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1.
Food Chem ; 462: 140913, 2025 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39197241

RESUMO

Grape processing generates large amounts of by-products, including seeds rich in hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that subjecting grape seeds to a single ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with aqueous ethanolic solutions yields both flavan-3-ols and tocochromanols in the final extract. Notably, the water content in ethanol significantly influences the extractability of tocochromanols more than flavan-3-ols. Solid-to-solvent ratios of 1:50 to 1:2 were tested for both analytical and industrial applications. A sustainable analytical approach for recovering flavan-3-ols and tocochromanols using 60% and 96.4% ethanol extractions was validated and employed to profile nineteen genotypes of lesser-studied interspecific grape crosses (Vitis spp.). Different genotypes showed a wide range of concentrations of tocopherols (1.6-6.3 mg/100 g), tocotrienols (1.0-17.4 mg/100 g), and flavan-3-ols (861-9994 mg/100 g). This indicated that the genetic background and maturity of the plant material are crucial factors from an industrial perspective due to the initial concentration of bioactive compounds. Finally, the study also discussed the fundamental aspects of hydrophobic antioxidant extractability from the lipid matrix with aqueous ethanol solutions and the limitations of the workflow, such as the non-extractable tocochromanols and their esters and the losses of these lipophilic antioxidants during extraction.


Assuntos
Flavonoides , Sementes , Vitis , Vitis/química , Sementes/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Tocoferóis/isolamento & purificação , Tocoferóis/química , Tocoferóis/análise , Tocotrienóis/análise , Tocotrienóis/isolamento & purificação , Tocotrienóis/química
2.
Molecules ; 29(17)2024 Sep 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39275032

RESUMO

Calendula officinalis L. has numerous health-promoting properties due to the presence of a large number of lipophilic compounds. Their effective delivery to the body requires the use of an appropriate technique such as emulsification. So, the main purpose of this study was to understand how the profile of lipophilic compounds from pot marigold and the pro-health potential are shaped by different types of protein, oil, and drying techniques in o/w nanoemulsion. To obtain this, the profiles of carotenoid compounds and tocols were measured. Additionally, antioxidant potential and the ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase were measured. Pea protein emulsion exhibited a higher final content of carotenoid compounds (23.72-39.74 mg/100 g), whereas those with whey protein had stronger α-amylase inhibition (487.70 mg/mL). The predominant compounds in the studied nanoemulsions were ß-carotene (between 19% and 40%), followed by α-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol. The type of proteins shaped the health-promoting properties and determined the content of health-promoting compounds.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Calendula , Carotenoides , Emulsões , Tocoferóis , Tocotrienóis , Emulsões/química , Carotenoides/química , Carotenoides/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Tocoferóis/química , Tocotrienóis/química , Calendula/química , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/química , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/química , Nanopartículas/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia
3.
Food Chem ; 460(Pt 2): 140645, 2024 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39094339

RESUMO

The retention of bioactive compounds in the blend of wheat and rye flours and 4% roasted buckwheat hulls, dough before and after fermentation, and obtained bread were determined. In parallel, the content of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and antioxidant capacity (AC) during technological steps of bread production were studied. The dough formation and fermentation process increased the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids and reduced the content of tocopherols, and no changes in glutathione as compared to the blend were noted. Moreover, the increased level of available lysine and AC were observed after dough fermentation. The baking process resulted in further increased phenolic acids, and flavonoids and decreased the tocopherols and glutathione contents. The bread was characterized by the highest values of parameters related to MRPs, such as the content of fluorescent intermediary compounds and final browning index compared to other analyzed steps.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Pão , Culinária , Fagopyrum , Triticum , Fagopyrum/química , Pão/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Triticum/química , Triticum/metabolismo , Sementes/química , Sementes/metabolismo , Fermentação , Farinha/análise , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/química , Reação de Maillard , Tocoferóis/análise , Tocoferóis/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/análise
4.
Food Chem ; 460(Pt 3): 140789, 2024 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39126942

