RESUMO
Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands (NDDH) is a variant of Sweet syndrome that presents with erythematous bullae, papules/plaques, or pustules on the dorsal hands. It is most commonly associated with hematologic and solid organ malignancies, though cases of NDDH associated with inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatologic disorders, and medication exposure have also been described in the literature. Felty syndrome is a rare complication of long-standing rheumatoid arthritis characterized by neuropathy, splenomegaly, and neutropenia. Granulocyte colony stimulating factors (e.g., filgrastim) can be utilized to rescue the neutropenia observed in Felty syndrome, but this treatment may subsequently cause Sweet syndrome. Herein, we present a 64-year-old man with Felty syndrome and a complex medical history who presented with sudden onset, painful blisters located on the dorsal and palmar aspects of his bilateral hands. Given the patient's past medical history, a broad differential diagnosis, including disseminated fungal and viral infection was initially considered. A punch biopsy of the skin lesion disclosed neutrophilic dermatosis, which together with laboratory data satisfied the von den Driesch criteria for Sweet syndrome. As the lesions were localized exclusively on the patient's hands, the qualification of NDDH was also endorsed.
Assuntos
Dermatite , Síndrome de Felty , Dermatoses da Mão , Neutropenia , Dermatopatias , Síndrome de Sweet , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome de Sweet/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome de Sweet/diagnóstico , Filgrastim/efeitos adversos , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Dermatoses da Mão/patologia , Dermatopatias/complicações , Dermatite/complicações , Vesícula/complicações , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Neutropenia/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Felty syndrome is defined by three conditions: neutropenia, rheumatoid arthritis, and splenomegaly. Neutropenia associated with pancytopenia may further affect the dental condition of a patient. Periodontal treatment and surgery in patients with Felty syndrome necessitates cooperation with a hematologist. Here we present a case of a patient with Felty syndrome who was initially referred to the oral surgery hospital attached to the School of Dentistry for extensive periodontitis. She was effectively treated in collaboration with the hematology department. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old Asian woman visited our department with concerns of worsening tooth mobility, discomfort, and spontaneous gingival bleeding. Initial periodontal examination revealed generalized severe periodontitis (Stage IV Grade C) resulting from leukopenia/neutropenia and poor oral hygiene. A thorough treatment strategy involving comprehensive dental procedures, such as multiple extractions and extensive prosthetic treatment, was implemented. Following the diagnosis of Felty syndrome, the patient was started on treatment with oral prednisolone 40 mg/day, which effectively controlled the disease. Furthermore, there was no recurrence of severe periodontitis after the periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists and physicians should be aware that immunocompromised individuals with pancytopenia and poor oral hygiene are at risk of developing extensive periodontitis. If their susceptibility to infection and pancytopenia-related bleeding can be managed, such patients can still receive comprehensive dental treatment, including teeth extractions and periodontal therapy. Cooperation among the dentist, hematologist, and patient is necessary to improve treatment outcomes and the patient's quality of life.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar , Síndrome de Felty , Neutropenia , Pancitopenia , Periodontite , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Síndrome de Felty/diagnóstico , Qualidade de Vida , Pancitopenia/complicações , Perda do Osso Alveolar/terapia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/complicações , Periodontite/complicações , Periodontite/diagnóstico , Periodontite/terapia , Neutropenia/complicaçõesRESUMO
ABSTRACT: The authors report the case of a 55-year-old patient with a chronic lower-limb wound thought to be secondary to vasculitis. This case illustrates the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for vasculitic ulcers in patients with autoimmune disease. Management considerations in this context are also discussed.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Felty , Vasculite , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vasculite/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Felty syndrome is a rare manifestation of chronic rheumatoid arthritis in which patients develop extraarticular features of hepatosplenomegaly and neutropenia. The typical presentation of Felty syndrome is in Caucasians, females, and patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis of 10 or more years. This case report presents a patient with an early-onset and atypical demographic for Felty syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient is a 28-year-old African American woman with past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed in 2017, asthma, pneumonia, anemia, and mild intellectual disability who was admitted to inpatient care with fever, chills, and right ear pain for 7 days. The patient's mother, also her caregiver, brought the patient to the hospital after symptoms of fever and ear pain failed to improve. Our patient was diagnosed with sepsis secondary to pneumonia and urinary tract infection. She had been admitted twice in the past year, both times with a diagnosis of pneumonia. During this visit in September 2019, it was discovered that the patient had leukopenia and neutropenia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed increased immature mononuclear cells with left shift and rare mature neutrophils. During the hospital course, the patient was provisionally diagnosed with Felty