A Exposição de Adolescentes ao Facebook: Uma Revisão Sistemática / The Exposition of Adolescents to Facebook: A Systematic Review / La Exposición de Adolescentes al Facebook: Una Revisión Sistemática

Com a adesão crescente às redes sociais virtuais, a comunicação presencial tem cedido lugar para a comunicação virtual e seu principal local é o Facebook, a rede social mais popular do mundo. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a exposição de adolescentes ao Facebooke as implicações dessa exposição para a formação do Self. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (PePSIC), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Psicologia Brasil (BVS Psi), seguida por duas análises: a primeira, sobre os dados bibliométricos dos 13 artigos selecionados e a segunda, referente a análise feita pelo software iramuteq do corpus textual composto pelos resultados encontrados nos artigos desta revisão. Os resultados foram apresentados em 3 dimensões: 1) formação do Self entre usuários adolescentes no Facebook; 2) exposição ao Facebook e 3) adolescentes no campo do ciberespaço. A conclusão sugere que as possíveis implicações da exposição do adolescente aoFacebook são processos circulados por variáveis de impacto no Self, a partir de elementos como: economia do investimento interpessoal, tempo prolongado no ciberespaço, novas possibilidades de interação e excesso de informações.

As a result of the increase of social networks, face-to-face communication has lost ground in cyberspace, with Facebook being the most popular social network in the world. This article aimed to analyze the exposure of adolescents to Facebook and the implications of the exposure for the formation of the Self. A search was conducted in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (PePSIC), and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Psicologia Brasil (BVS Psi), databases, followed by two analyses: the first on the bibliometric data of the 13 selected articles and the second on the analysis by the Iramuteq software of the text corpus formed by the results of the articles of this review. The results were presented in 3 dimensions: 1) Self formation among adolescent Facebook users; 2) Exposure to Facebook and 3) adolescents in the cyberspace field. The conclusion suggests that the possible implications of adolescent exposure to Facebook are processes circulated by variables that impact the Self, such as economy of interpersonal investment, prolonged time in cyberspace, new possibilities of interaction and excess of information.

Con la creciente adhesión a las redes sociales virtuales, la comunicación cara a cara ha dado paso a la comunicación virtual, y su ubicación principal es Facebook, la red social más popular del mundo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la exposición de los adolescentes al Facebook y las implicaciones de dicha exposición para la formación del Self. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Revistas Electrónicas en Psicología (PePSIC), Biblioteca Virtual en Salud en Psicología Brasil (BVS Psi), seguida de dos análisis: el primero, sobre datos bibliométricos de 13 artículos seleccionados y el segundo se refiere al análisis realizado por el software Iramuteq del corpus textual compuesto por los resultados encontrados en los artículos de esta revisión. Los resultados se presentaron en 3 dimensiones: 1) formación del Self entre los usuarios adolescentes en Facebook; 2) exposición a Facebook y 3) adolescentes en el ámbito del ciberespacio. La conclusión sugiere que las posibles implicaciones de la exposición adolescente en Facebook son procesos que circulan por variables que impactan al Self con base en elementos como: economía de inversión interpersonal, tiempo prolongado en el ciberespacio, nuevas posibilidades de interacción, exceso de información.

Virtual Selfobject Presence: Future Orientation in the Treatment of Eating Disorders.

From a self-psychology perspective, the profound disruption of the will to exist physically and psychically in patients suffering from anorexia can be seen as a primary impairment of the selfobject's capacity to make space for them within itself. Kohut viewed the primary phase of the baby's existence in the mother's mind as its "virtual conception." On this foundation, the author uses the notion of "virtual selfobject" to understand the impaired will to exist in patients with anorexia and describes how the therapist may embrace a standpoint that creates a space-for-being for the patient, facilitating the reactivation of self needs in the transference. The notion of virtuality thus entails a future perspective, which ostensibly foretells or creates the potential future emergence of the patient's self. This conceptualization and its application are illustrated through a life-restoring therapy with a patient hospitalized with a life-threatening eating disorder.

