Factors associated with a better treatment efficacy among psoriasis patients: a study based on decision tree model and logistic regression in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND: Many effective therapies for psoriasis are being applied in clinical practice in recent years, however, some patients still can't achieve satisfied effect even with biologics. Therefore, it is crucial to identify factors associated with the treatment efficacy among psoriasis patients. This study aims to explore factors influencing the treatment efficacy of psoriasis patients based on decision tree model and logistic regression. METHODS: We implemented an observational study and recruited 512 psoriasis patients in Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital from 2021 to 2022. We used face-to-face questionnaire interview and physical examination to collect data. Influencing factors of treatment efficacy were analyzed by using logistic regression, and decision tree model based on the CART algorithm. The receiver operator curve (ROC) was plotted for model evaluation and the statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The 512 patients were predominately males (72.1%), with a median age of 47.5 years. In this study, 245 patients achieved ≥ 75% improvement in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score in week 8 and was identified as treatment success (47.9%). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with senior high school and above, without psoriasis family history, without tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking had higher percentage of treatment success in patients with psoriasis. The final decision tree model contained four layers with a total of seventeen nodes. Nine classification rules were extracted and five factors associated with treatment efficacy were screened, which indicated tobacco smoking was the most critical variable for treatment efficacy prediction. Model evaluation by ROC showed that the area under curve (AUC) was 0.79 (95%CI: 0.75 ~ 0.83) both for logistic regression model (0.80 sensitivity and 0.69 specificity) and decision tree model (0.77 sensitivity and 0.73 specificity). CONCLUSION: Psoriasis patients with higher education, without tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and psoriasis family history had better treatment efficacy. Decision tree model had similar predicting effect with the logistic regression model, but with higher feasibility due to the nature of simple, intuitive, and easy to understand.

Patient perspective on psoriasis: Psychosocial burden of psoriasis and its management in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic erythematous inflammatory skin disorder. The major challenge with psoriasis is delayed diagnosis, resulting in delayed treatment initiation and reduced quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE: This patient perspective study aimed to explore the emotional and psychosocial burdens faced by patients with psoriasis in Malaysia and their attitudes toward current psoriasis treatment. METHODS: Adult patients with mild or moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, preferably with concomitant psoriatic arthritis, participated in a patient advisory board meeting along with a senior consultant dermatologist. Patients had to describe their initial symptoms, time of diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment initiation delays, treatment course, flare-ups, psychosocial impact, and QoL associated with psoriasis. RESULTS: The 11 participating patients had a mean age of 46 years with mean age of psoriasis diagnosis and an average year of suffering with psoriasis being 21.9 years and 24.5 years, respectively. The most common initial symptom of psoriasis was itching (62.5%), particularly of the scalp followed by itchiness and red patches on skin. Most patients (90%) reported initial misdiagnosis with other skin diseases by their primary care physicians (PCPs), which led to delayed treatment initiation. Most patients reported an emotional impact of psoriasis, including low self-esteem (18%), lack of confidence (27%), shock (18%), sadness (9%), and outrage (9%). Social discrimination/stigmatization in public places and at work (45%), and even from relatives (18%) was another reported challenge. However, 73% of patients were highly satisfied with the current treatment. Overall, the patients agreed that the lack of public awareness of psoriasis was responsible for the social stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence obtained from this qualitative study indicated that psoriasis has a significant emotional and psychological impact on the patients affecting their QoL. Lack of awareness of the disease among PCPs, patients, and the public is a major challenge leading to poor treatment outcomes.

Secukinumab and Dead Sea Climatotherapy Impact Resolved Psoriasis Skin Differently Potentially Affecting Disease Memory.

Secukinumab and Dead Sea treatment result in clear skin for many psoriasis patients, through distinct mechanisms. However, recurrence in the same areas after treatments suggests the existence of a molecular scar. We aimed to compare the molecular and genetic differences in psoriasis patients who achieved complete response from secukinumab and Dead Sea climatotherapy treatments. We performed quantitative immunohistochemical and transcriptomic analysis, in addition to digital spatial profiling of skin punch biopsies. Histologically, both treatments resulted in a normalization of the lesional skin to a level resembling nonlesional skin. Interestingly, the transcriptome was not normalized by either treatments. We revealed 479 differentially expressed genes between secukinumab and Dead Sea climatotherapy at the end of treatment, with a psoriasis panel identifying SERPINB4, SERPINB13, IL36G, IL36RN, and AKR1B10 as upregulated in Dead Sea climatotherapy compared with secukinumab. Using digital spatial profiling, pan-RAS was observed to be differentially expressed in the microenvironment surrounding CD103+ cells, and IDO1 was differentially expressed in the dermis when comparing the two treatments. The differences observed between secukinumab and Dead Sea climatotherapy suggest the presence of a molecular scar, which may stem from mechanistically different pathways and potentially contribute to disease recurrence. This may be important for determining treatment response duration and disease memory.