RESUMO

Rosaceae family includes several edible fruit species processed in vast quantities and generates large amounts of seeds valuable in tocopherols. In the present study, the composition of tocochromanols in the seeds of 141 samples was determined by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPLC) with diode array detector (DAD), fluorescence detector (FLD) and confirmed by mass detector (MS). The thirteen species belonging to the Rosaceae family were classified by multivariate statistical analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) into two groups based on tocochromanols content. Group 'A' includes pears (Pyrus communis), sweet cherry (Prunus avium), sour cherry (Prunus cerasus), apricots (Prunus armeniaca), hexaploid plums (Prunus domestica), diploid plums (Prunus cerasifera), raspberry (Rubus idaeus), and rose hip (Rosa rugosa); while group 'B' quince (Cydonia oblonga), Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica), strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), dessert apples (Malus domestica), and crab apples (Malus spp.). Two rapid (6-7 min) and low pressure (7.2-8.1 MPa) separation methods were developed and validated using two core-shell columns (i) C18 and (ii) F5. The F5 achieved a separation of ß and γ isomers while the C18 column did not.


Assuntos
Frutas , Rosaceae , Sementes , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Sementes/química , Rosaceae/química , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa/métodos , Tocoferóis/análise , Tocoferóis/química
5.
J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 125(5S1): 101959, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38964469

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the methodological quality of systematic reviews that evaluated the effectiveness of pentoxifylline and tocopherol (PENTO) in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). METHODS: Searches were performed in Databases including PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, DARE, Cochrane Library, and SIGLE through OpenGrey until March 2024, were evaluated by two independent reviewers to answer the following question: Is the use of PENTO protocol effective in the treatment of ORNJ or for the treatment of MRONJ? RESULTS: A total of 256 articles were initially identified; however, following the use of appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, five systematic reviews were identified for detailed analysis. The final study sample comprised 588 patients: 397 patients with ORN and 197 patients with MRONJ who were treated with PENTO. The total recovery of individuals who used the PENTO protocol was 62,2 % for ORN and 100 % for MRONJ, with a follow-up period of 1 month to 10 years. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool, in which four were of low quality and 1 moderate quality. CONCLUSION: The treatment of ORN and MRONJ with pentoxifylline and tocopherol has shown good results in the studies presented, with a partial or total reduction in bone exposure. However, the low quality of the relevant reports highlights the need for primary and secondary studies with better methodological rigor to reduce bias and provide reassurance for this treatment option.


Assuntos
Osteorradionecrose , Pentoxifilina , Tocoferóis , Pentoxifilina/uso terapêutico , Pentoxifilina/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Tocoferóis/uso terapêutico , Tocoferóis/administração & dosagem , Osteorradionecrose/tratamento farmacológico , Osteorradionecrose/terapia , Osteorradionecrose/etiologia , Osteorradionecrose/patologia , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/terapia , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Med Oncol ; 41(9): 208, 2024 Jul 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39060448

RESUMO

Currently, breast cancer is the most common cause of mortality caused by neoplasia in women worldwide. The unmet challenges of conventional cancer therapy are chemoresistance and lack of selectivity, which can lead to serious side effects in patients; therefore, new treatments based on natural compounds that serve as adjuvants in breast cancer therapy are urgently needed. Tocopherols are naturally occurring antioxidant compounds that have shown antitumor activity against several types of cancer, including breast cancer. This review summarizes the antitumoral activity of tocopherols, such as the antiproliferative, apoptotic, anti-invasive, and antioxidant effects of tocopherols, through different molecular mechanisms. According to the studies described, α-T, δ-T and γ-T are the most studied in breast tumor cells; however, α-T and γ-T show a more critical antitumor activity and significant potential as a complements to chemotherapeutic drugs against breast cancer, enhancing toxicity against tumor cells and preventing cytotoxicity in nontumor cells. However, the possible relationship between tocopherol intake, related to concentration, and the promotion of cancer in particular cases should not be ruled out, so additional studies are required to determine the correct dose to obtain the desired antitumor effect. Moreover, nanomicelles of D-α-tocopherol have promising potential as pharmaceutical excipients for drug delivery to improve the cytotoxicity and selectivity of first-line chemotherapeutics against breast cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Tocoferóis , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Tocoferóis/farmacologia , Tocoferóis/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos
7.
Acta Vet Scand ; 66(1): 30, 2024 Jul 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38992641