Militância enquanto convite ao diálogo: o caso da militância monodissidente / Activism as an invitation for the dialogue: the case of monodissident activism / La militancia como invitación al diálogo: el caso de la militancia monodisidente

Este artigo é uma produção teórica de caráter reflexivo que focaliza a relação entre pesquisa e militância a partir do construtivismo semiótico-cultural em psicologia, tendo como base o caso da militância monodissidente. A noção de monodissidência foi cunhada no percurso da militância bissexual para se referir a uma ferramenta analítica de ordem político-comunitária que contempla todas as pessoas que se atraem sexual e/ou romanticamente por mais de um gênero. São contrapostas concepções distintas de militância político-social em psicologia: de um lado, militância é entendida a partir de um autocentramento do militante, vinculado a uma rede de exclusões, negações, vedação e defesas psicológicas em relação à experiência; de outro, há uma compreensão dialógica de militância. Metodologicamente, a proposta de pesquisa se fundamenta no campo da participação observante, entendendo que o pesquisador está, primeiro, na condição de participante de certo campo sociocultural, a partir do qual passa a observar e refletir sobre fenômenos que ocorrem nele. Tomamos como ilustração a trajetória de construção da militância monodissidente do primeiro autor, trazendo tensionamentos dialógicos para a análise, postos em discussão com outras reflexões situadas sobre o tema. O conjunto de tensionamentos dialógicos emergidos nesse percurso foi mapeado e compreendido como um processo de multiplicação dialógica no encontro de self pesquisador com o self militante.(AU)

This paper is a theoretical production of reflective character that focuses on the relationship between research and activism from the semiotic-cultural constructivism in psychology, based on the case of monodissident activism. The notion of monodissent was coined during bisexual activism to refer to an analytical tool of a political-community order that includes all people who are sexually and/or romantically attracted to more than one gender. Different conceptions of political-social activism in psychology are opposed: on the one hand, activism is understood from the militant's self-centeredness, linked to a network of exclusions, denials, gatekeeping, and psychological defenses regarding experience; on the other hand, there is a dialogical understanding of activism. Methodologically, the research proposal is based on the field of observant participation, understanding that the researcher is, first, in the condition of a participant in a certain sociocultural field, from which he starts to observe and reflect on phenomena that occur there. We take as an illustration the trajectory of the construction of the monodissident activism of the first author, bringing dialogical tensions to the analysis, discussed with other reflections on the subject. The set of dialogic tensions that emerged in this path was mapped and understood as a process of dialogic multiplication in the encounter of the researcher self with the activist self.(AU)

Este artículo realiza una producción teórica y reflexiva sobre la relación entre investigación y activismo desde el constructivismo semiótico-cultural en Psicología, a partir del caso del activismo monodisidente. La noción de monodisidencia fue acuñada en el transcurso de la militancia bisexual para referirse a una herramienta analítica de orden político-comunitario que incluye a todas las personas que se sienten atraídas sexual y / o románticamente por más de un género. Se contraponen distintas concepciones de la militancia político-social en Psicología: por un lado, la militancia se entiende desde el egocentrismo del militante, vinculado a un entramado de exclusiones, negaciones, sellamientos y defensas psicológicas con relación a la experiencia; por otro, existe una comprensión dialógica de la militancia. La investigación utiliza como metodología la participación del observador, entendiendo que el investigador se encuentra, en primer lugar, en la condición de participante de determinado campo sociocultural, desde donde comienza a observar y reflexionar sobre los fenómenos que allí ocurren. Tomamos como ilustración la trayectoria de la construcción de la militancia monodisidente del primer autor, trayendo tensiones dialógicas al análisis, discutidas con otras reflexiones sobre el tema. El conjunto de tensiones dialógicas que surgieron en este camino se caracteriza y se comprende como un proceso de multiplicación dialógica en el encuentro del self investigador con el self militante.(AU)

A relação entre arte e vida em vigotski: uma análise conceitual / The relationship between art and life in vygotsky: a conceptual analysis / La relación entre arte y vida en vigotski: un análisis conceptual

