A stepwise mapping approach for localization and ablation of ectopic right, left, and septal atrial foci using electroanatomic mapping.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: We describe a new strategic stepwise mapping approach for fast and accurate identification and ablation of ectopic atrial foci using an electroanatomic mapping system. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mapping procedures started with the acquisition of four points at the superior/septal part of the tricuspid annulus. According to this activation sequence, maps were continued towards the right atrial free wall if relatively early activation was shown at the superior part of the initial map or towards the triangle of Koch and, if necessary, to the left atrium, in cases of relatively early activation at the septum. High density mapping and detailed electrogram analysis only of the target area allowed identification and ablation of 34 foci in 30 of the 32 studied consecutive patients. A small number of mapping points were sufficient within a procedure time of 90 +/- 41 min for right 148 +/- 68 min and for left sided foci and a total fluoroscopy time of 9.6 +/- 7.2 min and 24.8 +/- 16.4 min respectively. Sixteen foci were located at the right free wall, eight at the left free wall, and 10 at the right or left side of the septum. CONCLUSION: Strategic electroanatomic mapping with fast identification of the area of tachycardia origin and high density mapping only of this target area allowed fast and successful localization and ablation of right and left free wall and septal ectopic atrial foci.