Retrospective Study of 383 Cases of Fibro-Osseous Lesions of the Jaws.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to describe the clinical and radiologic features of 383 fibro-osseous lesions (FOLs) from an oral pathology reference service in Brazil and to compare the findings with previous studies. The hypothesis of the study was that the most common type of FOL would differ from other investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study with review of the records of the clinical and biopsy services (1990 to 2015). All records of the patients included showed a definitive diagnosis of FOL. The primary outcome variable was the type of FOL, and the predictor variables were gender, age, ethnicity, location, and clinical and radiologic characteristics. Descriptive analyses and χ2 tests were performed. The P value was set at .05. RESULTS: From the 27,998 records available, 383 showed FOLs, with 187 (48.8%) being cemento-osseous dysplasias (CODs), 103 (26.9%) being fibrous dysplasias (FDs), and 93 (24.3%) being ossifying fibromas (OFs). The mean age of the patients was 38.5 ± 17.5 years. CODs presented a predilection for female gender (n = 314, 82.0%), African descent (n = 134, 71.6%), and the mandible (n = 248, 64.6%). The most common radiologic feature was a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque image (n = 149, 51.7%). FDs and OFs were commonly diagnosed during the first and second decades of life (P < .001), whereas CODs were more frequently diagnosed beyond the third decade (P < .001). Secondary osteomyelitis was more significantly observed in CODs (P < .001) than in FDs and OFs. Swelling was more frequently reported for FDs and OFs than for CODs (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: CODs were the most frequently observed FOLs in this Brazilian population. Female patients, patients of African descent, and patients with mandibular localization were most commonly affected by these conditions. The most common type of FOL differed from that in similar case reports or series from various geographic locations. It is believed that the data source (clinical and/or biopsy services) can directly influence the outcome.