Primary ovarian leiomyoma with calcification: A case report.

RATIONALE: Primary ovarian leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor. The exact histological origin and pathogenesis of primary ovarian leiomyoma are still unclear, while its preoperative imaging diagnosis is often challenging and prone to misdiagnosis. The study aims to elucidate the diagnosis of primary ovarian leiomyoma and to distinguish it from fibroma. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 34-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pelvic mass found for one year. One years ago, the patient went to a local hospital for examination due to irregular menstruation. DIAGNOSES: The ultrasound report of the patient showed ovarian teratoma. The postoperative pathological results showed ovarian leiomyoma and calcification. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent laparoscopic right ovarian leiomyoma resection. OUTCOMES: The patient was discharged home three days after surgery. At the most recent follow-up (five months after operation) of the patients, ultrasound was performed and no abnormal echoes were suggested in the adnexal region. LESSONS: In the diagnosis of primary ovarian leiomyoma, our case emphasizes the importance of microscopic features as an effective approach to distinguish it from ovarian fibroma, leiomyosarcoma, and stromal tumors. Additionally, personalized treatment should be considered based on the patient age and fertility needs.

Spinal Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor in a 14-Year-old Child With Down Syndrome: A Case Report.

Individuals with 21 trisomy or Down syndrome (DS) are known to have an increased risk of acute leukemia, while they rarely develop solid or central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a highly aggressive CNS-WHO grade 4 neoplasm, which has never been reported in association with Down syndrome. We present a case study of a 14-year-old female with Down syndrome, diagnosed with intradural-extramedullary spinal ATRT. The chief complaints included bilateral lower limb weakness, constipation, and urinary incontinence for 2 weeks. Surgery was scheduled, and a biopsy was taken. The histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of the ATRT-MYC/group 2B subgroup. This report highlights the challenges of managing a patient with complex medical conditions. Moreover, it adds to the existing literature on CNS tumors in patients with Down syndrome.

Primary lung chordoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Chordoma, a rare malignant tumor arising from notochordal tissue, usually occurs along the spinal axis. Only a few published reports of primary lung chordomas exist. Herein, we present a case of primary lung chordoma and discuss important considerations for diagnosing rare chordomas. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of primary lung chordoma in a 39-year-old male with a history of testicular mixed germ-cell tumor of yolk sac and teratoma. Computed tomography revealed slow-growing solid lesions in the left lower lobe. We performed wedge resection for suspected germ-cell tumor lung metastasis. Histologically, large round or oval cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm were surrounded by large cells with granular, lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. Tumor cells were physaliphorous. Immunohistochemistry was positive for brachyury, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, and cytokeratin AE1/AE3, suggesting pulmonary chordoma. Re-examination of the testicular mixed germ-cell tumor revealed no notochordal elements. Although some areas were positive for brachyury staining, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining did not show morphological features typical of chordoma. Complementary fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the lung tumor confirmed the absence of isochromosome 12p and 12p amplification. Thus, a final diagnosis of primary lung chordoma was established. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a history of testicular mixed germ cell tumors, comparison of histomorphology using HE and Brachyury staining of lung and testicular tumors, and analyzing isochromosome 12p and 12p amplification in lung tumors using FISH is pivotal for the diagnosis of rare lung chordomas.

Prenatal diagnosis in estimating the prognosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma.

: Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a rare congenital malformation, the prognosis depends on factors affecting foetal development. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination, especially the evaluation of the detailed morphology of the foetus in the 20th week of pregnancy. Therefore, it is crucial to keep looking for ultrasound markers that would prenatally determine the most accurate prognosis for the foetus. Now, we rely on a small number of studies with a predominance of case reports. We offer a literature review of the essential information concerning sacrococcygeal teratoma diagnostics, therapy, and complications of sacrococcygeal teratomas in connection with prenatal diagnosis. It turns out that in cases with a favourable prognosis according to prenatal ultrasound examination and adequate surgical treatment after childbirth, the prognosis of this congenital malformation is excellent.

