[GnRH analogues for the treatment of fibroids]. / Análogos de la GnRH en el tratamiento de los miomas.

ABSTRACT

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that are very common in women and may present significant symptoms in 20%-50% of cases. When they require action, their traditional management has been surgery (hysterectomy or fibroidectomy); however medical alternatives have been proposed, given that surgery is associated with a certain morbidity and mortality and involves healthcare costs. Within the pharmacological management of uterine fibroids, GnRH analogues are the best known and most commonly used drugs, although their indications are limited by the side effects associated with long-term treatment. Their primary indication is based on preoperative treatment (to hysterectomy or fibroidectomy) and in selected cases of patients close to menopause or who want more conservative management. These analogues are able to significantly reduce the uterine volume, the size of the fibroid and their accompanying symptoms. Their main disadvantage, however, lies in the reversibility of their effect when treatment is discontinued, along with the side effects associated with hypoestrogenism, such as climacteric symptoms and loss of bone mass. "Add-back" therapies, which associate low-dose estrogens to aGnRH, allow for extended use thanks to decreased side effects without affecting the benefits.