Risk factors for esophageal cancer: emphasis on infectious agents.
Ann N Y Acad Sci
; 1434(1): 319-332, 2018 12.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29851130
ABSTRACT
Risk factors for esophageal cancer include genetic factors (such as tylosis) and infectious agents. A variety of organisms have been implicated in esophageal carcinogenesis, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we explore the normal esophageal flora and how it may be controlled, and also the variety of organisms that may affect esophageal carcinogenesis, either directly or indirectly. The organisms with potential direct effects in squamous cell carcinoma include human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus, and polyoma viruses. Interestingly, HPV is now implicated in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), not in its initiation but in the development of dysplasia, in which HPV33 in particular has been associated. Indirectly, Helicobacter pylori has been associated with EAC by, initially, causing increased acid secretion that increases acid reflux, and by reducing lower esophageal sphincter pressure, which increases gastroesophageal reflux; the latter increases the risk of Barrett's esophagus, and hence EAC. Conversely, subsequent atrophic gastritis may normalize that risk.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Esófago de Barrett
/
Neoplasias Esofágicas
/
Adenocarcinoma
/
Reflujo Gastroesofágico
/
Infecciones por Helicobacter
/
Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr
/
Esófago
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Ann N Y Acad Sci
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Canadá