Psoriasis healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey among psoriasis patients (PsoCovidCare).

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, psoriasis care underwent significant changes in consultation methods and treatment management. However, comprehensive data on these changes and patient perceptions are limited. AIMS: To evaluate the pandemic's implications on psoriasis patients, focusing on access to information, consultation methods, patient satisfaction, disease control assessment, and treatment management changes. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was performed in psoriasis patients from 4 dutch hospitals during the second wave of the pandemic. RESULTS: Among 551 respondents, approximately 55% received information their treatment in relation to COVID-19 from their treating physician, while 16.3% sought information online. Consultation methods were shifted to remote formats for 43.6% of patients, primarily via phone and the shift was often initiated by physicians. Overall patient satisfaction during the pandemic scored high (8.0), with remote consultations scoring between 8.0-9.0. Patients on biological treatment reported better disease control (8.0), compared to those on topical (6.0) or conventional systemic treatments (7.0). However, within the systemic treatment group and biologics group, a notable percentage interrupted (16.3% resp. 12.9%) or discontinued treatment (14.1 resp. 10.6%) during the pandemic. Disease control was moderate-to-good assessed by 75% of patients receiving face-to-face and 68% receiving remote consultations. CONCLUSION: Remote care appears to be a viable alternative to face-to-face consultations, with potential benefits in enhancing access to information provided by treating physicians.

Effect of electroacupuncture intervention on angiogenesis in psoriasis mice. / ç”µé’ˆå¯¹é“¶å±‘ç— å°é¼ è¡€ç®¡ç”Ÿæˆçš„å½±å“åŠæœºåˆ¶ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Zusanli"(ST36) and"Xuehai"(SP10) on the angiogenesis of the local injured skin tissue in mice with psoriasis, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of psoriasis-induced skin lesions. METHODS: A total of 24 female BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control, model and EA groups, with 8 mice in each group. The psoriasis-like skin lesion model was established by application of 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream to the mice's back skin, 62.5 mg/d, for 7 days after local depilation, and the mice of the control group received local application of an equal amount of petroleum jelly once a day for 7 days. EA stimulation (2 Hz/100 Hz) was applied to ST36 and SP10 for 30 min, once daily for 7 consecutive days. Photos of the topical injured skin at the back were taken every day, and the severity of psoriasis lesions (psoriasis area and severity index ï¼»PASIï¼½) was scaled. Following H.E. staining, the morphological changes in the injured skin tissue were observed with epidermal thickness analyzed, and the Masson staining was used to observe the proportion of collagen fibers in the injured skin tissues. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of microvascular markers CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the microvascular density (MVD) was calculated. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of CD31, VEGF proteins and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway related proteins p38, phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), p-ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p-JNK in the injured skin tissue. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the mice in the model group showed an evident increase in the erythema score, scales score, skin thickening score and PASI score, epidermal thickness, proportion of the collagen fibers, MVD value of CD31 and VEGF, and expression levels of CD31 and VEGF proteins, and p-p38/p38, p-ERK/ERK and p-JNK/JNK ratios in the injured skin tissue (P<0.001, P<0.01). In contrast to the model group, the EA group had a significant decrease in the levels of all the indexes mentioned above (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: EA intervention can improve the psoriasis-like skin lesions induced by IMQ in mice, which may be related with its functions in down-regulating the expression of angiogenic related factors CD31 and VEGF proteins and MAPK signaling pathway related proteins in the topical injured skin tissue.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies WARS1+ Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Enhanced Immunomodulatory Capacity and Improved Therapeutic Efficacy.

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disorder with no cure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties for psoriasis, but the therapeutic efficacies varied, and the molecular mechanisms were unknown. In this study, we improved the efficacy by enhancing the immunomodulatory effects of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). UC-MSCs stimulated by TNF-α and IFN-γ exhibited a better therapeutic effect in a mouse model of psoriasis. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the stimulated UC-MSCs overrepresented a subpopulation expressing high tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (WARS1). WARS1-overexpressed UC-MSCs treat psoriasis-like skin inflammation more efficiently than control UC-MSCs by restraining the proinflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, WARS1 maintained a RhoA-Akt axis and governed the immunomodulatory properties of UC-MSCs. Together, we identify WARS1 as a master regulator of UC-MSCs with enhanced immunomodulatory capacities, which paves the way for the directed modification of UC-MSCs for escalated therapeutic efficacy.