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre arte e vida segundo Vigotski. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise conceitual dos capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 e 11 da Psicologia da Arte, do capítulo 13 da Psicologia Pedagógica e do texto O significado histórico da crise da Psicologia: Uma investigação metodológica. A pesquisa conceitual consiste na análise semântica dos principais conceitos de uma teoria com o intuito de elucidar seus sentidos ocultos ou confusos e desvendar possíveis contradições e ambiguidades no quadro teórico. Podemos observar que a arte é um fenômeno dialético tanto em sua criação como em seus efeitos. A influência da vida, isto é, da realidade sócio-histórica, na criação artística é indireta, pois ela é sempre mediada pelo psiquismo particular do artista. Já o efeito da arte sobre a vida possibilita que o ser humano se conscientize de sua realidade social e se engaje para mudá-la. A arte é, portanto, transformadora, pois reorganiza o psiquismo e possibilita uma mudança nas condições materiais dos seres humanos.(AU)

This study aims to analyze the relationship between art and life according to Vygotsky. Therefore, a conceptual analysis of chapters 1, 7, 9, 10, and 11 of Psychology of Art, chapter 13 of Educational Psychology and the text The Historical meaning of the Crisis of Psychology: A Methodological Investigation was carried out. Conceptual research consists of the semantic analysis of the main concepts of a theory to elucidate its hidden or confused meanings and to reveal possible contradictions and ambiguities in the theoretical framework. Results show that art is a dialectical phenomenon both in its creation and its effects. The influence of life, that is, of socio-historical reality, on artistic creation is indirect since it is always mediated by the artist's particular psyche. The effect of art on life, on the other hand, allows human beings to become aware of their social reality and engage to change it. Art is, therefore, transformative, as it reorganizes the psyche and enables a change in the material conditions of human beings.(AU)

Este proyecto tuve como objetivo analizar la relación entre el arte y la vida, según Vigotski. Para esto, fue realizado un análisis de los capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 y 11 de Psicología del arte, del capítulo 13 de Psicología Pedagógica y del texto Él significado histórico de la crisis de la Psicología: una investigación metodológica. La pesquisa conceptual consiste en la analice semántica de los conceptos de una teoría, para aclarar sus significados ocultos o confusos y desvendar contradicciones y ambigüedades em el cuadro teórico. Pudimos observar que, el arte es un fenómeno dialéctico en su creación tanto como en sus efectos. La influencia de la vida, esto es, de la realidad socio-histórica, en la creación artística es indirecta, pues es mediada por el psiquismo particular de lo artista. Así, el efecto del arte sobre la vida habilita que lo ser humano adquiera conciencia de su realidad social y que se comprometa a cambiarla. El arte, consiguientemente, transformadora, pues reorganiza lo psiquismo y habilita un cambio en las condiciones materiales de los seres humanos.(AU)

I overthink-Therefore I am not: An active inference account of altered sense of self and agency in depersonalisation disorder.

This paper considers the phenomenology of depersonalisation disorder, in relation to predictive processing and its associated pathophysiology. To do this, we first establish a few mechanistic tenets of predictive processing that are necessary to talk about phenomenal transparency, mental action, and self as subject. We briefly review the important role of 'predicting precision' and how this affords mental action and the loss of phenomenal transparency. We then turn to sensory attenuation and the phenomenal consequences of (pathophysiological) failures to attenuate or modulate sensory precision. We then consider this failure in the context of depersonalisation disorder. The key idea here is that depersonalisation disorder reflects the remarkable capacity to explain perceptual engagement with the world via the hypothesis that "I am an embodied perceiver, but I am not in control of my perception". We suggest that individuals with depersonalisation may believe that 'another agent' is controlling their thoughts, perceptions or actions, while maintaining full insight that the 'other agent' is 'me' (the self). Finally, we rehearse the predictions of this formal analysis, with a special focus on the psychophysical and physiological abnormalities that may underwrite the phenomenology of depersonalisation.

Spiritual Transformation of Han: Four Levels of Transference in Self Psychology.

The purpose of this article is to research han (an oppressed feeling in Korea) through spiritual approaches including self psychology. Han is an oppressive feeling in Korean society. This han, caused by splitting, can be a place for the beginning of healing. One can invest one's instinctual energy in the right place in the feeble self, according to one's deepest needs there, in that spot of fragility. Many Koreans have been suffering from a deceptive self-image and do not feel deserving of love or care because of the vicious han-ridden circle. If Koreans can attain healthy self-object experiences, they will no longer feel fragility in themselves.