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Surgery such as ovariectomy causes an inflammatory and oxidative stress. This study was designed to evaluate endogenous tocopherol levels in response to surgical oxidative stress induced by abdominal surgery (ovariectomy) in thirty-two juvenile female dogs. The dogs received meloxicam before surgery (0.2 mg/kg SC) and after surgery (0.1 mg/kg OS every 24 h), 0.03 mg/kg of atropine sulfate (IM), and propofol 4 mg/kg intravenously (IV). General anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. Physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) and α-, δ-, γ-tocopherols were evaluated at baseline, 36 and 48 h after surgery. RESULTS: The physiological parameters remained within normal ranges. Blood glucose concentration increased, while the albumin levels decreased after surgery. Rescue analgesia was not required. MDA levels increased above the baseline at 36 and 48 h after surgery (P < 0.001). The α-, δ-, and γ-tocopherol concentrations decreased from baseline at 36 and 48 h after surgery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery in juvenile female dogs revealed oxidative, increased MDA concentrations, reduced tocopherol levels, and had a clinically insignificant influence on homeostasis.


Assuntos
Estresse Oxidativo , Tocoferóis , Animais , Feminino , Cães/cirurgia , Cães/fisiologia , Tocoferóis/metabolismo , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Malondialdeído/sangue , Malondialdeído/metabolismo
8.
Nutrients ; 16(14)2024 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39064735

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to determine the profile and contents of carotenoids, tocols and B1 and B2 vitamins in different parts of two wild edible plants (WEPs), Diplotaxis erucoides and Oxalis pes-caprae. Results showed interesting amounts of these bioactive compounds in the leaves, with intakes higher than the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A and vitamin E after consumption of 100 g. Diplotaxis erucoides and Oxalis pes-caprae leaves evidenced high amounts of carotenoids, such as lutein (about 8 mg/100 g and 5 mg, respectively) and ß-carotene (about 8 mg/100 g and 4 mg/100 g, respectively). Even when not present at high amounts, the investigated plants can also contribute to the daily intake of thiamine and riboflavin. The rich profile and high contents of bioactive compounds in these WEPs clearly justify their potential use as food ingredients in a healthy and sustainable modern cuisine and in the development of new functional foods.


Assuntos
Carotenoides , Folhas de Planta , Carotenoides/análise , Folhas de Planta/química , Riboflavina/análise , Tiamina/análise , Plantas Comestíveis/química , Humanos , Tocoferóis/análise , Luteína/análise , Recomendações Nutricionais , Valor Nutritivo
9.
Molecules ; 29(14)2024 Jul 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39064861

RESUMO

Centaurea thracica (Janka) Hayek is a plant common in southern Bulgaria. The inflorescences were collected during June and September 2021, while their seeds were obtained in September 2021. The chemical and lipid composition of the inflorescences during the vegetation process of the plant were established. A significant decrease in total proteins (from 8.7 to 7.4%), glyceride oils (2.0-1.7%), and ash (4.5-4.2%) content was observed, while the amount of carbohydrates (72.3-77.2%) and fibers (28.7-35.8%) increased. During the vegetation of the plant, the content of oleic and linoleic acids increased up to 2-3 times, while the level of palmitic acid decreased. The lipids from the seeds were rich in oleic (53.0%) and palmitic (36.2%) acids. The tocopherol content in the oils of the inflorescences during vegetation increased from 58 to 110 mg/kg, and the content in the oil from the seeds was 260 mg/kg. The phospholipid content decreased during vegetation, and differences were observed in the composition between the inflorescences and the seeds. The high content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, tocopherols, and phospholipids determine the nutritional and biological value of the oils isolated from Centaurea thracica, and contribute to their potential use in various directions.


Assuntos
Centaurea , Sementes , Bulgária , Sementes/química , Centaurea/química , Tocoferóis/análise , Tocoferóis/química , Lipídeos/análise , Lipídeos/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Fosfolipídeos/análise , Fosfolipídeos/química , Ácido Linoleico/análise , Ácido Linoleico/química
10.
J Pak Med Assoc ; 74(6): 1124-1129, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38948984