Modulation of the skin and gut microbiome by psoriasis treatment: a comprehensive systematic review.

The microbiome is intricately linked to the development of psoriasis, serving as both a potential cause and consequence of the psoriatic process. In recent years, there has been growing interest among psoriasis researchers in exploring how psoriasis treatments affect the skin and gut microbiome. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of modern treatment approaches on the microbiome has yet to be conducted. In this systematic review, we analyze studies investigating alterations in the skin and gut microbiome resulting from psoriasis treatment, aiming to understand how current therapies influence the role of the microbiome in psoriasis development. The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies from the inception dates until July 5, 2023. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out by three overlapping pairs of reviewers, resolving any disagreements through consensus. Our analysis of various treatments, including biologics, conventional medications, phototherapy, and probiotics, reveals significant shifts in microbial diversity and abundance. Importantly, favorable treatment outcomes are associated with microbiota alterations that approach those observed in healthy individuals. While the studies reviewed exhibit varying degrees of bias, underscoring the need for further research, this review supports the potential of microbiome modulation as both a preventive and therapeutic strategy for psoriasis patients. The findings underscore the importance of personalized therapeutic approaches, recognizing the profound impact of treatment on the microbiome. They also highlight the promise of probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions in psoriasis management.

Health disparities in psoriasis: geographic barriers to access in the United States.

PURPOSE: Providers who treat patients with psoriasis are unevenly distributed across the United States, with more in urban than rural areas. This retrospective claims analysis characterized disparities in access to care for US patients with psoriasis using data from the STATinMED database. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients (≥18 years) had ≥1 claim with a psoriasis diagnosis and ≥1 claim for advanced psoriasis therapy (apremilast or biologics) between January 2015 and December 2019. Access to psoriasis care was determined using the proportion of patients with 0, 1-2, 3-4, or ≥5 providers in their local area. RESULTS: Overall, 179,688 patients were included in the analysis, 80.0% in urban areas. The access ratio was highest for internal medicine physicians (97.1 per 1000 patients) and lowest for dermatologists (4.4 per 1000 patients) and family practice physicians (3.9 per 1000 patients). In urban areas, 41% of patients had access to ≥5 dermatologists versus 7% in rural areas. Whereas 2% of patients in urban areas sought care outside of their local area, 75% in rural areas did so. Use of advanced therapies was low in all states (<17%). CONCLUSION: Access to psoriasis-treating providers varied widely. Regardless of access, utilization of advanced treatments was low, suggesting the need for effective, easy-to-administer therapy.

Healthcare resource utilization patterns in psoriasis patients using biologic and conventional treatments in Finland.

Introduction and aim: Psoriasis vulgaris is associated with a significant healthcare burden, which increases over time as the disease progresses. The aim of this retrospective, population-based registry study was to characterize healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in patients with psoriasis using biologics and oral immunosuppressants (conventionals) in Finland. Materials and methods: The study cohort included all patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris in the secondary healthcare setting between 2012-2018, who initiated a biologic (n=1,297) or conventional (n=4,753) treatment between 2013-2017. Data on primary and secondary HCRU were collected from nationwide healthcare registries. Results: The results indicated a remarkable decrease in contacts with a dermatologist after the treatment initiation among patients starting biologic (mean annual number of contacts 5.4 per person before and 2.3 after the initiation), but not conventional (3.3 and 3.2) treatment. For conventional starters there was a high level of contacts with a dermatologist surrounding times of treatment switching, which was not observed for biologic starters. Conclusion: Overall, primary and other secondary care contacts did not decrease after the initiation or switch of treatment. The results highlight the importance of thorough consideration of the most optimal treatment alternatives, considering the overall disease burden to patients and healthcare systems.

Managing the Patient with Psoriasis and Metabolic Comorbidities.

Epidemiological data demonstrate strong associations between psoriasis and metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The presence of metabolic comorbidities significantly influences the selection and effectiveness of pharmacological treatments. Some drugs should be prescribed with caution in patients with metabolic comorbidities because of an increased risk of adverse events, while others could have a reduced effectiveness. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the challenges that healthcare professionals may face regarding the management of psoriasis in patients with metabolic comorbidities. In the first part of the article, the epidemiological association between psoriasis and metabolic comorbidities and their pathogenetic mechanisms is summarized. The second part describes the efficacy and safety profile of conventional and biologic drugs in patients with selected metabolic comorbidities including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/hepatic steatosis, and diabetes. Finally, the role of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, such as diet, alcohol abstinence, physical activity, and smoking avoidance is discussed. In conclusion, the choice of the best approach to manage patients with psoriasis with metabolic comorbidities should encompass both tailored pharmacological and individualized non-pharmacological interventions.