Clinical analysis of 23 cases of epidermoid cyst of testis in children.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the clinical characteristics and surgical management of pediatric testicular epidermoid cysts, thereby contributing to the existing body of knowledge pertinent to the diagnosis and therapeutic intervention s for this condition. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical records of 23 pediatric patients diagnosed with testicular epidermoid cysts, who were admitted to our institution between April 2013 and February 2024. Concurrently, a comprehensive review and analysis of pertinent literature were undertaken to augment the findings. RESULTS: The mean age at which the onset of epidermoid cysts was observed was 6.0 years. All cases were singular and unilateral. B-ultrasound diagnosis categorized 6 cases as epidermoid cysts, 11 as teratomas, and 6 as indeterminate, yielding a diagnostic sensitivity of 26.1%. All patients underwent testicle-sparing mass resection, and nine patients underwent rapid intraoperative frozen section analysis, revealing eight cases of testicular epidermoid cysts and one teratoma, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.89%. Postoperative histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of testicular epidermoid cyst. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric testicular epidermoid cysts are an uncommon occurrence, primarily presenting as a painless scrotal mass, which can mimic the clinical features of malignant testicular tumors. Imaging modalities and histopathological assessment are pivotal in the diagnostic process for pediatric testicular epidermoid cysts. For cases where B-ultrasound is inconclusive, rapid intraoperative pathological examination should be considered.

Currarino syndrome with immature teratoma: A case report with review of literature.

ABSTRACT: Currarino syndrome (CS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by a triad of anorectal malformation, sacral deformity, and presacral mass. In about 50% of cases, it is caused by HLXB9 gene mutation in chromosome 7q36. A 13-month-male child presented with presacral discharging sinus with a history of surgery for anorectal malformation and perineal fistula at the time of birth. On detailed investigation, the child revealed to have anal atresia, hemisacrum, and presacral mass. Histopathology of presacral mass showed features of immature teratoma. The presacral mass in CS is mostly an anterior myelomeningocele or presacral teratoma. The development of immature teratoma in presacral mass is very rare. The histopathological identification of immature component of teratoma in the presacral mass of CS is important for risk stratification and further management. Suspicion of CS should be raised in any child presenting with partial phenotype of the triad.

Intracranial Parasitic Fetus in a Living Infant: A Case Study with Surgical Intervention and Prognosis Analysis.

BACKGROUND Fetus in fetu (FIF), or parasitic fetus, is a rare malformation that typically occurs in the retroperitoneum, but can be found in other unusual locations, such as the skull, sacrum, and mouth. The presence of a spine is necessary for diagnosis. CASE REPORT Intracranial FIFs were retrospectively studied. Abnormalities were detected in the fetal head during a 33-week prenatal examination; however, MRI could not provide more information, due to space occupation. A baby girl was born via cesarean delivery at 37 weeks, with a large head circumference. She had delays in motor skills and speech development, only able to say "mom". There was a large mass in the cerebral hemisphere, with a 13-cm maximum diameter, smooth boundary, and internal bone structure visible on head CT scan. Both ventricles and third ventricle had hydrops, with a fetal shape at a continuous level, along with apparent compression near the cerebral parenchyma. After performing preoperative examinations, laboratory tests, and surgical planning, craniotomy was performed on the FIF, under general anesthesia. Following complete mass resection, mouth, eye, arm, and hand shapes could be observed. The patient was unconscious after surgery and had seizures that were difficult to control. She died 12 days after surgery. Teratomas can be distinguished based on anatomy and imaging. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment and its prognosis is poor. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial FIF cases are rare and require early diagnosis and surgical treatment. Differentiating between FIF and teratoma is crucial, and monitoring alpha-fetoprotein levels after surgery can help detect recurrence.

Ovarian teratoma in a Swiss mountain dog.