RESUMO

Objective: To compare the efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol in the management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: The systematic review was conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses guidelines 2020, and comprised literature search from 2002 till January 5, 2023, on PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Google, Wiley-Inter Science Library, Medline, SpringerLink, Taylor and Francis databases. The search was conducted using key words, such as: "tocopherol", "tocotrienol", "vitamin E", "dyslipidaemia", "cardiovascular diseases" "cardioprotective", "hypercholesterolemia" and "atherosclerosis" along with Boolean operators. Human clinical studies regarding the use of tocotrienol or tocopherol or comparison of its efficacy in patients having atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia leading to cardiovascular diseases, and studies including details of efficacy of any of the four alpha, beta, gamma, delta isomers of tocopherol or tocotrienol were included. Pertinent data from the eligible studies was retrieved and reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 516 articles identified, 26 (5%) articles met eligibility criteria. Of them 5(19%) were subjected to detailed analysis. Tocotrienol showed significant anti-oxidant efficacy at (250 mg/d) by decreasing cholesterol and serum inflammatory biomarkers i.e C-reactive protein (40%), malondialdehyde (34%), gamma-glutamyl transferase (22%) (p<0.001). Total anti-oxidant status (TAS) levels raised 22% (p<0.001) and Inflammatory cytokines i.e resistin, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-12, Interferon-gamma were decreased 15-17% (p<0.05-0.01) respectively by tocotrienol. Several microRNA (miRNA-133a, miRNA-223, miRNA-214, miRNA-155) were modulated by δ-tocotrienol. Whereas, tocopherol showed heterogeneity of results by either decreasing or increasing the risk of mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Compared to tocopherol, tocotrienol was found to be safe and potential candidate for improving cardiovascular health in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Aterosclerose , Tocoferóis , Tocotrienóis , Humanos , Tocotrienóis/uso terapêutico , Tocotrienóis/farmacologia , Aterosclerose/tratamento farmacológico , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Tocoferóis/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Colesterol/sangue
11.
J Food Sci ; 89(8): 4884-4898, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39004805

RESUMO

Walnut oil is an edible oil with high nutritional value, and the roasting process influences its quality and flavor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of roasting on the fatty acid composition, bioactive compounds (tocopherols, polyphenols, and phytosterols), and antioxidant capacity of walnut oil. Additionally, the aroma compounds and sensory characteristics were evaluated to comprehensively assess the variations in walnut oil after roasting. Roasting resulted in no notable impact on the fatty acid composition of walnut oil but increased the content of tocopherols and polyphenols in walnut oil, increasing its antioxidant capacity. Heavy roasting (160°C/20 min) reduced the phytosterol content in walnut oil by 2.3%. In total, 146 volatile compounds were detected in both cold-pressed and roasted walnut oil using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 32 key aroma compounds were identified. Aromatic aldehydes, aliphatic aldehydes, and heterocyclic compounds significantly contributed to fragrant walnut oil. Furthermore, the principal component analysis based on quality characteristics and sensory evaluation indicated that moderate roasting (130°C/20 min, 130°C/30 min, and 160°C/10 min) provided walnut oil with a sweet, nutty, and roasted aroma, as well as high levels of linoleic acid, phytosterols, and γ-tocopherol. Although heavy roasting (160°C/15 min and 160°C/20 min) enhanced the antioxidant capacities of walnut oils due to high levels of polyphenols, the oils exhibited an unpleasant burnt aroma. This study showed that roasting promoted the quality and flavor of walnut oil, and moderate conditions endowed walnut oil with a characteristic-rich flavor while maintaining excellent quality.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Culinária , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Temperatura Alta , Juglans , Odorantes , Óleos de Plantas , Tocoferóis , Juglans/química , Culinária/métodos , Odorantes/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Óleos de Plantas/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Tocoferóis/análise , Humanos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Fitosteróis/análise , Paladar , Polifenóis/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Microextração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos
12.
J Oleo Sci ; 73(6): 865-874, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38825540

RESUMO

Although peach kernels are rich in oil, there is a lack of information about its chemical and biological properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and trypsin inhibitory propriety of peach oil extracted from two varieties (sweet cap and O'Henry) cultivated in Tunisia. The investigated peach kernel oil contains significant amount of unsaponifiable (2.1±0.5-2.8±0.2% of oil) and phenolic compounds (45.8±0.92-74.6±1.3 mg GAE/g of oil). Its n-alkane profile was characterized by the predominance of tetracosane n-C24 (47.24%) followed by tricosane n-C23 (34.43%). An important total tocopherol content (1192.83±3.1 mg/kg oil) has been found in sweet cap cultivar. Although rich in polyphenols and tocopherols, the tested oil did not display an inhibitory effect on trypsin. However, all peach oil samples showed effective antioxidant capacity and the highest values (86.34±1.3% and 603.50±2.6 µmol TE/g oil for DPPH test and ORAC assay, respectively) were observed for sweet cap oil. Peach oil has an excellent potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries as source of naturally-occurring bioactive substances.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Fenóis , Óleos de Plantas , Prunus persica , Tocoferóis , Antioxidantes/análise , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/análise , Fenóis/análise , Tocoferóis/análise , Prunus persica/química , Inibidores da Tripsina/análise , Polifenóis/análise
13.
Talanta ; 277: 126360, 2024 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38878508

