[Prevalence and characterisation of the newborn suffering craniofacial anomalies at the Instituto Materno Infantil in Bogotá]. / Prevalencia y Caracterización de los Recién Nacidos con Anomalías Craneofaciales en el Instituto Materno Infantil de Bogotá

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Determining the frequency and characteristics of newborn suffering craniofacial abnormalities who were attending the Instituto Materno Infantil (IMI) in Bogotá. METHODS: Data was gathered regarding the newborn suffering such alterations who attended IMI from March 1st 2000 to August 15th 2001. The variables analysed were being born in or having been remitted to the IMI, social strata, origin, general and specific risk factors, gender, correlation between weight and gestational age, clinical and aetiological diagnosis of the anomaly, karyotype and condition on leaving IMI. RESULTS: There was 2.7% prevalence for congenital defects and 0.6% for craniofacial abnormalities. 69% of the 52 patients had specific risk factors, 38% had been preterm, 33% had suffered retarded intra-uterine growth, 65% had cleft palates, 55.8% multiple abnormalities and 46% syndromes. Aetiological diagnosis was established in 38%; 12% had chromosomopathy. Eighteen children (35%) died, death being attributed to their defect in 13 of them, six by chromosomopathy. This study revealed the use of karyotype in making an aetiological diagnosis and determining prognosis. Mortality for the group suffering craniofacial abnormalities was threefold that of other hospitalised neonatal patients. Significant statistical association was shown between mortality and preterm condition, retarded growth, chromosomopathy and a diagnosis of multiple defects and/or syndromes. CONCLUSIONS: Prematurity, retarded growth, multiple defects, syndrome diagnosis and chromosomopathy revealed a mortality risk profile.