developed for the domains of communication and external environment. Partnership synergy was assessed using modified Partnership Synergy Processes and Partnership Synergy Outcomes sub-scales, and a combined Partnership Synergy scale. Ranking by partnership scores was compared with independent ranks based on a qualitative evaluation of the partnerships' development. 55 (90%) questionnaires were returned. Our results indicate that the instrument was capable of discriminating between different levels of dimensions of partnership functioning and partnership synergy even in a limited sample. The sub-scales were sufficiently reliable to have the capacity to discriminate between individuals, and between partnerships. There was negligible difference in the correlations between different partnership functioning dimensions and Partnership Synergy sub-scales. The Communication and External Environment sub-scales did not perform well metrically. The adapted partnership assessment tool is suitable for assessing the achievement of partnership synergy and specific indicators of partnership functioning. Further development of Communication and External Environment sub-scales is warranted. The instrument could be applied to assess internal partnership performance on key indicators across settings, in order to determine if the collaborative process is working well.
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Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Canadá , Comportamento Cooperativo , Atenção à Saúde , HumanosRESUMO
Scholars from different theoretical schools have posited that in recent decades, science and society have moved closer together, and the concept of academic engagement has been proposed to capture one part of this approximation empirically. This study analyzes the academic engagement of individual scholars towards politicians, industry representatives and journalists. It uses comprehensive survey data on Swiss professors from all disciplines, all the country's universities and from associated research institutes. It assesses, firstly, the degree to which these professors have professional contacts to journalists, politicians and industry representatives. Secondly, it explains the extent of these contacts, using multi-level modelling that incorporates individual factors as well as organizational and institutional contexts. Our study shows that academic engagement is quite common with strong differences between disciplines. Furthermore, professors with higher academic productivity, positive personal attitude towards communication activities as well as a leadership position have more outside contacts. The gender and nationality of the professors, however, only play a role for some of the contacts with non-scientific actors.
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Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Eficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Liderança , Masculino , Política , SuíçaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To query a cohort of program directors to better understand the contemporary landscape of parental leave for urology trainees. The American Board of Urology mandates that a resident must work 46 weeks annually in order to not extend residency. We hypothesize that formal parental leave policies may vary by institution and may not be easily accessible. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 22 question survey designed to assess parental leave policies was distributed to 144 American College of Graduate Medical Education accredited Urology residency program directors in the United States via e-mail. Results were collected anonymously. RESULTS: A total of 65 program directors completed the survey for a response rate of 43%. The median age of program directors was 49 and 78% were male. Only 12% reported no formal maternity leave policy, while 21% reported no formal paternity leave policy. Maternity leave duration varied greatly with 6 (49%) and 12 weeks (27%) as the most common duration, while paternity leave was most commonly reported as 2 (39%), 6 (18%) and 12 weeks (19%) in length. Most parental leave policies were available via an institutional website (81%), with only 39% available on a public website. While most leave policies covered compensation, few addressed call expectations or procedural safety precautions. CONCLUSION: Parental leave policies across Urology training programs in the United States are variable, and may not cover critical components of pregnancy or leave. An opportunity exists to create a comprehensive, standardized parental leave policy.