RESUMO

Reversed-phase separation of tocopherols (Ts) and tocotrienols (Ts) using C18 stationary phases results in the coelution of ß and γ positional isomers, leading to identification errors. This study investigates the potential of alternative stationary phase chemistries to effectively resolve tocochromanols, specifically focusing on the critical pair of ß and γ positional isomers. Initial screening of seven different stationary phases (C18, C18-PFP, C30, PFP, 5PYE, πNAP, and RP-Amide) was conducted. Linear solvent strength (LSS) studies were performed to assess the impact of the organic modifier (methanol) and temperature on the chromatographic performance parameters. Five columns were found to be suitable for the tocochromanol separation and two different chromatographical conditions per column were proposed. Elution order of tocochromanols was unique for 5PYE, πNAP and C30 columns in comparison to RP-Amide and PFP. Method development for the quantitative analysis of four tocopherol and four tocotrienol homologues was performed. The optimised method employed the RP-Amide (150 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 µm dp) superficially porous particle column, mobile phase of methanol:water of 92:8, v/v, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, column oven temperature of 40 °C and fluorescence detection (λex 295 nm, λem 330 nm). The analysis run time was 10.5 min with 13.6 MPa back pressure. The method was validated and the obtained LOQs were found to be 1.30-3.13 µg/mL. The method developed was successfully applied for the determination of tocochromanols in twenty samples with unique tocochromanol profiles. Principal component analysis illustrated three distinct groups based on the tocochromanol profile.


Assuntos
Cromatografia de Fase Reversa , Tocoferóis , Tocotrienóis , Tocotrienóis/análise , Tocotrienóis/isolamento & purificação , Tocoferóis/análise , Tocoferóis/química , Tocoferóis/isolamento & purificação , Isomerismo , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos
14.
J Oleo Sci ; 73(7): 963-976, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38945925

RESUMO

The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) to obtain oil from hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) grown in northern Morocco. Optimisation of AEE extraction parameters, including pH, enzyme concentration (hemicellulase, protease and pectinase), temperature and incubation time, to maximize oil yield was achieved using response surface methodology with a central composite design. For comparison, the solvent extraction (Soxhlet) (SE) method was also used. Optimized hydrolysis conditions involved incubation for 4 hours at 60°C with a pH of 6.5, using a multi-enzyme preparation comprising protease, hemicellulase and pectinase at concentrations of 55, 202.5 and 234 U/mg, respectively. Referring to the conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE), Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction (AEE) achieved a 30.65% oil recovery rate under the optimized parameters mentioned above. The use of enzymes produced an oil that was more stable against oxidation than the solvent-extracted oil, with a peroxide value (PV) of 19.54 and 47.87 meq O 2 /kg, respectively. Furthermore, HPLC-DAD analysis of tocopherol content indicated a higher total tocopherol content (547.2 mg/kg) in Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction (AEE) compared to Soxhlet Extraction (SE) (513.51 mg/kg), with γ-tocopherol being the predominant form. No significant differences in fatty acid composition were observed between the two extraction methods with linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid being the predominant constituents.


Assuntos
Cannabis , Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Peptídeo Hidrolases , Óleos de Plantas , Poligalacturonase , Sementes , Cannabis/química , Poligalacturonase/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Sementes/química , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Hidrólise , Extração Líquido-Líquido/métodos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Água , Tocoferóis/análise , Tocoferóis/isolamento & purificação , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Temperatura , Solventes/química , Química Verde/métodos
15.
IUBMB Life ; 76(9): 666-696, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38748776

