Wireless Mouth Motion Recognition System Based on EEG-EMG Sensors for Severe Speech Impairments.

This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using a new wireless electroencephalography (EEG)-electromyography (EMG) wearable approach to generate characteristic EEG-EMG mixed patterns with mouth movements in order to detect distinct movement patterns for severe speech impairments. This paper describes a method for detecting mouth movement based on a new signal processing technology suitable for sensor integration and machine learning applications. This paper examines the relationship between the mouth motion and the brainwave in an effort to develop nonverbal interfacing for people who have lost the ability to communicate, such as people with paralysis. A set of experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of the proposed method for feature selection. It was determined that the classification of mouth movements was meaningful. EEG-EMG signals were also collected during silent mouthing of phonemes. A few-shot neural network was trained to classify the phonemes from the EEG-EMG signals, yielding classification accuracy of 95%. This technique in data collection and processing bioelectrical signals for phoneme recognition proves a promising avenue for future communication aids.

Wireless Powered Microwave-Light Conversion Platform with Dual-Stimulus Nanoresponder Coating for Deep-Seated Photodynamic Therapy.

Traditional external field-assisted therapies, e.g., microwave (MW) therapy and phototherapy, cannot effectively and minimally damage eliminate deep-seated infection, owing to the poor penetrability of light and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation capability of MW. Herein, an implantable and wireless-powered therapeutic platform (CNT-FeTHQ-TS), in which external MW can be converted into internal light via MW wireless-powered light-emitting chips, is designed to eradicate deep-seated tissue infections by MW-induced deep-seated photodynamic therapy. In application, CNT-FeTHQ-TS is implanted at internal lesions, and the chip emits light under external MW irradiation. Subsequently, CNT-FeTHQ coating in the platform can respond to both MW and light simultaneously to generate ROS and MW-hyperthermia for rapid and precise sterilization at focus. Importantly, MW also improves the photodynamic performance of CNT-FeTHQ by introducing vacancies in FeTHQ to facilitate the photoexcitation process and changing the spin state of electrons to inhibit the complexation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which were confirmed by simulation calculations and in situ MW-irradiated photoluminescence experiments. In vivo, CNT-FeTHQ-TS can effectively cure mice with Staphylococcus aureus infection in dorsal subcutaneous tissue. This work overcomes the key clinical limitations of safe energy transmission and conversion for treating deep-seated infections.

Application of artificial bee colony algorithm based on homogenization mapping and collaborative acquisition control in network communication security.

In order to optimize the spectrum allocation strategy of existing wireless communication networks and improve information transmission efficiency and data transmission security, this study uses the independent correlation characteristics of chaotic time series to simulate the collection and control strategy of bees, and proposes an artificial bee colony algorithm based on uniform mapping and collaborative collection control. Furthermore, it proposes an artificial bee colony algorithm based on uniform mapping and collaborative collection and control. The method begins by establishing a composite system of uniformly distributed Chebyshev maps. In the neighborhood intervals where the nectar sources are firmly connected and relatively independent, the algorithm then conducts a chaotic traversal search. The research results demonstrated the great performance of the suggested algorithm in each test function as well as the positive effects of the optimization search. The network throughput rate was over 300 kbps, the quantity of security service eavesdropping was below 0.1, and the spectrum utilization rate of the algorithm-based allocation method could be enhanced to 0.8 at the most. Overall, the performance of the proposed algorithm outperformed the comparison algorithm, with high optimization accuracy and a significant amount of optimization. This is favorable for the efficient use of spectrum resources and the secure transmission of communication data, and it encourages the development of spectrum allocation technology in wireless communication networks.

Functional nanotransducer-mediated wireless neural modulation techniques.