Self Psychology: The Ethics of Oneness.

A person's life and work, as recounted in a full-scale biography, is always a vibrant opportunity to touch the riddle's core, reflecting the sublime human yearning to see beyond the veil separating "I" from "other." This is especially true in respect to Heinz Kohut, the founding father of self psychology. Strozier's (2001) monumental biography is used for a philosophical and historical scrutiny of Kohut's quest for the Grand Unity embodied in the monistic principle of holistic totality. This vision of laying the foundations of a supra-personal dimension in which the personal and the interpersonal amalgamate into an entangled universe is advocated as the spiritual core of Kohut's oeuvre. The vertical split between One Person Psychology and Two Person Psychology is, thus, healed by Kohut's revolutionary role in creating, explicitly and implicitly, a new kind of ethics in psychoanalysis: the ethics of Oneness.

The evolutionary dynamics of expectations: Interactions among codes in inter-human communications.

Double contingency-each of us (Ego) expects others (Alter) to entertain expectations as we entertain them ourselves-can be considered as the micro-operation of an above-individual (i.e., social) logic of expectations. Meaning is provided to events from the perspective of hindsight, but with reference to horizons of meaning. Whereas "natural selection" is based on genotypes that are observable (like DNA), cultural selection mechanisms are not hard-wired, but evolve. The "genotypes" of cultural evolution are codes in the communication which can operate as selections upon one another. Local instantiations shape trajectories; regimes operate as selection pressure with reference to the next-order horizons of meaning. These orders of expectations can operate incursively and hyper-incursively against the arrow of time and thus generate redundancies: (i) horizons of meaning can be expected to overlap and (ii) distinctions generate new options enlarging the maximum capacities. Information theory and the theory of anticipatory systems can be used for the elaboration of operations against the arrow of time. New options can be a synergetic effect of interactions among codes in the communication and serve as sources of wealth in a knowledge-based economy.

Ambition for Self and for Specialty: Emery A. Rovenstine and the Politics of Organized Anesthesia, 1937-1947.

The letters between Emery Andrew Rovenstine, MD (1895-1960), and Arthur Ernest Guedel, MD (1883-1956), are a window into the personalities and politics of the creation of American anesthesiology. The ambition of these men, both personal and professional, lay at the heart of their sacrifices and successes. Their correspondence unmasked common struggles and foibles, humanizing these giants of our field. Notably throughout the letters, Rovenstine, as the junior partner, wrestled with Guedel's advice to temper personal ambition for the collective good. Over time, their relationship matured, and the junior eclipsed the senior. Still, at various points in his career, Rovenstine was censured for self-promotion by leaders in anesthesiology and the general medical community. These moments brought to light issues of continued relevance today: inner tension between individual and group ambition, and professional friction between academic and political priorities in anesthesiology. In the end, it was an unapologetic blend of ambition for self and ambition for the specialty that allowed Emery Rovenstine to make his unique imprint on American anesthesiology.

Sticking together? Re-binding previous other-associated stimuli interferes with self-verification but not partner-verification.

The self-prioritisation and we-prioritisation effects can be observed through faster responses to self-stimuli (self and group) than non-self-stimuli. It remains uncertain if we-prioritisation extends to individual members of one's own group. In light of recent work that implicates memory-based processes in identity-prioritisation effects, the present experiment was developed to determine whether a task-partner's identity relevant information also benefits from an enhanced representation, despite conflicting evidence of partner-prioritisation. To this end, pairs of participants were recruited to perform a joint task. Each partner was assigned a shape and a stranger was also assigned a shape. Participants then completed a shape-to-label matching task where one participant responded if a shape and a label pair matched and the other responded if the shape and a label pair did not match. Halfway through the task the associated identities were switched such that the same shapes and labels were reassigned. Overall, a standard self-prioritisation effect was observed with match-responders making faster responses to self- over partner- and stranger-stimuli. After identities were remapped a decrement in performance was observed for self-trials relative to baseline self-responses. Conversely, responses were faster to partner- and stranger-stimuli relative to baseline performance for each stimulus type. Thus, no evidence was observed for an enhanced representation for task-partner-associated identities. However, an interaction between old and new memory traces for self- and other-associated identities does seem to interfere with self-retrieval and self-verification processes.

