RESUMO
The complex sample matrix poses significant challenges in accurately detecting heavy metals. In view of its superior performance for the biological adsorption of heavy metals, probiotic bacteria can be explored for functional unit to eliminate matrix interference. Herein, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) demonstrates a remarkable tolerance and can adsorb up to 300 µM of Hg2+, following the Freundlich isotherm model with the correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.9881. Subsequently, by integrating the CRISPR/Cas12a system, a sensitive and specific fluorescent biosensor, "Cas12a-MB," has been developed for Hg2+ detection. Specifically, Hg2+ adsorbed onto LGG can specifically bind to the nucleic acid probe, thereby inhibiting the binding of the probe to LGG and the subsequent activation of the CRISPR/Cas12a system. Under optimal experimental conditions, with the detection time of 90 min and the detection limit of 0.44 nM, the "Cas12a-MB" biosensor offers a novel, eco-friendly approach for Hg2+ detection, showcasing the innovative application of probiotics in biosensor.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Mercúrio , Probióticos , Mercúrio/análise , Mercúrio/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Probióticos/química , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/isolamento & purificação , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/genética , Adsorção , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Living drugs offer a new frontier in medicine, paving the way for personalized and potentially curative treatments. A customized living drug generally requires specialized technologies for highly effective and selective delivery to lesion locations. In this study, we explored an interfacial engineering method for living drugs by wrapping them with a "stealth coating", achieving "ON/OFF" switching of the communications between probiotics and the gastrointesinal (GI) tract. This maximized the bioactivity of living drugs following oral administration to exempt acidic insults and then significantly improved the retention through the gastrointestinal tract. With the notable ability to improve oral availability, the interfacial-engineered living drugs represent remarkable effects for enhanced oral delivery and treatment efficacy in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis model. We believe that this work has the potential to revolutionize medicine by precisely targeting and increasing curative activity in the future of disease treatment.
Assuntos
Colite , Sulfato de Dextrana , Probióticos , Administração Oral , Animais , Probióticos/química , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextrana/química , Humanos , Sistemas de Liberação de MedicamentosRESUMO
Many probiotics produce functional lipids with health-promoting properties, such as short-chain fatty acids, linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids. They have been shown to maintain gut health, strengthen the intestinal barrier, and have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this article, we provide an up-to-date review of the various functional lipids produced by probiotics. These probiotics can be incorporated into foods, supplements, or pharmaceuticals to produce these functional lipids in the human colon, or they can be used in industrial biotechnology processes to generate functional lipids, which are then isolated and used as ingredients. We then highlight the different physiological functions for which they may be beneficial to human health, in addition to discussing some of the challenges of incorporating probiotics into commercial products and some potential solutions to address these challenges. Finally, we highlight the importance of testing the efficacy and safety of the new generation of probiotic-enhanced products, as well as the great potential for the marketization of related products.
Assuntos
Probióticos , Probióticos/química , Humanos , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/química , AnimaisRESUMO
The intake of probiotics offers various health benefits; however, their efficacy depends on the maintenance of viability during industrial processing and digestion. Probiotic viability can be compromised during encapsulation, freeze-drying, storage, and digestion, necessitating multiple coatings. This complicates production and raises costs. In this study, CaCO3-single-coated probiotics (CSCPs) were prepared, an approach rarely reported before. Through instrumental analyses, the encapsulation of probiotics within CaCO3 was confirmed, ensuring their high viability. This proposed technology effectively preserves the viability of probiotics during the encapsulation and freeze-drying processes, resulting in minimal cell loss. Moreover, CSCPs demonstrated exceptional viability performance under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Notably, 100% of these microorganisms reached the intestines, delivering over 10 billion CFUs of probiotics in a viable state. This study highlights the potential of CSCPs as a feasible solution for overcoming probiotic encapsulation challenges and optimizing therapeutic benefits.