Barriers and suggestions for improving the implementation of guidelines in the systemic treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: A literature review.

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of a wide range of therapies for the systemic treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis, many psoriasis patients do not receive adequate treatment, suggesting that guidelines may not be correctly applied by physicians. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze data on physicians' implementation of, and reasons for noncompliance with, guidelines for the systemic treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review according to the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies on guideline adherence in the systemic treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. All eligible articles were retrieved in full text and the relevant references of retrieved articles were included. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were selected. Four studies investigated knowledge of the guidelines, six studies examined their application, and five studies focused on the various barriers to implementation. Finally, five studies discussed ways to improve implementation. Several studies on the quality of psoriasis care have revealed discrepancies between the reality and the optimal care described in national and international guidelines. CONCLUSION: Various barriers to implementation of recommendations exist, such as economic barriers, lack of dermatologic orientation towards, lack of knowledge of recommendations by other specialists, lack of applicability, and country- and practice-specific features (e.g., different benefit/risk ratios, different reimbursement rates and conditions). This review can help the everyday practitioner to better understand these barriers, which will have a direct impact on improving the quality of life of psoriasis patients.

Active biointegrated living electronics for managing inflammation.

Seamless interfaces between electronic devices and biological tissues stand to revolutionize disease diagnosis and treatment. However, biological and biomechanical disparities between synthetic materials and living tissues present challenges at bioelectrical signal transduction interfaces. We introduce the active biointegrated living electronics (ABLE) platform, encompassing capabilities across the biogenic, biomechanical, and bioelectrical properties simultaneously. The living biointerface, comprising a bioelectronics layout and a Staphylococcus epidermidis-laden hydrogel composite, enables multimodal signal transduction at the microbial-mammalian nexus. The extracellular components of the living hydrogels, prepared through thermal release of naturally occurring amylose polymer chains, are viscoelastic, capable of sustaining the bacteria with high viability. Through electrophysiological recordings and wireless probing of skin electrical impedance, body temperature, and humidity, ABLE monitors microbial-driven intervention in psoriasis.

Shared decision-making in psoriasis care: Evaluation of how patients' perception of clinicians' delivery of care changes by age and sex.

BACKGROUND: Shared decision-making (SDM) refers to a collaborative process in which clinicians assist patients in making medically informed, evidence-based decisions that align with their values and preferences. There is a paucity of literature on SDM in dermatology. OBJECTIVE: We aim to assess whether male and female psoriasis patients evaluate their clinicians' engagement in SDM differently across different age groups. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from the 2014-2017 and 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS). RESULTS: A weighted total of 7,795,608 psoriasis patients were identified. SDM Scores ranged from 1 to 4, with 4 representing the most favorable patient evaluation of their clinicians' engagement in SDM. We conducted multivariate linear regression to compare mean SDM Scores in male psoriasis patients versus female psoriasis patients across different patient age groups. Female patients ages 60-69 perceived significantly greater clinician engagement in SDM compared to age-matched male patients (female patient perception of SDM 3.65 [95%CI:3.61-3.69] vs. male patient perception of SDM 3.50 [95%CI:3.43-3.58], p<0.005). The same trend of older female patients evaluating their clinicians' engagement in SDM significantly higher than their age-matched male counterparts exists for the age group >70 (p<0.005). No significant differences between male and female patients' evaluations of their clinicians' engagement in SDM were demonstrated in subjects younger than 60. All calculations were adjusted for demographic and clinical factors. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to older male psoriasis patients, older female psoriasis patients evaluated their clinicians to be more engaged in shared decision-making.

[Exploring the treatment strategy of liver-regulating wood-softening acupuncture method for psoriasis vulgaris based on the theory of "liver as the thief of five organs"].

Inspired by the theory of "liver as the thief of five organs", the authors believe that although psoriasis vulgaris manifests externally, its root cause lies internally in liver disharmony. During the active and stable phases, conventional acupuncture combined with liver-regulating wood-softening acupuncture method is used to regulate blood and harmonize the liver, addressing both the symptoms and the root cause. During the remission phase, liver-regulating wood-softening acupuncture method is employed to soothe the liver and restrain the yin, while also regulating and nurturing the emotional state. This study provides a clinical approach to acupuncture treatment for psoriasis vulgaris.

Cardiovascular Considerations and Implications for Treatment in Psoriasis: An Updated Review.

