[Rubella infection in children and teenagers in Tunisia]. / Etude de l'infection par le virus de la rubéole chez l'enfant et l'adolescent en Tunisie.

ABSTRACT

Rubella is a worlwide common infection; its importance in public health relates to the risk of malformation when primary infection occurs during pregnancy. This serosurvey was conducted to assess the kinetics of rubella infection in Tunisian children and teenagers and to determine the proportion of girls who remain seronegative at childbearing age. The studied population included 2481 individuals aged seven (N =1136), 13 (N =711) and 19 years (N =634), this sample was collected in 1996 and is representative of all geographical regions of the country. Our results indicate that 42% of tunisians are infected before seven years, 73% before 13 and 89% before 19 years of age. These rates are lower than those previously reported in the country. The proportion of seronegatives at 19 years of age was higher in costal regions than in the rest of the country 14 vs 5% (p =0,0008). This difference should be due to the higher socio-economic level of the population living in costal regions. Our study indicates that primary infection with rubella virus in Tunisia is progressively shifting to older ages, which may increase the risk of congenital rubella syndrome. The introduction of rubella vaccination in the national program of vaccination may be considered, however only very high coverage levels will have a positive effect. Beside the reduction of the risk of congenital rubella syndrome, rubella vaccination will reduce the incidence of febrile rush cases and thus facilitate the surveillance activities conducted as part of the national program of measles elimination.