A Swiss mountain dog, ~3 y old, was brought to a veterinary clinic because of a progressive enlargement of the abdomen. Upon clinical examination, a large mass was detected. After surgical extraction, the mass was confirmed to be a large ovarian teratoma. The weight of the tumor was > 16% of the dog's overall body weight. The dog recovered fully after surgery. The observations from this case suggest that, although teratomas are rare, prompt and accurate diagnosis is necessary to prevent further growth of these masses and to ensure positive outcomes.

Tératome ovarien chez un chien de montage suisse. Un chien de montagne suisse âgé d'environ 3 ans a été présenté dans une clinique vétérinaire en raison d'une augmentation de volume progressive de l'abdomen. Lors de l'examen clinique, une grosse masse a été détectée. À la suite du retrait chirurgical, la masse a été confirmée comme étant un large tératome ovarien. Le poids de la masse tumorale était > 16 % du poids total du chien. Le chien a récupéré complètement après la chirurgie. Les observations à partir de ce cas suggèrent, bien que les tératomes soient rares, un diagnostic rapide et exact est nécessaire pour prévenir une croissance ultérieure de ces masses et assurer une issue positive.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Mucinous cystadenoma and carcinoid tumor arising from an ovarian mature cystic teratoma in a 60 year-old patient: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Mature cystic teratomas (MCT) of the ovary are benign ovarian germ cell neoplasms. Malignant transformation is possible but rare and ovarian carcinoid tumors in MCT are among the most extremely rare subtypes. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 60-year-old Iranian woman suffering from postmenopausal bleeding and hypogastric pain for the last 40 days. An adnexal mass was detected during the physical examination. Ultrasound imaging showed a (55 × 58) mm mass in the left ovary. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingooophorectomy and comprehensive staging surgery were performed for the patient. Intraoperative frozen section of the left ovarian mass was indicative of a malignant tumor. She was diagnosed with a carcinoid tumor with benign mucinous cystadenoma arising on MCT of the ovary, confirmed in the histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination. The tumor was classified as low grade and no chemotherapy cycles were considered. The patient was followed up long-term and no recurrence was observed during 14 months of examinations. CONCLUSION: Ovarian carcinoids arising from MCT are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms, and proper diagnosis of these tumors requires careful histopathology evaluation and appropriate examination. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these tumors as a possible differential diagnosis and evaluate them in individuals (especially postmenopausal women) who have abdominal pain or abnormal bleeding and a palpable mass.

Assessment of Molecular Markers in Pediatric Ovarian Tumors: Romanian Single-Center Experience.

Pediatric ovarian tumors exhibit unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study evaluates the expression of SALL4 and OCT3/4 biomarkers in pediatric ovarian tumors and their associations with tumor subtype, stage, and clinical outcome. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 64 patients under 18 years old, examining demographic data, tumor characteristics, immunohistochemical staining, and clinical outcomes. Our results show that SALL4 was significantly expressed in adenocarcinoma, dysgerminoma (DSG), mixed germ cell tumors (GCTs), and immature teratoma, while OCT3/4 was highly expressed in DSG and mixed GCTs. Both markers are associated with a higher tumor grade and stage, indicating a more aggressive disease. The SALL4 positivity expression was correlated with high alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, while OCT3/4 positivity significantly predicted the risk of subsequent metastasis. The mean progression-free survival (PFS) was notably shorter in patients with positive markers. These findings underscore the diagnostic and prognostic value of SALL4 and OCT3/4 in pediatric ovarian tumors, aligning with previous research and supporting their use in clinical practice for better disease management and patient outcomes.

Fetal cardiac teratoma and pericardiocentesis: A case report.

Fetal pericardial teratomas are rare. They present with pericardial effusion and hydrops. The definitive management is postnatal resection of the tumor. The exact antenatal management is not known due to its rarity. We present a case of fetal pericardial teratoma with pericardial tamponade. Pericardiocentesis performed at 31 weeks significantly relieved the venous compression, leading to resolution of hydrops and prolonging the gestational age for the definitive management.

Nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma with bilateral teratoma: A rare case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Trophoblastic neoplasms are often associated with pregnancy, and nongestational trophoblastic neoplasms are extremely rare. Nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma (NGCO) is a highly aggressive germ cell-derived tumor frequently presenting with early hematogenous metastasis. PATIENT CONCERNS: Herein, we report a case of a 28-year-old unmarried woman with regular menstruation who experienced vaginal bleeding 1 week after her last menstrual cycle. Doppler ultrasound revealed bilateral adnexal masses and elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as presenting an ectopic pregnancy. DIAGNOSIS: The final pathology confirmed an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IA NGCO with bilateral mature teratoma of the ovary. This is an extraordinary instance of ovarian choriocarcinoma which emerged without any prior gestation, and the patient's lack of a history of pregnancy made the diagnosis ignored. INTERVENTIONS: After initial surgery and 1 cycle of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy, a laparoscopic fertility-preserving comprehensive staging surgery was performed. Two cycles of chemotherapy with BEP were administered as supplemental therapy postsurgery, and leuprorelin was administered to protect ovarian function. OUTCOMES: Menstruation resumed 4 months after chemotherapy completion, and tumor indicators were within the normal range. No signs of recurrence were observed at the 36-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: NGCO should be considered if a female patient exhibits irregular vaginal bleeding and masses in the adnexal area. The present case and our literature review also highlighted that fertility-sparing surgery and multidrug chemotherapy are effective methods for treating NGCO.

Mature cystic teratoma with co-existent mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: describing a diagnostic challenge-a case report.

BACKGROUND: Mature cystic teratoma co-existing with a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a rare tumor that few cases have been reported until now. In these cases, either a benign teratoma is malignantly transformed into adenocarcinoma or a collision tumor is formed between a mature cystic teratoma and a mucinous tumor, which is either primarily originated from epithelial-stromal surface of the ovary, or secondary to a primary gastrointestinal tract tumor. The significance of individualizing the two tumors has a remarkable effect on further therapeutic management. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case, a mature cystic teratoma is co-existed with a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in the same ovary in a 33-year-old Iranian female. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan with additional contrast of the left ovarian mass suggested a teratoma, whereas examination of resected ovarian mass reported an adenocarcinoma with a cystic teratoma. A dermoid cyst with another multi-septate cystic lesion including mucoid material was revealed in the gross examination of the surgical specimen. Histopathological examination revealed a mature cystic teratoma in association with a well-differentiated mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. The latter showed a CK7-/CK20 + immune profile. Due to the lack of clinical, radiological, and biochemical discoveries attributed to a primary lower gastrointestinal tract tumor, the immune profile proposed the chance of adenocarcinomatous transformation of a benign teratoma. CONCLUSIONS: This case shows the significance of large sampling, precise recording of the gross aspects, histopathological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, and the help of radiological and clinical results to correctly diagnose uncommon tumors.

Large congenital cervical mass in a neonate: prenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of teratoma: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Cervical teratomas are rare congenital neoplasms that can cause neonatal airway obstruction if large. CASE PRESENTATION: The female Persian neonate displayed respiratory distress at birth, with a 7 cm × 8 cm cystic solid mass identified on the left side of the neck. Antenatal ultrasonography revealed polyhydramnios. Despite initial stabilization, the infant required intubation and mechanical ventilation due to persistent respiratory distress. Imaging confirmed a cystic mass compressing the trachea, ruling out cystic hygroma. Surgical resection on postnatal day 17 revealed a 10 cm × 10 cm solid cystic structure, histologically identified as an immature teratoma. CONCLUSION: Despite risks of poor fetal and postnatal outcome from large cervical teratomas, early surgical resection after airway stabilization can result in recovery. Proper multidisciplinary management of respiratory distress from such tumors is paramount.