Functional nanomaterials have emerged as versatile nanotransducers for wireless neural modulation because of their minimal invasion and high spatiotemporal resolution. The nanotransducers can convert external excitation sources (e.g. NIR light, x-rays, and magnetic fields) to visible light (or local heat) to activate optogenetic opsins and thermosensitive ion channels for neuromodulation. The present review provides insights into the fundamentals of the mostly used functional nanomaterials in wireless neuromodulation including upconversion nanoparticles, nanoscintillators, and magnetic nanoparticles. We further discussed the recent developments in design strategies of functional nanomaterials with enhanced energy conversion performance that have greatly expanded the field of neuromodulation. We summarized the applications of functional nanomaterials-mediated wireless neuromodulation techniques, including exciting/silencing neurons, modulating brain activity, controlling motor behaviors, and regulating peripheral organ function in mice. Finally, we discussed some key considerations in functional nanotransducer-mediated wireless neuromodulation along with the current challenges and future directions.

A compact co-aperture dual-sense circularly polarized antenna for simultaneous transmit and receive systems.

This paper proposes a compact design of dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) antenna for simultaneous transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) communication systems. The primary radiating aperture of the proposed antenna is a 2 × 2 unit-cell metasurface (MS). The MS is excited by the asymmetric patch in the center, which acts as the CP source of the whole antenna structure. By properly tuning the feeding positions, dual-sense CP with high isolation can be achieved. For verification, an antenna prototype with compact dimensions of 0.36λ × 0.36λ × 0.02λ (λ is the free-space wavelength at the center operating frequency) is fabricated and measured. The measured operating bandwidth is 1.6% (2.45-2.49 GHz), in which the reflection and transmission coefficients are less than-10 dB and the axial ratio is lower than 3 dB. Within this band, the maximum isolation value is 39 dB, and the peak gain is 5.7 dBi.

Advanced Line-of-Sight (LOS) model for communicating devices in modern indoor environment.

The provision of Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) service in an indoor environment is a crucial task and the decay in signal strength issues arises especially in indoor environments. The Line-of-Sight (LOS) is a path for signal propagation that commonly impedes innumerable indoor objects damage signals and also causes signal fading. In addition, the Signal decay (signal penetration), signal reflection, and long transmission distance between transceivers are the key concerns. The signals lose their power due to the existence of obstacles (path of signals) and hence destroy received signal strength (RSS) between different communicating nodes and ultimately cause loss of the packet. Thus, to solve this issue, herein we propose an advanced model to maximize the LOS in communicating nodes using a modern indoor environment. Our proposal comprised various components for instance signal enhancers, repeaters, reflectors,. these components are connected. The signal attenuation and calculation model comprises of power algorithm and hence it can quickly and efficiently find the walls and corridors as obstacles in an indoor environment. We compared our proposed model with state of the art model using Received Signal Strength (RSS) and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) (different scenario) and found that our proposed model is efficient. Our proposed model achieved high network throughput as compared to the state-of-the-art models.

Eco-Friendly Textile-Based Wearable Humidity Sensor with Multinode Wireless Connectivity for Healthcare Applications.

Textile-based wearable humidity sensors are of great interest for human healthcare monitoring as they can provide critical human-physiology information. The demand for wearable and sustainable sensing technology has significantly promoted the development of eco-friendly sensing solutions for potential real-world applications. Herein, a biodegradable cotton (textile)-based wearable humidity sensor has been developed using fabsil-treated cotton fabric coated with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) sensing layer. The structural, chemical composition, hygroscopicity, and morphological properties are examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The developed sensor exhibited a nearly linear response (Adj. R-square value observed as 0.95035) over a broad relative humidity (RH) range from 25 to 91.5%RH displaying high sensitivity (26.1%/%RH). The sensor shows excellent reproducibility (on replica sensors with a margin of error ±1.98%) and appreciable stability/aging with time (>4.5 months), high flexibility (studied at bending angles 30°, 70°, 120°, and 150°), substantial response/recovery durations (suitable for multiple applications), and highly repeatable (multicyclic analysis) sensing performance. The prospective relevance of the developed humidity sensor toward healthcare applications is demonstrated via breathing rate monitoring (via a sensor attached to a face mask), distinguishing different breathing patterns (normal, deep, and fast), skin moisture monitoring, and neonatal care (diaper wetting). The multinode wireless connectivity is demonstrated using a Raspberry Pi Pico-based system for demonstrating the potential applicability of the developed sensor as a real-time humidity monitoring system for the healthcare sector. Further, the biodegradability analysis of the used textile is evaluated using the soil burial degradation test. The work suggests the potential applicability of the developed flexible and eco-friendly humidity sensor in wearable healthcare devices and other humidity sensing applications.