Self-estimation of phenylketonuria patients on therapeutic diet. Psychological support.

Objectives Self-esteem is the degree to which the qualities and characteristics contained in one's self-concept are perceived to be positive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-esteem scores in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients on "strict", "loos" and "off diet". Sixty PKU patients were divided in three equal groups. Methods Group a: "on strict", group b: "on loos" and group c: "off diet". A special questionnaire for self-esteem scores was created for these patients. Results Before psychological support, group a patients demonstrated 6/20 (30%) very high self-esteem, 9/20 (45%) high and 5/25 (25%) moderate. After support 14/20 (70%) were turned to very high, 5/20 (25%) represented high except one whose degrees remained an altered. group b 4/20 (20%) were very high, 7/20 (35%) were high, 3/20 (15%) moderate and the rest of them showed low self-esteem degrees, after support, 10/20 (50%) showed very high, 5/20 (25%) became high, 3/20 (15%) turned to moderate and 2/20 (10%) remained unaltered. Group c, 1/20 (5%) were very high self-esteemed, 7/20 (35%) were high, 6/20 (30%) were moderate and 6/20 (30%) with low self-esteemed, at the end of support, 6/20 (30%) become very high, 8/20 (40%) with high, 4/20 (20.0%), moderate self-esteem whereas the rest were unaltered. Conclusions Very high and high self-esteem degrees were demonstrated in patients who follow their PKU diet. Moderate and low self-esteem degrees were predominantly found in patients on loos and or off diet. Psychological supports commonly result in amelioration of self-esteem degrees.

Com que roupa eu vou? ­ Um caso de patologia da identidade em psicoterapia de orientação analítica / What clothes should I wear? ­ A identity pathology case in psychotherapy analytical oriented

O entendimento e tratamento das patologias da identidade representam grande desafio aos profissionais de saúde mental devido à complexidade e intensidade de sua apresentação. No presente estudo relatamos um caso típico de patologia da identidade, revisando teorias sobre formação do self, caráter, identidade, além da descrição de conceitos importantes para o entendimento e consequente discussão do mesmo.(AU)

The understanding and treatment of identity pathologies present a great challenge to mental health professionals due to the complexity and intensity of their presentation. In the present study we report a typical case of identity pathology, reviewing theories about self formation, character, identity, as well as the description of important concepts for understanding and consequent discussion of the case.(AU)

El entendimiento y tratamiento de las patologías de la identidad representan un gran desafío a los profesionales de salud mental debido a la complejidad e intensidad de su presentación. En el presente estudio relatamos un caso típico de patología de la identidad, revisando teorías sobre formación del self, carácter, identidad, además de la descripción de conceptos importantes para el entendimiento y consecuente discusión del mismo.(AU)

Do acolhimento da queixa à compreensão da demanda na terapia centrada no cliente / From the complaint reception to the demand understanding in client-centered therapy

Este artigo objetiva fazer uma reflexão teórica sobre o acolhimento da queixa e a compreensão da demanda no processo clínico da terapia centrada no cliente, de Carl Rogers. Inicialmente, apresenta uma distinção entre queixa e demanda e argumenta que o acolhimento da queixa e sua conversão em demanda faz parte do manejo clínico. Posteriormente, apresenta algumas noções rogerianas para entender como se estruturam os fenômenos da queixa e da demanda. Em seguida, descreve os aspectos relacionados ao acolhimento da queixa e sua conversão em demanda, segundo o desenvolvimento do processo terapêutico, via consideração positiva incondicional e compreensão empática. Conclui que a terapia centrada no cliente possui implicações conceituais que possibilitam um olhar clínico sobre tais fenômenos em relação aos seus aspectos constituintes, distintivos e conversivos. Sugere, finalmente, outras reflexões e estudos empíricos.(AU)

