Epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: links, risks, and challenges.

ABSTRACT

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a prevalence rate of 7%-9% in the general population of children. However, in children with epilepsy, ADHD has been found to be present in 20%-50% of patients. This paper provides a review of ADHD prevalence in pediatric epilepsy populations and reviews data on specific symptom presentation and attention deficits in patients with epilepsy. This paper also reviews evidence-based treatments for ADHD and specifically the treatment of ADHD as a comorbid condition in children with epilepsy.