syndrome and treated with adalimumab and hydroxychloroquine for her rheumatoid arthritis. Her sepsis secondary to pneumonia and urinary tract infection was treated with ceftriaxone and doxycycline, which was later switched to cefepime because of positive blood and urine cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. She was discharged with stable vital signs and is continuing to control her rheumatoid arthritis with adalimumab. CONCLUSION: This case report details the clinical course of sepsis secondary to pneumonia and urinary tract infection in the setting of Felty syndrome. Our patient does not fit the conventional profile for presentation given her race, age, and the length of time following diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Síndrome de Felty , Neutropenia , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Síndrome de Felty/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Felty/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Baço , EsplenomegaliaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Rheumatic diseases have many hematological manifestations. Blood dyscrasias and other hematological abnormalities are sometimes the first sign of rheumatic disease. In addition, novel antirheumatic biological agents may cause cytopenias. SUMMARY: The aim of this review was to discuss cytopenias caused by systemic lupus erythematosus and antirheumatic drugs, Felty's syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombosis, and thrombotic microangiopathies related to rheumatological conditions such as catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and scleroderma renal crisis. Key Message: The differential diagnosis of various hematological disorders should include rheumatic autoimmune diseases among other causes of blood cell and hemostasis abnormalities. It is crucial that hematologists be aware of these presentations so that they are diagnosed and treated in a timely manner.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Hematológicas/patologia , Doenças Reumáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia Hemolítica/complicações , Anemia Hemolítica/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia Hemolítica/patologia , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Síndrome de Felty/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Felty/patologia , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Hematológicas/complicações , Doenças Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Leucopenia/complicações , Leucopenia/tratamento farmacológico , Leucopenia/patologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Doenças Reumáticas/complicações , Doenças Reumáticas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGL) is a clonal, lymphoproliferative disorder with an indolent disease course. T-cell LGL (T-LGL) is the most common type of LGL driven from T-cell lineage (85%). The coexistence of T-LGL with several types of autoimmune disorders, mostly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), has been reported. Felty's syndrome (FS) is defined by splenomegaly, low neutrophil count, and destructive arthritis and is usually seen in <1% of patients with RA. About 30% to 40% of patients with FS have been reported to have an expansion of large granulated lymphocytes in the circulation. FS and T-LGL are similar in terms of clinical manifestations, response to immunosuppressive therapy, their smoldering course, and immunogenetic findings, proposing FS and T-LGL with RA might be different aspects of a single disease spectrum. In this article, we present a case with long-standing RA who had never been on DMARD (Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs) treatment found to have constitutional symptoms, neutropenia, and splenomegaly, and the patient was diagnosed with T-LGL.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Leucemia Linfocítica Granular Grande/diagnóstico , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Granular Grande/complicações , Leucemia Linfocítica Granular Grande/imunologia , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutropenia/complicações , Esplenomegalia/complicações , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
Felty's syndrome (FS) is a disorder wherein patients with rheumatoid arthritis develop splenomegaly, neutropenia, and in some cases, portal hypertension without underlying cirrhosis. Esophageal variceal bleeding is a complication of FS in patients with portal hypertension. In contrast to splenectomy, few reports exist on the management of variceal bleeding with endoscopic therapy. Moreover, the long-term outcome has not been reported. We present a patient with esophageal variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension secondary to Felty's syndrome. The patient was followed up for two years postendoscopy intervention. Literature review was performed and the histological features of portal hypertension in FS are discussed. The patient presented with a typical triad of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), splenomegaly, and neutropenia and was diagnosed as Felty's syndrome in 2012. She was admitted to our hospital in September 2017 for esophageal variceal bleeding. At the time of admission, her liver function test was normal. Abdominal CT showed no signs of cirrhosis and portal vein obstruction. Liver biopsy further excluded diagnosis of cirrhosis and supported the diagnosis of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD), which was previously named as noncirrhotic idiopathic portal hypertension (NCIPH). An upper abdominal endoscopy revealed gastric and esophageal varices. A series of endoscopies was performed to ligate the esophageal varices. The patient was followed up for two years and did not show rebleeding. In conclusion, comorbid PSVD might be a cause of portal hypertension in FS patients. The present case had excellent outcome in two years, which supported the use of endoscopic therapy for the management of variceal bleeding in FS patients. Further large prospective study is needed to confirm the findings.