Assuntos
Carbonato de Cálcio , Viabilidade Microbiana , Probióticos , Probióticos/química , Probióticos/metabolismo , Humanos , Carbonato de Cálcio/química , Carbonato de Cálcio/metabolismo , Intestinos/microbiologia , LiofilizaçãoRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the integration of cereal and germinated pseudocereals into set-type yogurt mimic, resulting in a novel and nutritious product. Four groups of yogurts mimic, namely CPY-1, CPY-2, CPY-3, and CPY-4, were prepared using different probiotic cultures, including L. acidophilus 21, L. plantarum 14, and L. rhamnosus 296 along with starter cultures. Notably, CPY-2 cultured with L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus and incubated for 12 h exhibited the most desirable attributes. The resulting yogurt demonstrated an acidity of 0.65%, pH of 4.37 and a probiotic count of 6.38 log CFU/mL. The logistic growth model fit revealed maximum growth rates (k, 1/h) and maximum bacterial counts (Nm log CFU/mL) for each CPY variant. The results revealed that CPY-2 significantly improved protein, dietary fiber, phenols and antioxidant capacities compared to the control. Scanning electron microscopy showed more structured and compact casein network in CPY-2, highlighting its superior textural characteristics. Overall, this study demonstrates the incorporation of cereal and germinated pseudocereals into set-type yogurt mimic offers health benefits through increased dietary fiber and ß-glucan.
Assuntos
Amaranthus , Antioxidantes , Fagopyrum , Germinação , Iogurte , Iogurte/análise , Iogurte/microbiologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fagopyrum/química , Fagopyrum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fagopyrum/metabolismo , Cinética , Amaranthus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Amaranthus/química , Amaranthus/metabolismo , Probióticos/análise , Probióticos/metabolismo , Probióticos/química , Fermentação , Lactobacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Lactobacillus/química , Manipulação de AlimentosRESUMO
In this study, the impact of Gluconolactone (GDL) concentration on the formation of high-internal-phase emulsion gels (HIPEGs) and the gastrointestinal digestive viability of Lactobacillus plantarum encapsulated within these HIPEGs were demonstrated. Increasing GDL concentrations led to cross-linking of particles at the oil-water interface, thereby stabilizing smaller oil droplets. The addition of GDL to HIPEs results in a significant increase in the secondary structure of SPI, specifically in ß-sheet and ß-turn formations, accompanied by a reduction in α-helix percentage. This alteration enhanced the binding effect of protein on water, leading to changes in intermolecular force. Notably, HIPEGs containing 3.0% GDL demonstrated superior encapsulation efficiency and delivery efficiency, reaching 99.0% and 84.5%, respectively. After 14 d of continuous zebrafishs feeding, the intestinal viable cells count of Lactobacillus plantarum reached 1.18 × 107 CFU/mL. This finding supports the potential use of HIPEGs as a probiotic delivery carrier, effectively enhancing the intestinal colonization rate.
Assuntos
Emulsões , Trato Gastrointestinal , Géis , Gluconatos , Lactobacillus plantarum , Probióticos , Peixe-Zebra , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Emulsões/química , Probióticos/química , Probióticos/farmacologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Géis/química , Gluconatos/química , Gluconatos/metabolismo , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Viabilidade Microbiana , LactonasRESUMO
The rheological and mechanical properties of mixed κ/ι-carrageenan - LM pectin gels were determined, and the potential of these gels for the formation of beads using the extrusion method and for the encapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 (LGG) was evaluated. Self-standing gels were obtained with all formulations evaluated. Carrageenan-rich gels, with carrageenan fraction (XC) ≥ 0.75, exhibited the highest storage modulus, but they were also brittle, while pectin-rich gels (XC ≤ 0.25) presented the highest hardness and cohesiveness. Pectin-rich formulations formed beads with the smallest initial diameter (2.40-2.45 mm), and the addition of carrageenan produced significantly more spherical beads compared to pure-pectin ones. As pectin-rich beads were the formulations that resisted simulated gastrointestinal conditions, these were selected for the encapsulation of LGG. These beads showed high encapsulation yields (87-96 %), and the percentage reduction of CFU/g during storage and simulated gastrointestinal conditions was not significantly different among formulations, the latter being significantly lower for encapsulated cells (8.64-15.03 %) compared to free cells (71.20 %). These results indicate that carrageenan-pectin gel beads with XC ≤ 0.25 were successful in encapsulating probiotic bacteria, and this capacity was related to the rheological and mechanical properties of the gels.
