LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols-Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy?
Nutrients
; 10(9)2018 Sep 07.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30205492
ABSTRACT
The LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect of plant sterols/stanols (PSS) is summarized in several meta-analyses showing a dose-response relationship with intakes of 1.5 to 3 g/day lowering LDL-C by 7.5% to 12%. This review summarizes evidence for the impact of various factors potentially influencing the LDL-C-lowering efficacy of PSS. PSS are efficacious in all food formats and in food supplements. Some factors related to food format, e.g., solid vs. liquid foods, seem to impact efficacy, while there is no difference between free PSS and esters. Compared to multiple daily intakes, once-a-day intake of PSS, especially in the morning with light breakfast, leads to a sub-optimal LDL-C lowering. However, intake frequency seems influenced by intake occasion, i.e., with or without a meal, and time of day. Meal intake is a critical factor for an optimal LDL-C lowering efficacy of PSS. While age has no impact, gender is suggested to influence the LDL-C lowering effect of PSS with greater reductions reported for men than women; but overall evidence is inconclusive and larger studies show no gender by treatment interaction. In conclusion, PSS are efficacious in all foods and food supplements; for optimal efficacy they should be consumed with a (main) meal and twice daily.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Contexto en salud:
2_ODS3
Problema de salud:
2_cobertura_universal
Asunto principal:
Fitosteroles
/
Suplementos Dietéticos
/
Dislipidemias
/
Dieta Saludable
/
LDL-Colesterol
Tipo de estudio:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Adult
/
Child
/
Child, preschool
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Nutrients
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Países Bajos