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Internato e Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Política Organizacional , Licença Parental/estatística & dados numéricos , Urologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Admissão e Escalonamento de Pessoal/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Liderança , Pandemias/legislação & jurisprudência , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Política , Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Família , Departamentos Hospitalares , Ortopedia , Incerteza , Carga de Trabalho , Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Pessoal Técnico de Saúde/psicologia , Pessoal Técnico de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , COVID-19/transmissão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Ocupacional , Cirurgiões Ortopédicos/psicologia , Cirurgiões Ortopédicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Singapura/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fluxo de Trabalho , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that telehealth applications in palliative care are feasible, can improve quality of care, and reduce costs but few studies have focused on user acceptance of current technology applications in palliative care. Furthermore, the perspectives of health administrators have not been explored in palliative care and yet they are often heavily involved, alongside providers, in the coordination and use of health technologies. The study aim was to explore both health care provider and administrator perceptions regarding the usefulness and ease of using technology in palliative care. METHODS: The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used as the guiding theoretical framework to provide insight into two key determinants that influence user acceptance of technology (perceived usefulness and ease of use). Semi-structured interviews (n = 18) with health providers and administrators with experience coordinating or using technology in palliative care explored the usefulness of technologies in palliative care and recommendations to support adoption. Interview data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to identify common, meaningful themes. RESULTS: Four themes were identified; themes related to perceived usefulness were: enabling remote connection and information-sharing platform. Themes surrounding ease of use included: integration with existing IT systems and user-friendly with ready access to technical support. Telehealth can enable remote connection between patients and providers to help address insufficiencies in the current palliative care environment. Telehealth, as an information sharing platform, could support the coordination and collaboration of interdisciplinary providers caring for patients with palliative needs. However, health technologies need to passively integrate with existing IT systems to enhance providers' workflow and productivity. User-friendliness with ready access to technical support was considered especially important in palliative care as patients often experience diminished function. CONCLUSION: Participants' perspectives of technology acceptance in palliative care were largely dependent on their potential to help address major challenges in the field without imposing significant burden on providers and patients.
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Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Percepção , Tecnologia/normas , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário , Cuidados Paliativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Tecnologia/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , COVID-19/terapia , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Médicos/psicologia , Trabalho de Resgate , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Sobrecarga do Cuidador/epidemiologia , Sobrecarga do Cuidador/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Medicina de Desastres , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Saúde Mental , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Quarentena , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Carga de TrabalhoRESUMO
Managerial feedback discussions often fail to produce the desired performance improvements. Three studies shed light on why performance feedback fails and how it can be made more effective. In Study 1, managers described recent performance feedback experiences in their work settings. In Studies 2 and 3, pairs of managers role-played a performance review meeting. In all studies, recipients of mixed and negative feedback doubted the accuracy of the feedback and the providers' qualifications to give it. Disagreement regarding past performance was greater following the feedback discussion than before, due to feedback recipients' increased self-protective and self-enhancing attributions. Managers were motivated to improve to the extent they perceived the feedback conversation to be focused on future actions rather than on past performance. Our findings have implications for the theory and practice of performance management.
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Pessoal Administrativo/organização & administração , Retroalimentação Psicológica , Motivação , Gestão de Recursos Humanos/métodos , Local de Trabalho/organização & administração , Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Organizacionais , Modelos Psicológicos , Gestão de Recursos Humanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Melhoria de Qualidade , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Local de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) and its associated ergonomic factors among university administrative staff in Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 administrative staff of the University of Cape Coast. The procedure included a self-administered questionnaire, comprehensive ocular health examination, and assessment of computer workstation and lighting conditions. The prevalence of CVS among the subjects and the association between CVS and ergonomic practices were determined. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 31.0 ± 4.7 years, and the majority were males (56.0%). The prevalence of CVS was among 103 (51.5%)participants. Over a third of the respondents used computers for 6 or more hours daily. Significant association was found between CVS and poor ergonomic practices (χ = 15.175, p = 0.001). Conclusion: In addition to poor ergonomic office setup, university administrative staff spend several hours behind computer screens leading to the development of CVS. Increased awareness of CVS and adherence to recommended ergonomic practices are necessary to reduce the prevalence of CVS and ultimately enhance work satisfaction and productivity.
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Pessoal Administrativo , Terminais de Computador , Ergonomia/métodos , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/epidemiologia , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Ergonomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Gana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Síndrome , Universidades , Transtornos da Visão/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop a core set of outcomes to be used in all future studies into discharge from acute mental health services to increase homogeneity of outcome reporting. DESIGN: We used a cross-sectional online survey with qualitative responses to derive a comprehensive list of outcomes, followed by two online Delphi rounds and a face-to-face consensus meeting. SETTING: The setting the core outcome set applies to is acute adult mental health. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were recruited from five stakeholder groups: service users, families and carers, researchers, healthcare professionals and policymakers. INTERVENTIONS: The core outcome set is intended for all interventions that aim to improve discharge from acute mental health services to the community. RESULTS: Ninety-three participants in total completed the questionnaire, 69 in Delphi round 1 and 68 in round 2, with relatively even representation of groups. Eleven participants attended the consensus meeting. Service users, healthcare professionals, researchers, carers/families and end-users of research agreed on a four-item core outcome set: readmission, suicide completed, service user-reported psychological distress and quality of life. CONCLUSION: Implementation of the core outcome set in future trials research will provide a framework to achieve standardisation, facilitate selection of outcome measures, allow between-study comparisons and ultimately enhance the relevance of trial or research findings to healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers and service users.