Flexible Thermoelectric Wearable Architecture for Wireless Continuous Physiological Monitoring.

Continuous monitoring of physiological signals from the human body is critical in health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and therapeutics. Despite the needs, the existing wearable medical devices rely on either bulky wired systems or battery-powered devices needing frequent recharging. Here, we introduce a wearable, self-powered, thermoelectric flexible system architecture for wireless portable monitoring of physiological signals without recharging batteries. This system harvests an exceptionally high open circuit voltage of 175-180 mV from the human body, powering the wireless wearable bioelectronics to detect electrophysiological signals on the skin continuously. The thermoelectric system shows long-term stability in performance for 7 days with stable power management. Integrating screen printing, laser micromachining, and soft packaging technologies enables a multilayered, soft, wearable device to be mounted on any body part. The demonstration of the self-sustainable wearable system for detecting electromyograms and electrocardiograms captures the potential of the platform technology to offer various opportunities for continuous monitoring of biosignals, remote health monitoring, and automated disease diagnosis.

Compact In Situ Electrochemical NMR with Wireless and Anti-interference Strategy in Multiscenario Applications.

The integration of electrochemistry with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy recently offers a powerful approach to understanding oxidative metabolism, detecting reactive intermediates, and predicting biological activities. This combination is particularly effective as electrochemical methods provide excellent mimics of metabolic processes, while NMR spectroscopy offers precise chemical analysis. NMR is already widely utilized in the quality control of pharmaceuticals, foods, and additives and in metabolomic studies. However, the introduction of additional and external connections into the magnet has posed challenges, leading to signal deterioration and limitations in routine measurements. Herein, we report an anti-interference compact in situ electrochemical NMR system (AICISENS). Through a wireless strategy, the compact design allows for the independent and stable operation of electrochemical NMR components with effective interference isolation. Thus, it opens an avenue toward easy integration into in situ platforms, applicable not only to laboratory settings but also to fieldwork. The operability, reliability, and versatility were validated with a series of biomimetic assessments, including measurements of microbial electrochemical systems, functional foods, and simulated drug metabolisms. The robust performance of AICISENS demonstrates its high potential as a powerful analytical tool across diverse applications.

Biocompatible Electrical and Optical Interfaces for Implantable Sensors and Devices.

Implantable bioelectronics hold tremendous potential in the field of healthcare, yet the performance of these systems heavily relies on the interfaces between artificial machines and living tissues. In this paper, we discuss the recent developments of tethered interfaces, as well as those of non-tethered interfaces. Among them, systems that study neural activity receive significant attention due to their innovative developments and high relevance in contemporary research, but other functional types of interface systems are also explored to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. We also analyze the key considerations, including perforation site selection, fixing strategies, long-term retention, and wireless communication, highlighting the challenges and opportunities with stable, effective, and biocompatible interfaces. Furthermore, we propose a primitive model of biocompatible electrical and optical interfaces for implantable systems, which simultaneously possesses biocompatibility, stability, and convenience. Finally, we point out the future directions of interfacing strategies.

A Surface Electromyography (sEMG) System Applied for Grip Force Monitoring.

Muscles play an indispensable role in human life. Surface electromyography (sEMG), as a non-invasive method, is crucial for monitoring muscle status. It is characterized by its real-time, portable nature and is extensively utilized in sports and rehabilitation sciences. This study proposed a wireless acquisition system based on multi-channel sEMG for objective monitoring of grip force. The system consists of an sEMG acquisition module containing four-channel discrete terminals and a host computer receiver module, using Bluetooth wireless transmission. The system is portable, wearable, low-cost, and easy to operate. Leveraging the system, an experiment for grip force prediction was designed, employing the bald eagle search (BES) algorithm to enhance the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. This approach established a grip force prediction model based on dual-channel sEMG signals. As tested, the performance of acquisition terminal proceeded as follows: the gain was up to 1125 times, and the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) remained high in the sEMG signal band range (96.94 dB (100 Hz), 84.12 dB (500 Hz)), while the performance of the grip force prediction algorithm had an R2 of 0.9215, an MAE of 1.0637, and an MSE of 1.7479. The proposed system demonstrates excellent performance in real-time signal acquisition and grip force prediction, proving to be an effective muscle status monitoring tool for rehabilitation, training, disease condition surveillance and scientific fitness applications.