Assuntos
Capilares/patologia , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Hipertensão Portal/etiologia , Doenças Vasculares/complicações , Biópsia , Capilares/diagnóstico por imagem , Endoscopia , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/sangue , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/complicações , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Felty/sangue , Síndrome de Felty/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal/sangue , Hipertensão Portal/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Testes de Função Hepática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator Reumatoide/sangue , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Doenças Vasculares/sangue , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Systemic inflammatory disorders frequently involve the skin, and when cutaneous disease develops, such dermatologic manifestations may represent the initial sign of disease and may also provide valuable prognostic information about the underlying disorder. Familiarity with the various skin manifestations of systemic disease is therefore paramount and increases the likelihood of accurate diagnosis, which may facilitate the implementation of an appropriate treatment strategy. An improvement in quality of life and a reduction in the degree of morbidity may also be a realized benefit of accurate recognition of these skin signs. With this context in mind, this review highlights the salient clinical features and unique dermatologic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, adult-onset Still's disease, and the crystal arthropathy, gout.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Artropatias por Cristais/complicações , Gota/complicações , Vasculite Reumatoide/etiologia , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Dermatopatias/terapia , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite/etiologia , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Granuloma/etiologia , Humanos , Úlcera da Perna/etiologia , Paniculite/etiologia , Pioderma Gangrenoso/diagnóstico , Pioderma Gangrenoso/tratamento farmacológico , Pioderma Gangrenoso/etiologia , Vasculite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/complicações , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/diagnóstico , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Síndrome de Felty , Infecções , Rituximab , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Antirreumáticos/administração & dosagem , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Síndrome de Felty/sangue , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Síndrome de Felty/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Felty/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções/diagnóstico , Infecções/etiologia , Infecções/fisiopatologia , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Rituximab/administração & dosagem , Rituximab/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Primary cardiac B cell lymphoma is rare. To date, fewer than 90 cases have been described in the literature. We report a 67-year-old woman with a 30-year history of rheumatoid arthritis, who had received treatment with leflunomide for 10 years and infliximab for 2 years. Secondary Felty's syndrome appeared. She was admitted to the hospital for abdominal pain. Investigations disclosed a 5cm cardiac mass in the right atrium. Histopathologic examination of tissue specimens obtained at surgical myocardial biopsy demonstrated primary cardiac B cell lymphoma. The other iatrogenic lymphoproliferative disorders are reviewed. This lesion might be a manifestation of long term TNFα antagonists treatment.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Neoplasias Cardíacas/etiologia , Infliximab/efeitos adversos , Linfoma de Células B/etiologia , Idoso , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Felty/patologia , Feminino , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patologia , Humanos , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Isoxazóis/efeitos adversos , Isoxazóis/uso terapêutico , Leflunomida , Linfoma de Células B/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidoresAssuntos
Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Úlcera da Perna/complicações , Linfoma Extranodal de Células T-NK/complicações , Síndrome de Felty/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Úlcera da Perna/patologia , Linfoma Extranodal de Células T-NK/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome de Sjogren/complicaçõesRESUMO
We describe the case of a 51-year-old woman with a seropositive, erosive, and non-nodular rheumatoid arthritis of 15 year of evolution. The patient had poor compliance with medical visits and treatment. She came to the clinic with persistent pancytopenia and spleen and liver enlargement. Liver and bone marrow biopsies were carried out and amyloidosis, neoplasias and infections were ruled out. We discuss the differential diagnosis of pancytopenia and spleen and liver enlargement in a long-standing rheumatoid arthritis patient.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Felty/diagnóstico , Hepatomegalia/etiologia , Pancitopenia/etiologia , Esplenomegalia/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Feminino , Hepatomegalia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancitopenia/diagnóstico , Esplenomegalia/diagnósticoAssuntos
Artrite Psoriásica/etiologia , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Espondilite Anquilosante/etiologia , Adalimumab , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Artrite Psoriásica/diagnóstico , Artrite Psoriásica/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Síndrome de Felty/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Felty/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Espondilite Anquilosante/diagnóstico , Espondilite Anquilosante/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Síndrome de Felty/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera da Perna/tratamento farmacológico , Metilprednisolona/administração & dosagem , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Idoso , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Síndrome de Felty/diagnóstico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Úlcera da Perna/complicações , Úlcera da Perna/diagnóstico , Pulsoterapia , Rituximab , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Cicatrização/fisiologiaAssuntos
Síndrome de Felty/complicações , Doença de Graves/complicações , Adulto , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Antitireóideos/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Felty/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Felty/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Felty/imunologia , Feminino , Doença de Graves/diagnóstico , Doença de Graves/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Graves/imunologia , Humanos , Escabiose/complicações , Escabiose/diagnóstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Familial neglect was suspected when an older deceased female was found to have large decubitus ulcers and weight loss. Postmortem examinations including histopathology and bacterial culture revealed systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection as the cause of death. The victim might have exhibited Felty syndrome, which is characterized by complications of splenomegaly and neutropenia in the underlying rheumatoid arthritis. As a result of neutropenia, the affected individual was susceptible to skin ulcer formation and sepsis. The manifestation of pressure ulcers as abuse biomarkers should also be explored from interaction with intrinsic disease factors.