Double sentinel lymph node mapping with indocyanine green and 99m-technetium-tin colloid in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

ABSTRACT

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes, which is the most known prognostic factor. Screening methods to identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are therefore of great interest for the management of potential neck metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefit of double SLN mapping with indocyanine green (ICG) and 99m-technetium-tin colloid ((99m)Tc-tin colloid) for sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS). Between 2007 and 2010, 16 patients diagnosed with OSCC were investigated by SLN biopsy using the double mapping method. (99m)Tc-tin colloid was injected into the peri-tumoural region on the preoperative day, and ICG was administered intraoperatively in the same position to assist in detecting nodes during surgery. Based on the gamma-ray signal and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence of ICG, SLNs were identified and thereafter assessed pathologically and genetically for cancer involvement. Radio-guided detection was successful for all patients. ICG mapping identified a relatively larger number of nodes, suggesting that several non-SLNs were potentially involved. The double mapping method assisted surgeons to explore SLNs. Since the ICG fluorescence was shielded by the subcutaneous fatty tissue and the muscle layer including platysma and sternocleidomastoid, it was necessary to retract the tissue away from nodes.