Assuntos
Carragenina , Géis , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Pectinas , Probióticos , Reologia , Carragenina/química , Pectinas/química , Probióticos/química , Géis/química , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/química , Fenômenos MecânicosRESUMO
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent chronic mucosal inflammation disease whose most significant pathological characteristics are intestinal inflammation and damaged mucosal barrier induced by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, abnormal immune microenvironment, and intestinal microecological imbalance. Oral probiotics are a living therapy for intestinal diseases, but their clinical application is hindered by poor bacterial biological activity and insufficient intestinal retention. Here, we developed a targeted oral formulation, functionalized probiotic Lf@MPB, with Lactobacillus fermentum (Lf) as the core and modified melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) on its surface through a click reaction of tricarboxyphenylboronic acid for synergistic therapy of UC. In vitro experiments showed that Lf@MPB not only possessed strong free radical scavenging ability, reduced cellular mitochondrial polarization, and inhibited apoptosis but also significantly enhanced the viability of Lf probiotics in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. Fluorescence imaging in vivo revealed the high accumulation of Lf@MPB at the site of intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC mice. Moreover, in vivo results demonstrated that Lf@MPB effectively alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory response and restored the intestinal barrier. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing verified that Lf@MPB could increase the abundance and diversity of intestinal microbial communities and optimize microbial composition to inhibit the progression of UC. This work combines effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategies with the oral administration of functionalized probiotics to provide a promising alternative for UC treatment.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Melaninas , Nanopartículas , Probióticos , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Colite Ulcerativa/terapia , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Sulfato de Dextrana , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Limosilactobacillus fermentum , Melaninas/química , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Nanopartículas/química , Probióticos/química , Probióticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
An increased demand for natural products nowadays most specifically probiotics (PROs) is evident since it comes in conjunction with beneficial health effects for consumers. In this regard, it is well known that encapsulation could positively affect the PROs' viability throughout food manufacturing and long-term storage. This paper aims to analyze and review various double/multilayer strategies for encapsulation of PROs. Double-layer encapsulation of PROs by electrohydrodynamic atomization or electrospraying technology has been reported along with layer-by-layer assembly and water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions to produce multilayer PROs-loaded carriers. Finally, their applications in food products are presented. The resistance and viability of loaded PROs to mechanical damage, during gastrointestinal transit and shelf life of these trapping systems, are also described. The PROs encapsulation in double- and multiple-layer coatings combined with other technologies can be examined to increase the opportunities for new functional products with amended functionalities opening a novel horizon in food technology.
Assuntos
Probióticos , Probióticos/química , Emulsões , Humanos , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Composição de Medicamentos/métodos , Tecnologia de Alimentos/métodosRESUMO
This study focuses on developing a water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsion system using high-intensity ultrasound (HIU)-treated pea protein isolate (HIU-PPI) and pectin to encapsulate Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum). The effects of ultrasound treatment on pea protein isolate (PPI) characteristics such as solubility, particle size, emulsification, surface hydrophobicity, and surface free sulfhydryl group were examined, determining optimal HIU processing conditions was 400 W for 10 min. The developed W1/O/W2 double emulsion system based on HIU-PPI demonstrated effective encapsulation and protection of L. plantarum, especially at the HIU-PPI concentration of 4 %, achieving an encapsulation efficiency of 52.65 %. Incorporating both HIU-PPI and pectin as emulsifiers increased the particle size and significantly enhanced the emulsion's viscosity. The highest bacterial encapsulation efficiency of the emulsion, 59.94 %, was attained at a HIU to pectin concentration ratio of 3:1. These emulsions effectively encapsulate and protect L. plantarum, with the concentration of HIU-PPI being a critical factor in enhancing probiotic survival under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. However, the concurrent utilization of pectin and HIU-PPI as emulsifiers did not provide a notable advantage compared to the exclusive use of HIU-PPI in enhancing probiotic viability during in vitro simulated digestion. This research offers valuable perspectives for the food industry on harnessing environmentally friendly, plant-based proteins as emulsifiers in probiotic delivery systems. It underscores the potential of HIU-modified pea protein and pectin in developing functional food products that promote the health benefits of probiotics.
Assuntos
Emulsões , Lactobacillus plantarum , Proteínas de Ervilha , Pectinas , Proteínas de Ervilha/química , Pectinas/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Água/química , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Sonicação , Solubilidade , Probióticos/química , Óleos/química , Interações Hidrofóbicas e HidrofílicasRESUMO
Identifying aflatoxin-detoxifying probiotics remains a significant challenge in mitigating the risks associated with aflatoxin contamination in crops. Biological detoxification is a popular technique that reduces mycotoxin hazards and garners consumer acceptance. Through multiple rounds of screening and validation tests, Geotrichum candidum XG1 demonstrated the ability to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by 99-100%, exceeding the capabilities of mere adsorption mechanisms. Notably, the degradation efficiency was demonstrably influenced by the presence of copper and iron ions in the liquid medium, suggesting a potential role for proteases in the degradation process. Subsequent validation experiments with red pepper revealed an 83% reduction in AFB1 levels following fermentation with G. candidum XG1. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the disruption of the AFB1 furan ring structure, leading to a subsequent reduction in its toxicity. Collectively, these findings establish G. candidum XG1 as a promising candidate for effective aflatoxin degradation, with potential applications within the food industry.