Design of a Compact Circularly Polarized Implantable Antenna for Capsule Endoscopy Systems.

This research proposes a miniature circular polarization antenna used in a wireless capsule endoscopy system at 2.45 GHz for industrial, scientific, and medical bands. We propose a method of cutting a chamfer rectangular slot on a circular radiation patch and introducing a curved radiation structure into the centerline position of the chamfer rectangular slot, while a short-circuit probe is added to achieve miniaturization. Therefore, we significantly reduced the size of the antenna and made it exhibit circularly polarized radiation characteristics. A cross-slot is cut in the GND to enable the antenna to better cover the operating band while being able to meet the complex human environment. The effective axis ratio bandwidth is 120 MHz (2.38-2.50 GHz). Its size is π × 0.032λ02 × 0.007λ0 (where λ0 is the free-space wavelength of at 2.4 GHz). In addition, the effect of different organs such as muscle, stomach, small intestine, and big intestine on the antenna when it was embedded into the wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) system was further discussed, and the results proved that the WCE system has better robustness in different organs. The antenna's specific absorption rate can follow the IEEE Standard Safety Guidelines (IEEE C95.1-1999). A prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.

Biosymbiotic haptic feedback - Sustained long term human machine interfaces.

Haptic technology permeates diverse fields and is receiving renewed attention for VR and AR applications. Advances in flexible electronics, facilitate the integration of haptic technologies into soft wearable systems, however, because of small footprint requirements face challenges of operational time requiring either large batteries, wired connections or frequent recharge, restricting the utility of haptic devices to short-duration tasks or low duty cycles, prohibiting continuously assisting applications. Currently many chronic applications are not investigated because of this technological gap. Here, we address wireless power and operation challenges with a biosymbiotic approach enabling continuous operation without user intervention, facilitated by wireless power transfer, eliminating the need for large batteries, and offering long-term haptic feedback without adhesive attachment to the body. These capabilities enable haptic feedback for robotic surgery training and posture correction over weeks of use with neural net computation. The demonstrations showcase that this device class expands use beyond conventional brick and strap or epidermally attached devices enabling new fields of use for imperceptible therapeutic and assistive haptic technologies supporting care and disease management.

A distributed, high-channel-count, implanted bidirectional system for restoration of somatosensation and myoelectric control.

Objective. We intend to chronically restore somatosensation and provide high-fidelity myoelectric control for those with limb loss via a novel, distributed, high-channel-count, implanted system.Approach.We have developed the implanted Somatosensory Electrical Neurostimulation and Sensing (iSens®) system to support peripheral nerve stimulation through up to 64, 96, or 128 electrode contacts with myoelectric recording from 16, 8, or 0 bipolar sites, respectively. The rechargeable central device has Bluetooth® wireless telemetry to communicate to external devices and wired connections for up to four implanted satellite stimulation or recording devices. We characterized the stimulation, recording, battery runtime, and wireless performance and completed safety testing to support its use in human trials.Results.The stimulator operates as expected across a range of parameters and can schedule multiple asynchronous, interleaved pulse trains subject to total charge delivery limits. Recorded signals in saline show negligible stimulus artifact when 10 cm from a 1 mA stimulating source. The wireless telemetry range exceeds 1 m (direction and orientation dependent) in a saline torso phantom. The bandwidth supports 100 Hz bidirectional update rates of stimulation commands and data features or streaming select full bandwidth myoelectric signals. Preliminary first-in-human data validates the bench testing result.Significance.We developed, tested, and clinically implemented an advanced, modular, fully implanted peripheral stimulation and sensing system for somatosensory restoration and myoelectric control. The modularity in electrode type and number, including distributed sensing and stimulation, supports a wide variety of applications; iSens® is a flexible platform to bring peripheral neuromodulation applications to clinical reality. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04430218.