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Pacientes Internados/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Consenso , Estudos Transversais , Técnica Delphi , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde Mental/tendências , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Alta do Paciente/normas , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Angústia Psicológica , Qualidade de Vida , Pesquisadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Participação dos Interessados , Suicídio Consumado/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objective: This article extends current theorising around health behaviours using insights from a study with women working in senior management positions in Switzerland. The study aimed to explore the meanings they attached to their everyday activities and examine implications for health and wellbeing by drawing on 1) social practices theory, 2) a socio-constructionist approach to gender, and 3) conceptualisations of embodiment.Design: Twenty female senior managers were interviewed at two time points six months apart: the first interview elicited highly-detailed, descriptive accounts of activities during the previous day, while in the second interview participants reflected on their previous accounts and discussed the meanings they ascribed to their activities. A thematic and narrative analysis of both sets of transcripts was conducted.Results: Three main themes captured the ways female senior managers talked about their everyday behaviours, all focused around their bodies: 'Functional bodies: Being on-the-go and meeting responsibilities'; 'Limiting bodies: Threats to everyday activities'; and 'Intentional bodies: Activities for wellbeing'.Conclusions: Results are considered in terms of contemporary postfeminist/neoliberal discourses in Western societies, how these are shaping and affecting everyday practices and subjectivities, and their consequences for women's health and wellbeing at work.
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Atividades Cotidianas/psicologia , Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Papel de Gênero , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Teoria Social , SuíçaRESUMO
CONTEXT: In the midst of the current opioid epidemic, states have selected differing legislative routes implementing pathways to ensure access to clean needles and syringes. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether states that implemented laws supporting syringe exchange programs (SEPs) had reductions in transmission rates of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV infection compared with states without such laws. DESIGN AND SETTING: Utilizing a longitudinal panel design, we determined the legal status of SEPs in each state for years 1983-2016. Disease transmission rates for this period were estimated via a simple Poisson regression, with transmitted cases as the dependent variable, law categories as the predictor variables, and the log of state population as the exposure. The mean number of incident cases per state-year was also calculated. PARTICIPANTS: US states were utilized as the unit of analysis. RESULTS: Hepatitis B and hepatitis C mean transmission rate per 100 000 population declined in states with local ordinances/decriminalized statutes and legalized SEPs (hepatitis B: 71% and 81%, respectively, differences P < .001; hepatitis C: 8% and 38%, respectively, differences P < .001). Reductions in mean incident cases per state-year mirrored these findings. HIV infection among injection drug users yielded inconsistent results. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis B and hepatitis C transmission were reduced at the population level in states with SEP laws in a pattern reflecting the degree of legal intervention. HIV infection, based upon a smaller data set, showed a mixed impact. POLICY IMPLICATIONS: The results show promise that SEPs have population-level effects on disease transmission. States lacking SEPs should reconsider current policies.
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Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Programas de Troca de Agulhas/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Pública/instrumentação , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/normas , Promoção da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Incidência , Programas de Troca de Agulhas/métodos , Programas de Troca de Agulhas/estatística & dados numéricos , Formulação de Políticas , Vigilância da População/métodos , Saúde Pública/normas , Saúde Pública/estatística & dados numéricos , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/terapia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Loot boxes are digital containers of randomised rewards available in many video games. Due to similarities between some loot boxes and traditional forms of gambling, concerns regarding the relationship between spending on loot boxes in video games and symptoms of problematic gambling have been expressed by policy makers and the general public. We present the first investigation of these concerns in large cross-sectional cross-national samples from three countries (Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, and the United States). A sample of 1,049 participants were recruited through Qualtrics' Survey Targeting service from a broad cross-section of the population in Australia (n = 339), Aotearoa New Zealand (n = 323), and the United States (n = 387). Participants answered a survey assessing problem gambling, problem gaming symptomology, and how much they spent on loot boxes per month. On average, individuals with problem gambling issues spent approximately $13 USD per month more on loot boxes than those with no such symptoms. Loot box spending was also associated with both positive and negative moods, albeit with small effect sizes. Analyses showed both interactions and correlations between problematic gambling and problematic gaming symptoms, indicating both some commonality in the mechanisms underlying, and independent contributions made by, these proposed diagnostic criteria. These results provide context for dialogues regarding how best to reduce the impacts of loot box spending among those with problematic gambling symptoms.