Assuntos
Aflatoxina B1 , Contaminação de Alimentos , Geotrichum , Probióticos , Aflatoxina B1/metabolismo , Aflatoxina B1/química , Aflatoxina B1/análise , Probióticos/metabolismo , Probióticos/química , Geotrichum/metabolismo , Geotrichum/química , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Fermentação , Capsicum/química , Capsicum/metabolismo , Capsicum/microbiologia , ChinaRESUMO
Pullulan was used as the wall material for microencapsulation of L. plantarum CRD7 by spray drying, while isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) was used as prebiotic. Also, the effect of different thermal protectants on survival rate during microencapsulation was evaluated. Taguchi orthogonal array design showed that pullulan at 14 % concentration, IMO at 30 % concentration and whey protein isolate at 20 % rate were the optimized wall material, prebiotic and thermal protectant, respectively for microencapsulation of L. plantarum. FESEM images revealed that the spray-dried encapsulates were fibrous similar to those produce by electrospinning, while fluorescence microscopy ascertained that most of the probiotic cells were alive and intact after microencapsulation. The adsorption-desorption isotherm was of Type II and the encapsulate had specific surface area of 1.92 m2/g and mean pore diameter of 15.12 nm. The typical amide II and III bands of the bacterial proteins were absent in the FTIR spectra, suggestive of adequate encapsulation. DSC thermogram showed shifting of melting peaks to wider temperature range due to interactions between the probiotic and wall materials. IMO at 30 % (w/w) along with WPI at 20 % concentration provided the highest storage stability and the lowest rate of cell death of L. plantarum after microencapsulation. Acid and bile salt tolerance results confirmed that microencapsulated L. plantarum could sustain the harsh GI conditions with >7.5 log CFU/g viability. After microencapsulation, L. plantarum also possessed the ability to ferment milk into curd with pH of 4.62.
Assuntos
Glucanos , Lactobacillus plantarum , Prebióticos , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacologia , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Secagem por Atomização , Probióticos/química , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Composição de Medicamentos , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/química , Oligossacarídeos/química , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Paotianxiong (PTX) is a processing product of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., often used as a tonic food daily. However, the structure and activity of the polysaccharide component that plays a major role still need to be determined. In our work, two new polysaccharides were purified from PTX and named PTXP-1 and PTXP-2. Structural analysis showed that PTXP-1 is a glucan with a molecular weight of 915 Da and a structure of 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 â as the main chain. PTXP-2 is a glucose arabinoglycan with 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 â as the main chain, containing 8 glycosidic bonds attached, and a molecular weight of 57.9KDa. In vitro probiotic experiments demonstrated that PTXP-1 could significantly promote probiotic growth and acid production. In vivo experiments demonstrated that both PTXP-1 and PTXP-2 exhibited significant effectiveness in promoting the growth of intestinal probiotics. These findings help expand the application of polysaccharide components extracted from tonic herbs as functional food ingredients.
Assuntos
Polissacarídeos , Prebióticos , Probióticos , Prebióticos/análise , Polissacarídeos/química , Animais , Probióticos/química , Camundongos , Peso Molecular , Humanos , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) refer to multifaceted disorders in the intestinal microenvironment and microbiota homeostasis. In view of the broad bioactivity and high compatibility of polyphenols, there is considerable interest in developing a polyphenol-based collaborative platform to remodel the IBD microenvironment and regulate microbiota. Here, we demonstrated the coordination assembly of nanostructured polyphenols to modify probiotics and simultaneously deliver drugs for IBD treatment. Inspired by the distinctive structure of tannic acid (TA), we fabricated nanostructured pBDT-TA by using a self-polymerizable aromatic dithiol (BDT) and TA, which exhibited excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capability in vitro. We thus coated pBDT-TA and sodium alginate (SA) to the surface of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 layer by layer to construct the collaborative platform EcN@SA-pBDT-TA. The modified probiotics showed improved resistance to oxidative and inflammatory stress, which resulted in superior colon accumulation and retention in IBD model mice. Further, EcN@SA-pBDT-TA could alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by controlling the inflammatory response, repairing intestinal barriers, and modulating gut microbiota. Importantly, EcN@SA-pBDT-TA-mediated IBD drug delivery could achieve an improved therapeutic effect in DSS model mice. Given the availability and functionality of polyphenol and prebiotics, we expected that nanostructured polyphenol-modified probiotics provided a solution to develop a collaborative platform for IBD treatment.
Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Nanopartículas , Polifenóis , Probióticos , Taninos , Animais , Probióticos/farmacologia , Probióticos/química , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Camundongos , Nanopartículas/química , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/terapia , Taninos/química , Taninos/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Sulfato de Dextrana/química , Alginatos/química , Alginatos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
In this study, we developed a hydrogel from cross-linked keratin and chitosan (KC) to remove patulin (PAT) from apple juice. We explored the potential of incorporating Lactobacillus rhamnoses into the KC hydrogel (KC-LR) and tested its effectiveness in removing PAT from simulated juice solutions and real apple juice. The KC hydrogel was developed through a dynamic disulfide cross-linking reaction. This cross-linked hydrogel network provided excellent stability for the probiotic cells, achieving 99.9 % immobilization efficiency. In simulated juice with 25 mg/L PAT, the KC and KC-LR hydrogels showed removal efficiencies of 85.2 % and 97.68 %, respectively, using 15 mg mL-1 of the prepared hydrogel at a temperature of 25 °C for 6 h. The KC and KC-LR hydrogels achieved 76.3 % and 83.6 % removal efficiencies in real apple juice systems, respectively. Notably, the encapsulated probiotics did not negatively impact the juice quality and demonstrated reusability for up to five cycles of the PAT removal process.
Assuntos
Quitosana , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Hidrogéis , Queratinas , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Malus , Patulina , Quitosana/química , Malus/química , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/química , Hidrogéis/química , Patulina/química , Patulina/isolamento & purificação , Queratinas/química , Queratinas/isolamento & purificação , Probióticos/química , Contaminação de Alimentos/análiseRESUMO
Edible bird's nest (EBN), a most highly priced and valuable foodstuff, contains high percentage of proteins and carbohydrates. However, proteins adhering to these carbohydrates make the EBN hard and tough, which need to be boiled as the bird's nest soup to make the Chinese cuisine. To overcome the hard and tough texture of EBN and improve the digestion degrees, the present study screened and identified a probiotic strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YZW02 from 5-year stored EBN sample completely solubilizing EBN for the first time. The 24-h B. amyloliquefaciens fermented EBN contained 20.30-21.48 mg/mL of the soluble protein contents with a recovery rate of 98-100%, DPPH radical scavenging rate of 84.76% and ABTS radical scavenging capacity of 41.05%. The mixed fermentation of B. amyloliquefaciens YZW02 and Bacillus natto BN1 were further applied to improve the low-MW peptide percentages and antioxidant activities. The mixed-fermentation of B. natto BN1 with 4-h cultured B. amyloliquefaciens YZW02 had the lowest percentage (82.23%) of >12-kDa proteins/peptides and highest percentages of 3-12 kDa, 1-3 kDa and 0.1-1 kDa peptides of 8.6% ± 0.08, 7.57% ± 0.09, 1.77% ± 0.05 and 0.73% ± 0.05, with the highest DPPH, ABTS and â¢OH scavenging capacity of 90.23%, 46.45% and 49.12%, respectively. These findings would provide an efficient strategy for improving the solubility and antioxidant activities of EBNs.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , Aves , Fermentação , Probióticos , Solubilidade , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/química , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Animais , Probióticos/química , Probióticos/metabolismo , Aves/microbiologiaRESUMO
The present study aimed to enhance the survivability of the encapsulated biocomposites of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AB6-25 and Saccharomyces boulardii T8-3C within the gastrointestinal system (GIS) and during storage period. AB6-25 and T8-3C were individually co-encapsulated using either lactobionic acid (LBA) in Na-alginate (ALG)/demineralized whey powder (DWP) or solely potential probiotics in ALG microcapsules. Free probiotic cells were utilized as the control group. Both microcapsules and free cells underwent freeze-drying. The encapsulation and freeze-drying efficiency of core materials were evaluated. The protective effect of encapsulation on the probiotics was examined under simulated GIS conditions and during storage at either 25 °C or 4 °C. Additionally, the microcapsules underwent analysis using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Encapsulation and freeze-drying processes were carried out efficiently in all groups (88.46 %-99.13 %). SEM revealed that the microcapsules possessed a spherical and homogeneous structure, with sizes ranging from 3 to 10 µm. ALG/DWP and LBA presence in the microcapsule structure was confirmed through FTIR, XRD analysis indicated the formation of a new composite. Over 180 days, all microcapsule groups stored at 4 °C maintained their therapeutic dosage viability. However, after four months, microcapsules stored at 25 °C exhibited a decline in yeast survivability below the therapeutic threshold. Experimental groups demonstrated better viability under simulated GIS conditions compared to the control. These findings suggest the potential use of microencapsulated probiotics as a food supplement and indicate that microcapsule groups containing AB6-25 and T8-3C stored at 4 °C can be preserved for six months.