Psoriasis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 2-3% of the global population, has transcended its dermatological confines, revealing a profound association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This comprehensive review explores the intricate interplay between psoriasis and cardiovascular system, delving into genetic links, immune pathways, and adipose tissue dysfunction beyond conventional CVD risk factors. The pathophysiological connections unveil unique signatures, distinct from other inflammatory skin conditions, in particular psoriasis-specific genetic polymorphisms in IL-23 and TNF-α have consistently been linked to CVD. The review navigates the complex landscape of psoriasis treatments, addressing challenges and future directions in particular relevance to CVDs in psoriasis. Therapeutic interventions, including TNF inhibitors (TNFi), present promise in reducing cardiovascular risks, and methotrexate could constitute a favourable choice. Conversely, the relationship between IL-12/23 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk remains uncertain, while recent evidence indicates that Janus kinase inhibitors may not carry CVD risks. Emerging evidence supports the safety and efficacy of IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors in patients with CVDs, hinting at evolving therapeutic paradigms. Lifestyle modifications, statins, and emerging therapies offer preventive strategies. Dedicated screening guidelines for CVD risk assessment in psoriasis are however lacking. Further, the impact of different disease phenotypes and treatment hierarchies in cardiovascular outcomes remains elusive, demanding ongoing research at the intersection of dermatology, rheumatology, and cardiology. In conclusion, unraveling the intricate connections between psoriasis and CVD provides a foundation for a holistic approach to patient care. Collaboration between specialties, advancements in screening methodologies, and a nuanced understanding of treatment impacts are essential for comprehensive cardiovascular risk management in individuals with psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a skin condition that not only affects the skin but is also linked to issues in the body's fat tissue, which can lead to inflammation and heart problems. The fat tissue in people with psoriasis contains various immune cells, contributing to obesity and insulin resistance. Research has found a strong connection between inflammation in fat tissues and cardiovascular problems in people with psoriasis. Specific substances released by fat tissue, like leptin, resistin, and adiponectin, can impact inflammation and cardiovascular health. Psoriasis patients often show increased levels of these substances. Treatment for psoriasis may influence cardiovascular health. Some studies suggest that certain medications, like methotrexate or TNF inhibitors, may lower the risk of heart events. However, there are also concerns about potential adverse effects, and further research is needed to fully understand how psoriasis treatments affect cardiovascular outcomes. To manage the cardiovascular risks associated with psoriasis, regular screening for heart-related issues is recommended. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, stress management, and smoking cessation, are also essential. Additionally, specific medications, like statins and metformin, may be beneficial in controlling cardiovascular risk factors in people with psoriasis. Despite advancements in understanding the relationship between psoriasis and cardiovascular health, there are still challenges. Research is ongoing to develop better screening guidelines and treatment strategies. Collaboration between dermatologists, rheumatologists, and cardiologists is crucial to address the complex nature of this condition and its impact on the heart.

Evolving Landscape of Biologic Therapy for Pediatric Psoriasis.

Pediatric psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition. Current treatment modalities include topical medications, phototherapy, and systemic drugs, including biological agents. In cases of moderate-to-severe psoriasis recalcitrant to other therapies, biological therapies are often an attractive option given their dosing schedules, safety profiles, and need for less frequent laboratory monitoring, when compared with traditional systemic therapies. This article reviews biological treatment options approved for pediatric psoriasis and identifies others actively under investigation.

Phototherapy for Psoriasis in the Age of Biologics.

Phototherapy has utility as a psoriatic therapy, given its relatively high clinical efficacy, low side effect profile, and lower cost compared to newer effective treatments like biologics and small molecules. Phototherapy has shown Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)-75 and PASI-90 rates comparable to those of biologics and small molecules, with similarly rapid onsets of action, rates of remission, and quality of life scores. Certain patients may particularly benefit from phototherapy, such as those with localized disease or contraindications to systemic immunomodulatory medication. Phototherapy can be more cost-effective than biologics and conveniently administered at home, making it a valuable therapeutic option for the right patient.

Psoriasis Comorbidities and Their Treatment Impact.

Psoriasis, a systemic inflammatory disease classically presenting with cutaneous lesions, has significant involvement in other organ systems. This article explores the prevalence, clinical manifestations, screening mechanisms, and laboratory testing by which to evaluate these comorbidities. Treatment approach for these comorbidities must combine patient preference with established treatment algorithms while recognizing innovative therapeutics currently under development.

The Role of Genetics on Psoriasis Susceptibility, Comorbidities, and Treatment Response.

This review highlights advances made in psoriasis genetics, including findings from genome-wide association studies, exome-sequencing studies, and copy number variant studies. The impact of genetic variants on various comorbidities and therapeutic responses is discussed.