RESUMO

This research delves into the exploration of the potential of tocopherol-based nanoemulsion as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through an in-depth molecular docking analysis. The study focuses on elucidating the molecular interactions between tocopherol and seven key proteins (1O8a, 4YAY, 4DLI, 1HW9, 2YCW, 1BO9 and 1CX2) that play pivotal roles in CVD development. Through rigorous in silico docking investigations, assessment was conducted on the binding affinities, inhibitory potentials and interaction patterns of tocopherol with these target proteins. The findings revealed significant interactions, particularly with 4YAY, displaying a robust binding energy of -6.39 kcal/mol and a promising Ki value of 20.84 µM. Notable interactions were also observed with 1HW9, 4DLI, 2YCW and 1CX2, further indicating tocopherol's potential therapeutic relevance. In contrast, no interaction was observed with 1BO9. Furthermore, an examination of the common residues of 4YAY bound to tocopherol was carried out, highlighting key intermolecular hydrophobic bonds that contribute to the interaction's stability. Tocopherol complies with pharmacokinetics (Lipinski's and Veber's) rules for oral bioavailability and proves safety non-toxic and non-carcinogenic. Thus, deep learning-based protein language models ESM1-b and ProtT5 were leveraged for input encodings to predict interaction sites between the 4YAY protein and tocopherol. Hence, highly accurate predictions of these critical protein-ligand interactions were achieved. This study not only advances the understanding of these interactions but also highlights deep learning's immense potential in molecular biology and drug discovery. It underscores tocopherol's promise as a cardiovascular disease management candidate, shedding light on its molecular interactions and compatibility with biomolecule-like characteristics.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Aprendizado Profundo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Humanos , Tocoferóis/química , Tocoferóis/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/metabolismo
16.
Molecules ; 29(10)2024 May 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38792127

RESUMO

Red rice has been proposed as a super-food. Accordingly, the nutritional properties (AOAC), as well as its chemical composition, including sugars (HPLC-RI), organic acids (UFLC-PDA), tocopherols (HPLD-FD), and phenolic compounds (LC-DAD-ESI/MSn), together with the main bioactive properties (antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and antibacterial activities), were evaluated to access its nutritional benefits and health improvement potential. The most abundant macronutrients found were carbohydrates (87.2 g/100 g dw), proceeded by proteins (9.1 g/100 g dw), fat (2.6 g/100 g dw), and ash (1.1 g/100 g dw). Sucrose and raffinose were the only detected sugars, with sucrose presenting the maximum concentration (0.74 g/100 g dw). MUFAs and PUFAs were the predominant fatty acids (40.7% and 31%, respectively). Among the two detected tocopherol isoforms, γ-tocopherol (0.67 mg/100 g dw) predominated over α-tocopherol. The phenolic compounds profile, majorly composed of flavan-3-ols, should be associated with the detected bioactivities, which may provide biological benefits to human health beyond the primary nutritional effect. Overall, the bioactive potential of red rice was comprehensively accessed.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Oryza , Oryza/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Humanos , Tocoferóis/análise , Tocoferóis/química , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/análise
17.
J Oleo Sci ; 73(5): 665-674, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38692890

RESUMO

Sacha inchi seed oil is a food matrix rich in bioactive constituents, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, the characteristics of color, carotenoid content, tocopherols, and volatile aroma compounds in eight sacha inchi seed (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil accessions were evaluated. Results showed that the oil obtained from the accessions presented a lightness and chroma of 91 to 98 units and 6 to 10 units respectively, while the hue angle ranged between 93 to 97 units. The total carotenoid content in the different accessions ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 mg/kg, while γ- and δ-tocopherol ranged from 861.6 to 1142 mg/kg and 587 to 717.1 mg/kg. In addition, the total content of tocopherols varied between 1450 and 1856 mg/kg and the δ/γ ratio ranged between 0.58 and 0.70. The oils from the accessions PER000408 (861 µg/kg) and PER000411 (896 µg/kg) were those with the higher volatile concentration, especially 1-hepten-3-ol, 2-nonanol, (E)-3-hexen- 1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, and 1-hexanol. In this study, the variability of the oil obtained from 8 accessions were observed, from which promising accessions can be selected for continuous investigations of the new sacha inchi seed genotypes.


Assuntos
Carotenoides , Óleos de Plantas , Sementes , Tocoferóis , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Carotenoides/análise , Tocoferóis/análise , Sementes/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Óleos de Plantas/análise , Óleos de Plantas/química , Brassicaceae/química
18.
Food Chem ; 452: 139520, 2024 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38723573

RESUMO

The current study addresses the growing demand for sustainable plant-based cheese alternatives by employing molecular docking and deep learning algorithms to optimize protein-ligand interactions. Focusing on key proteins (zein, soy, and almond protein) along with tocopherol and retinol, the goal was to improve texture, nutritional value, and flavor characteristics via dynamic simulations. The findings demonstrated that the docking analysis presented high accuracy in predicting conformational changes. Flexible docking algorithms provided insights into dynamic interactions, while analysis of energetics revealed variations in binding strengths. Tocopherol exhibited stronger affinity (-5.8Kcal/mol) to zein compared to retinol (-4.1Kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations offered comprehensive insights into stability and behavior over time. The integration of machine learning algorithms improved the classification and the prediction accuracy, achieving a rate of 71.59%. This study underscores the significance of molecular understanding in driving innovation in the plant-based cheese industry, facilitating the development of sustainable alternatives to traditional dairy products.