This article aims to make a theoretical reflection on the complaint reception and the demand understanding in the clinical process of the client-centered therapy, by Carl Rogers. Initially, presents a distinction between complaint and demand and argues that the complaint reception and its conversion into demand are part of the clinical management. Subsequently, presents some rogerian notions to understand how the complaint and demand phenomena are structured. It then describes the aspects related to the complaint reception and its conversion into demand, according to the therapeutic process development, through unconditional positive consideration and empathic understanding. Concludes that the client-centered therapy has conceptual implications that enable a clinical view of these phenomena in relation to their constituent, distinctive and conversion aspects. Finally, suggests other reflections and empirical studies.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una reflexión teórica sobre la recepción de la queja y la comprensión de la demanda en el proceso clínico de la terapia centrada en el cliente, de Carl Rogers. Inicialmente, presenta una distinción entre queja y demanda y argumenta que la recepción de la queja y su conversión en demanda son parte del manejo clínico. Posteriormente, presenta algunos conceptos de Rogers para entender cómo se estructuran los fenómenos de la queja y de la demanda. En seguida, describe los aspectos relacionados con la recepción de la queja y su conversión para demanda, según el desarrollo del proceso terapéutico, mediante la consideración positiva incondicional y la comprensión empática. Concluye que la terapia centrada en el cliente tiene implicaciones conceptuales que posibilitan una mirada clínica sobre tales fenómenos en relación a sus aspectos constituyentes, distintivos y de conversión. Sugiere, finalmente, otras reflexiones y estudios empíricos.(AU)

Termination in Self Psychology: Heinz Kohut's Contribution.

Psychoanalysis has long grappled with understanding and defining termination. Freud came to some pessimistic conclusions about it toward the end of his life. Later, especially in the United States, the field developed some rigid ideas about endings in psychoanalysis. Heinz Kohut, through his wide-ranging ideas about what he came to call self psychology, brought a sense of openness, fluidity, and nonlinearity to our understanding of termination. His ideas lie scattered throughout his writings, as he never developed a coherent theory of endings in treatment. This paper brings together those thoughts and argues that Kohut prefigures more recent writings about termination, especially by self and relational psychoanalysts. It places Kohut's thoughts on termination in the context of his view of the self as tilting toward cohesion and wholeness, gently nudging the listing ship upright. Termination marks the often vague and indeterminate, yet real, point of mutual recognition of that wholeness.

Psicologia da Família, self e relação: revisão e narrativa da construção de um campo disciplinar / Family psychology, self and relationship: a narrative review of the construvtion of a disciplinary field / Psicología de la familia, self y relación: una revisión narrativa de la construcción de un campo disciplinario

A Psicologia da Família surgiu como disciplina na década de 1980, nos EUA. Influenciada pela Terapia de Família, adota a Abordagem Sistêmica como referencial teórico e se articula aos referenciais tradicionais da Psicologia. Defende a integração entre perspectivas teóricas que abordem o self e a relação. Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa, cujo objetivo foi o de analisar e discutir a produção nacional, considerando temas e áreas disciplinares. Foi feita uma pesquisa no SCIELO e na PEPSIC, de 2010 a 2019, com os termos Psicologia e Família. Posteriormente, foram trazidos artigos ilustrativos do Journal of Family Psychology, a fim de especificar a articulação entre self e relação. Os resultados indicaram que os estudos nacionais sobre família são realizados em várias áreas disciplinares da Psicologia e apresentam temas tradicionais e inovadores, que podem sugerir novas formas de intervenção psicológica (Au).

Family Psychology emerged as a discipline in the 1980s in the USA. Influenced by Family Therapy, it adopts the Systemic Approach as a theoretical framework and articulates with the traditional frameworks of Psychology. It advocates the integration between theoretical perspectives that approach the self and the relation. A narrative review was carried out, whose objective was to analyze and discuss the national production, considering subjects and disciplinary areas. A research was conducted at SCIELO and PEPSIC, from 2010 to 2019, with the terms Psychology and Family. Subsequently, illustrative articles were brought from the Journal of Family Psychology in order to specify the articulation between self and relationship. The results indicated that national family studies are conducted in various disciplinary areas of psychology and present traditional and innovative themes that may suggest new forms of psychological intervention (AU).