Assuntos
Alginatos , Cápsulas , Dissacarídeos , Probióticos , Saccharomyces boulardii , Soro do Leite , Alginatos/química , Saccharomyces boulardii/química , Soro do Leite/química , Probióticos/química , Dissacarídeos/química , Liofilização , Pós , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Lactobacillaceae/químicaRESUMO
In this study, a novel one-step coaxial electrospinning process is employed to fabricate shell-core structure fibers choosing Chlorella pyrenoidosa proteins (CP) as the core material. These nanofibers, serving as the wall material for probiotic encapsulation, aimed to enhance the stability and antioxidant activity of probiotics in food processing, storage, and gastrointestinal environments under sensitive conditions. Morphological analysis was used to explore the beads-on-a-string morphology and core-shell structure of the electrospun fibers. Probiotics were successfully encapsulated within the fibers (7.97 log CFU/g), exhibiting a well-oriented structure along the distributed fibers. Compared to free probiotics and uniaxial fibers loaded with probiotics, encapsulation within microalgae proteins/alginate core-shell structure nanofibers significantly enhanced the probiotic cells' tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions (p < 0.05). Thermal analysis indicated that microalgae proteins/alginate core-shell structure nanofibers displayed superior thermal stability compared to uniaxial fibers. The introduction of CP resulted in a 50 % increase in the antioxidant capacity of probiotics-loaded microalgae proteins/alginate nanofibers compared to uniaxial alginate nanofibers, with minimal loss of viability (0.8 log CFU/g) after 28 days of storage at 4 °C. In summary, this dual-layer carrier holds immense potential in probiotic encapsulation and enhancing their resistance to harsh conditions.
Assuntos
Alginatos , Microalgas , Nanofibras , Probióticos , Alginatos/química , Nanofibras/química , Probióticos/química , Microalgas/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Chlorella/química , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
AIMS: To develop and characterize a functional lactose-free ice cream with added ginger and honey, evaluate the survival of Lacticaseibacillus casei CSL3 under frozen storage and the simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT), as well as antioxidant activity and product acceptability. METHODS AND RESULTS: The survival of Lacticaseibacillus casei CSL3 was evaluated for 180 days, under frozen storage, and GIT at 60 days. At 15 days of storage, proximal composition, antioxidant activity, color, pH, acidity, fusion, density, overrun, and sensory analysis were performed. Ice cream was an effective food matrix for maintaining the viability of CSL3, with concentrations > 7 log CFU g- 1 during storage and GIT. In addition, the analysis showed overrun and prebiotic characteristics through high values of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds, good acceptability, and purchase intention. CONCLUSIONS: The product has satisfactory market potential (acceptance rate of 95.19% and purchase intention rate > 96%), and it could become another means of inserting probiotics in food.
Assuntos
Mel , Sorvetes , Lacticaseibacillus casei , Probióticos , Zingiber officinale , Mel/análise , Zingiber officinale/química , Sorvetes/microbiologia , Sorvetes/análise , Lacticaseibacillus casei/química , Lacticaseibacillus casei/metabolismo , Probióticos/química , Humanos , Antioxidantes/química , Lactose/metabolismo , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This work developed and characterized the physicochemical properties of a type A gelatin and amidated low-methoxyl pectin complex coacervate (GA-LMAP-CC) hydrogel and evaluated its suitability for preserving the viability of probiotics under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. The formation of GA-LMAP-CC was achieved via height electrostatic attraction at pH 3 and a mixing ratio of 1, exhibiting thermoreversible gel behavior. The hydrogel had a porosity of 44% and a water absorption capacity of up to 12 times. Water absorption profiles were obtained at different pH values (2, 5, and 7). The influence of GA-LMAP-CC depended on the medium, which controlled the hydration and water absorption rate. GA-LMAP-CC promoted the viability of B. longum BB536 and L. acidophilus strains under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, thereby enhancing their potential for intestinal colonization. The hydrogel has suitable properties for potential application in food and pharmaceutical areas to encapsulate and preserve probiotics.