Error mitigation in LPWAN systems: A study on the efficacy of Hamming-coded RPW.

Rotating Polarization Wave (RPW) is a novel Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) technology for robust connectivity and extended coverage area as compared to other LPWAN technologies such as LoRa and Sigfox when no error detection and correction is employed. Since, IoT and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication demand high reliability, RPW with error correction can significantly enhance the communication reliability for critical IoT and M2M applications. Therefore, this study investigates the performance of RPW with single bit error detection and correction using Hamming codes to avoid substantial overhead. Hamming (7,4) coded RPW shows a remarkable improvement of more than 40% in error performance compared to uncoded RPW thereby making it a suitable candidate for IoT and M2M applications. Error performance of coded RPW outperforms coded Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation used in LoRa under multipath conditions by 51%, demonstrating superior adaptability and robustness under dynamic channel conditions. These findings provide valuable insights into the ongoing developments in wireless communication systems whilst reporting Q-RPW model as a new and effective method to address the needs of developing LPWAN and IoT ecosystems.

Wireless, customizable coaxially shielded coils for magnetic resonance imaging.

Anatomy-specific radio frequency receive coil arrays routinely adopted in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for signal acquisition are commonly burdened by their bulky, fixed, and rigid configurations, which may impose patient discomfort, bothersome positioning, and suboptimal sensitivity in certain situations. Herein, leveraging coaxial cables' inherent flexibility and electric field confining property, we present wireless, ultralightweight, coaxially shielded, passive detuning MRI coils achieving a signal-to-noise ratio comparable to or surpassing that of commercially available cutting-edge receive coil arrays with the potential for improved patient comfort, ease of implementation, and substantially reduced costs. The proposed coils demonstrate versatility by functioning both independently in form-fitting configurations, closely adapting to relatively small anatomical sites, and collectively by inductively coupling together as metamaterials, allowing for extension of the field of view of their coverage to encompass larger anatomical regions without compromising coil sensitivity. The wireless, coaxially shielded MRI coils reported herein pave the way toward next-generation MRI coils.

Social neuroscience: Primate research goes wireless.

A new study leads the way to a more ethical and ethologically meaningful way of investigating brain functions of complex behaviors in social animals.

Metasurface-based dual-sense circularly polarized antenna for MIMO/full-duplex applications.

This paper introduces a two-element antenna array with dual-sense circular polarization, wideband operation, and high isolation characteristics. The antenna consists of two conventional truncated corner patches and an extra layer of metasurface (MS) located above the radiating patches. The overall dimensions of the proposed antenna are 0.92 λ0 × 0.73 λ0 × 0.05 λ0 and the element spacings are 0.02 λ0 and 0.39 λ0 with respect to edge-to-edge and center-to-center spacings. For validation, measurements on a fabricated antenna prototype are carried out. The measured data demonstrate that the presented MS-based antenna has a wide operating bandwidth of 14.5% with high isolation of better than 26 dB. The excellent performance could be concluded from the results of the investigation, which indicates that the proposed MS-based antenna could be a good candidate for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and full-duplex applications.

[Wireless Pulse Wave Monitoring System Based on Reflective Flexible Probe and AFE4490].

Pulse rate and blood oxygen levels are crucial physiological parameters that reflect physiological and pathological information within the human body. The system designs a wireless pulse wave monitoring system utilizing a flexible reflective probe and the AFE4490, which is capable of monitoring pulse wave and blood oxygen levels on the human forehead. The system is predominantly based on a reflective flexible probe, the AFE4490, a power supply module, a control microcontroller unit (MCU), and a Wi-Fi module. Post-processing by a slave computer, the collected pulse wave data is wirelessly transmitted to a smartphone. The real-time pulse waveform, pulse rate, and blood oxygen levels are displayed on an application. Following relevant tests and verifications, the system can accurately detect pulse wave signals, meet the requirements for wearable technology, and possesses significant market application potential.