Rapid Progression of Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Mimicking a Postoperative Complication in a Young Woman: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare disease with a poor prognosis that often presents with vague symptoms and inconclusive laboratory test results. Causes include industrial pollutants, primarily asbestos, and certain genetic mutations, such as BAP1. Due to the nonspecific symptoms, it is often incidentally diagnosed during or after other surgical procedures. CASE REPORT A 35-year-old healthy woman underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic left salpingo-oophorectomy for a symptomatic large ovarian mature cystic teratoma. She subsequently presented with late-onset postoperative fever, leukocytosis, and multiple intra-abdominal masses. Following an exploratory laparotomy, extensive infectious disease evaluation, and multiple biopsies requiring interdisciplinary collaboration, malignant peritoneal mesothelioma was diagnosed by positive histologic staining of an omental biopsy for D2-40 and CK5/6. This first specimen was positive for BAP1, with the second, a liver biopsy, testing negative for BAP1. The tumor cell testing was also notable for mutations in NF2, MLL2, and ARID1A, and the hereditary cancer genetic testing was overall unremarkable. Her disease progressed rapidly, and she died 6 months after her initial procedure. CONCLUSIONS This case of rapidly developing malignant peritoneal mesothelioma following surgical management of an ovarian mature teratoma highlights the complexity in diagnosing a rare disease that presents with nonspecific symptoms in an otherwise young and healthy woman. The rapid disease course was likely accelerated by expansive intraperitoneal spread and multiple somatic oncogenic mutations in BAP1, NF2, MLL2, and ARID1A. Gynecologists should keep a broad differential for postoperative complications, as occult malignancies can present with symptoms that mimic postoperative complications.

Laparoscopic transabdominal-sacrococcygeal approach for resection of Altman type III sacrococcygeal teratoma in adult women: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Adult sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare disease that is not easily detected or easily missed, and its treatment is based on surgery, including transabdominal, transsacral, or a combination of both, but there are no clear guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. We share a case of Altman type III SCT in order to provide more reference protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of adult SCT, and more importantly to increase our understanding of different types of SCT cases in adults. PATIENT CONCERNS: Our patient was a 31-year-old adult woman who underwent complete surgical resection of a cystic mature teratoma of the right ovary 8 years ago and is currently 13 months postpartum without menstruation, usually with a feeling of anal bulge, with symptoms such as constipation. DIAGNOSIS: We diagnosed SCT by vaginal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); benign tumors were considered in the results of serum tumor markers. INTERVENTIONS: We chose the surgical approach of laparoscopic transabdominal-sacrococcygeal approach to completely remove the patient SCT and coccyx. OUTCOMES: The location of SCT is concealed and the clinical symptoms are not obvious. Vaginal ultrasonography, CT and MRI can not only improve the diagnostic rate of SCT, but also understand the size and mass of SCT, providing an exact basis for clinicians to select the laparoscopic transabdominal-sacrococcygeal approach. CONCLUSION: Our sharing increases the reports of rare cases of teratoma with the same histological findings in different organ tissues of the same patient at different times, whether this occurs incidentally requires more case reports and further basic research; in addition, the laparoscopic transabdominal-sacrococcygeal approach is a safe and effective surgical approach for the treatment of Altman type III SCT in adults; finally, this case reminds us that SCT may not affect pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes and provides a reference for the selection of interventions for SCT with pregnancy.

Congenital Gastric Teratoma Presenting with Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Case Report and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND: Gastric teratoma is an extremely rare tumor, representing <1% of all pediatric teratomas, and commonly manifests as a palpable abdominal mass. Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in newborns and infants is rare and is mostly caused by a benign lesion. CASE REPORT: We present a 3-month-old boy who presented with recurrent attacks of hematemesis, vomiting, and melena which on work up revealed a gastric teratoma. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Owing to the unique characteristics and the extreme rarity of this entity, accurate preoperative diagnosis has remained elusive.

Congenital orofacial teratoma in a 22-week foetus.

No abstract available.