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Comportamento Aditivo/prevenção & controle , Comparação Transcultural , Jogo de Azar/prevenção & controle , Jogos de Vídeo/psicologia , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Austrália , Comportamento Aditivo/diagnóstico , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Jogo de Azar/diagnóstico , Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nova Zelândia , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos , Jogos de Vídeo/economia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Urban areas offer many opportunities for people with disabilities, but limited accessibility may prevent their full engagement in society. It has been recommended that the experience-based perspective of people with disabilities should be an integral part of the discussion on urban accessibility, complementing other stakeholder expertise to facilitate the design of more inclusive environments. The goals of this mixed-method study were to develop knowledge mobilization (KM) strategies to share experience-based findings on accessibility and evaluate their impact for various urban stakeholders. Using a participatory approach, various KM strategies were developed including videos, a photo exhibit and an interactive game. These strategies were evaluated based on various impact indicators such as reach, usefulness, partnerships and practice changes, using quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings suggested that the KM strategies were effective in raising the awareness of various urban stakeholders and providing information and guidance to urban planning practices related to accessibility.
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Pessoal Administrativo/educação , Acessibilidade Arquitetônica/normas , Planejamento de Cidades/educação , Planejamento de Cidades/normas , Pessoas com Deficiência , Planejamento Ambiental/normas , Guias como Assunto , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Canadá , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Around the world, there is a significant difference in the proportion of women with access to leadership in healthcare with respect to men. This article studies gender imbalance and wage gap in managerial, executive, and directive job positions at the Mexican National Institutes of Health. METHODS: Cohort data were described using a visual circular representation and modeled using a generalized linear model. Analysis of variance was used to assess model significance, and posterior Fisher's least significant differences were analyzed when appropriate. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that there is a gender imbalance distribution among the hierarchical position at the Mexican National Health Institutes and also exposed that the wage gap exists mainly in the (highest or lowest) ranks in hierarchical order. CONCLUSIONS: Since the majority of the healthcare workforce is female, Mexican women are still underrepresented in executive and directive management positions at national healthcare organizations.
Assuntos
Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Liderança , Administração em Saúde Pública/estatística & dados numéricos , Mobilidade Ocupacional , Humanos , México , Salários e Benefícios/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the patterns of financial transaction between industry and urologists in the first 5 years of reporting in the Open Payments Program (OPP) by comparing transactions over time, between academic and nonacademic urologists, and by provider characteristics among academic urologists. METHODS: The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services OPP database was queried for General Payments to urologists from 2014-2018. Faculty at ACGME-accredited urology training programs were identified and characterized via publicly available websites. Industry transfers were analyzed by year, practice setting (academic vs nonacademic), provider characteristics, and AUA section. Payment nature and individual corporate contributions were also summarized. RESULTS: A total of 12,521 urologists - representing 75% of the urology workforce in any given year - received $168 million from industry over the study period. There was no significant trend in payments by year (P = .162). Urologists received a median of $1602 over the study period, though 14% received >$10,000. Payment varied significantly by practice setting (P <.001), with nonacademic urologists receiving more but smaller payments than academic urologists. Among academic urologists, gender (P <.001), department chair status (P <.001), fellowship training (P <.001), and subspecialty (P <.001) were significantly associated with amount of payment from industry. Annual payments from industry varied significantly by AUA section. CONCLUSION: Reporting of physician-industry transactions has not led to a sustained decline in transactions with urologists. Significant differences in industry interaction exist between academic and nonacademic urologists, and values transferred to academic urologists varied by gender, chair status, subspecialty, and AUA section.