Assuntos
Queijo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas , Prunus dulcis , Tocoferóis , Vitamina A , Zeína , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Queijo/análise , Prunus dulcis/química , Vitamina A/química , Vitamina A/metabolismo , Tocoferóis/química , Tocoferóis/metabolismo , Zeína/química , Zeína/metabolismo , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Aprendizado de Máquina , Glycine max/química , Glycine max/metabolismo , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte
19.
BMC Plant Biol ; 24(1): 477, 2024 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38816803

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The rate of germination and other physiological characteristics of seeds that are germinating are impacted by deep sowing. Based on the results of earlier studies, conclusions were drawn that deep sowing altered the physio-biochemical and agronomic characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). RESULTS: In this study, seeds of wheat were sown at 2 (control) and 6 cm depth and the impact of exogenously applied salicylic acid and tocopherol (Vitamin-E) on its physio-biochemical and agronomic features was assessed. As a result, seeds grown at 2 cm depth witnessed an increase in mean germination time, germination percentage, germination rate index, germination energy, and seed vigor index. In contrast, 6 cm deep sowing resulted in negatively affecting all the aforementioned agronomic characteristics. In addition, deep planting led to a rise in MDA, glutathione reductase, and antioxidants enzymes including APX, POD, and SOD concentration. Moreover, the concentration of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, proline, protein, sugar, hydrogen peroxide, and agronomic attributes was boosted significantly with exogenously applied salicylic acid and tocopherol under deep sowing stress. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that the depth of seed sowing has an impact on agronomic and physio-biochemical characteristics and that the negative effects of deep sowing stress can be reduced by applying salicylic acid and tocopherol to the leaves.


Assuntos
Germinação , Ácido Salicílico , Tocoferóis , Triticum , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Triticum/metabolismo , Triticum/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Salicílico/farmacologia , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Tocoferóis/metabolismo , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Clorofila/metabolismo
20.
Adv Nutr ; 15(7): 100240, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38734077

RESUMO

The vitamin E family contains α-tocopherol (αT), ßT, γT, and δT and α-tocotrienol (TE), ßTE, γTE, and δTE. Research has revealed distinct roles of these vitamin E forms in prostate cancer (PCa). The ATBC trial showed that αT at a modest dose significantly decreased PCa mortality among heavy smokers. However, other randomized controlled trials including the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) indicate that supplementation of high-dose αT (≥400 IU) does not prevent PCa among nonsmokers. Preclinical cell and animal studies also do not support chemopreventive roles of high-dose αT and offer explanations for increased incidence of early-stage PCa reported in the SELECT. In contrast, accumulating animal studies have demonstrated that γT, δT, γTE, and δTE appear to be effective for preventing early-stage PCa from progression to adenocarcinoma in various PCa models. Existing evidence also support therapeutic roles of γTE and its related combinations against advanced PCa. Mechanistic and cell-based studies show that different forms of vitamin E display varied efficacy, that is, δTE ≥ γTE > δT ≥ γT >> αT, in inhibiting cancer hallmarks and enabling characteristics, including uncontrolled cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation possibly via blocking 5-lipoxygenase, nuclear factor κB, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, modulating sphingolipids, and targeting PCa stem cells. Overall, existing evidence suggests that modest αT supplement may be beneficial to smokers and γT, δT, γTE, and δTE are promising agents for PCa prevention for modest-risk to relatively high-risk population. Despite encouraging preclinical evidence, clinical research testing γT, δT, γTE, and δTE for PCa prevention is sparse and should be considered.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Tocoferóis , Tocotrienóis , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Próstata/prevenção & controle , Tocotrienóis/farmacologia , Tocotrienóis/uso terapêutico , Tocoferóis/farmacologia , Tocoferóis/uso terapêutico , Animais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Quimioprevenção/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Vitamina E/uso terapêutico , Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Anticarcinógenos/uso terapêutico
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