La Psicología de la Familia surgió como disciplina en la década de 1980 en los Estados Unidos. Influenciada por la Terapia Familiar, adopta el enfoque sistémico como marco teórico y se articula a los referenciales tradicionales de la Psicología. Defiende la integración entre perspectivas teóricas que se acercan al yo y a la relación. Se realizó una revisión narrativa, cuyo objetivo ha sido analizar y discutir la producción nacional, considerando temas y áreas disciplinarias. Una encuesta se realizó en SCIELO y PEPSIC, de 2010 a 2019, con los términos Psicología y Familia. Más tarde, se trajeron artículos ilustrativos del Journal of Family Psychology para especificar la articulación entre el self y la relación. Los resultados indicaron que los estudios familiares nacionales se realizan en diversas áreas disciplinarias de la Psicología y presentan temas tradicionales e innovadores, que pueden sugerir nuevas formas de intervención psicológica (AU).

People represent their own mental states more distinctly than those of others.

One can never know the internal workings of another person-one can only infer others' mental states based on external cues. In contrast, each person has direct access to the contents of their own mind. Here, we test the hypothesis that this privileged access shapes the way people represent internal mental experiences, such that they represent their own mental states more distinctly than the states of others. Across four studies, participants considered their own and others' mental states; analyses measured the distinctiveness of mental state representations. Two fMRI studies used representational similarity analyses to demonstrate that the social brain manifests more distinct activity patterns when thinking about one's own states vs. others'. Two behavioral studies complement these findings, and demonstrate that people differentiate between states less as social distance increases. Together, these results suggest that we represent our own mind with greater granularity than the minds of others.

Digressões acerca da noção de estilo: contribuições para uma perspectiva não moderna do eu / Digresiones acerca de la noción de estilo: contribuciones para una perspectiva no moderna del yo / Digressions about style notion: contributions to a non-modern perspective of the self

Resumo O presente artigo pretende discutir a noção de estilo como possibilidade de rever a noção de sujeito numa perspectiva não moderna. A inspiração que nos dá suporte advém da Teoria Ator-rede (TAR), proposta por Bruno Latour e outros autores. O ponto de partida da TAR são as conexões, os laços que articulam humanos a não humanos, tecendo e compondo o mundo em que vivemos. A questão central diz respeito a pensarmos o eu como uma construção relacional e, nesse sentido, recorremos a noção de estilo para desenvolver essa reflexão. Três filósofos contemporâneos - Alfred North Whitehead, Etienne Souriau e Gilles Deleuze - são referências necessárias na compreensão da TAR e nos auxiliam na discussão do conceito de estilo. Discorremos sobre como cada um desses autores aborda esse tema e concluímos indicando os desdobramentos de tais contribuições para pensarmos o eu para além de uma interioridade.

Resumen En el presente artículo se discute la noción de estilo como una posibilidad de revisar la noción de sujeto a partir de una perspectiva no moderna. La inspiración en que se apoya esa idea proviene de la teoría del actor-red (TAR), propuesta por Bruno Latour y otros autores. El punto de partida de la TAR son las conexiones, los lazos que articulan humanos a no humanos, tejiendo y componiendo el mundo en que vivimos. La cuestión central se refiere a pensar en el yo como una construcción relacional y, en ese sentido, recurrimos a la noción de estilo para desarrollar esa reflexión. Trés filósofos contemporáneos - Alfred North Whitehead, Etienne Souriau y Gilles Deleuze - son las referencias necesarias en la comprensión de la TAR y ayudarán con el concepto de estilo. Se discute cómo cada uno de esos autores aborda esa cuestión y se llega a la conclusión sugiriendo el desarrollo de dichas contribuciones para pensar el yo más allá de una interioridad.

Abstract The present article intends to discuss the notion of style as a possibility to revise the notion of subject in a non-modern perspective. The inspiration that supported us came from the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), proposed by Bruno Latour and other authors. ANT's starting points are the connections, the ties that articulate humans and non-humans, weaving and composing the world in which we live. The central issue in this work was to think about the self as a relational construction and to resort to the notion of style in order to develop this reflection. Three contemporary philosophers - Alfred North Whitehead, Etienne Souriau and Gilles Deleuze were essential references in the understanding of ANT and assisted us in discussing the concept of style. In the article we discuss how each of these authors addresses this theme and conclude by indicating the unfolding of such contributions in order to reflect on the self beyond interiority.

Letters to anorexia. Narrative tools for working with anorectic patientsin a Dialogical Self context. / Listy do anoreksji. Narracyjne narzedzia pracy z pacjentami anorektycznymi w kontekscie teorii Dialogowego Ja.

OBJECTIVES: Deepening understanding of the experience of patients with anorexia nervosa in the light of a narrative-constructivist approach and Dialogic Self Theory. Exploring the phenomenon of internal dialogues, which occur in patients'minds as an interchange between two competing (healthy and disordered) aspects of their Selves. Describing diagnostic and applicative possibilities of narrative stimuli in the form of "Letters to anorexia". METHODS: As was assumed the process of developing/ regaining a relative detachment from the internal voice of anorexia, which itself is indicative of progressing recovery, can be both diagnosed and fostered with externalisation techniques. Developed for the purpose of the research, a categorisation tool was designed to examine two aspects: Self-positioning (positioning above and below the voice of personified anorexia) and autobiographical narrative patterns used by researched persons. RESULTS: Based on statistical analysis, two different groups of patients were identified: (1) with dominant below-positioning, (2) with dominant above-positioning. Using mixed quantitative-qualitative methodology (including semantic analysis), multidimensional correlations were established within the two homogeneous clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Postulated in the Dialogical Self context, supporting internal dialogue in patients with anorexia nervosa seems to co-exist with subsequent stages in the treatment process, which is reflected in the letters to anorexia written during therapy. Areverse correlation can also besurmised, i.e. the positiveeffectof theintentionaltherapeutictriggering of internal dialogue and narrative experience structuring using narrative stimuli such as letters. Authors provide some suggestions for further in-depth research on internal dialogues with regard to application, diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.

Direct Gaze Blurs Self-Other Boundaries.

Self-other merging can arise not only between acquainted people but also between strangers. To date, the factors determining self-other merging between strangers remain to be elucidated. We investigate whether strangers' facial appearance (i.e. gaze direction) modulates such initial processes of self-other merging. In the two experiments, participants viewed strangers' faces whose gaze either directed to or averted from them. The extent of self-other merging was measured in terms of perception of face resemblance, Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) scale, and correlations of personality judgments. We found that direct gaze blurred the self-other boundaries at both facial and conceptual levels. Participants felt a stranger who directly gazed at them to be closer and more similar to themselves about face and personality.

Diferenciação do self: revisão integrativa de artigos empíricos internacionais / Differentiation of self: integrative review of international empirical articles

A diferenciação do self refere-se à capacidade para adquirir equilíbrio entre funcionamento emocional, intelectual, intimidade e autonomia nas relações. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar as variáveis associadas ao processo de diferenciação do self em pesquisas empíricas internacionais, publicadas nos últimos cinco anos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir da busca na base de dados Wef of Science, que resultou em 22 artigos científicos. As publicações foram analisadas em relação ao ano, ao método, à amostra e ao país onde foram produzidas. Efetuou-se, ainda, uma categorização temática, com base na similaridade dos conteúdos abordados pelas pesquisas. Os resultados indicaram associações positivas da diferenciação do self com variáveis ligadas ao bem-estar psicológico e à capacidade de relacionamento interpessoal, e negativas com fenômenos que apresentam relação com sofrimento psicológico e transtornos mentais. Esses achados reforçam a importância da diferenciação do self em intervenções psicoterapêuticas individuais, conjugais e familiares.(AU)

The differentiation of self refers to the capacity to obtain balance between the functioning of emotional, intellectual, intimacy and autonomy in relations. The objective of this study was to identify and to analyze the variables associated to the process of differentiation of self in international empirical researches, published in the last five years. It was made an integrative literature review, starting from the search in the data base Wef of Science, which resulted in 22 scientific articles. The publications were analyzed in relation to the year, method, sample and country where they were performed. It was done, yet, a thematic categorization, based in the similarity of the contents covered for the researches. The results indicated positive associations of the differentiation of self with variables related to the psychological welfare and to the capacity of interpersonal relationship, and negative associations with phenomenon that have relation with psychological suffering and mental disorders. These findings reinforce the importance of differentiation of self in individual, marital and family psychotherapeutic interventions.(AU)