Injecting drug use among gay and bisexual men in New Zealand: Findings from national human immunodeficiency virus epidemiological and behavioural surveillance.
Drug Alcohol Rev
; 39(4): 365-374, 2020 05.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32101629
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:
Gay and bisexual men (GBM) who inject drugs are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of dual transmission risks. New Zealand has a progressive history of harm reduction and was the first country to publicly fund needle exchange programs in 1988 for people who inject drugs (PWID). We combine national HIV epidemiological and bio-behavioural surveillance data to understand HIV risk among this subpopulation. DESIGN ANDMETHODS:
We examine trends in new HIV diagnoses 1996-2018 by mode of transmission, and compare HIV cases attributed to sex between men (MSM-only), MSM/injecting drug use (IDU) and IDU-only. IDU among GBM in a national HIV behavioural surveillance survey was also examined. We compare GBM by IDU status (never, 'recent', previous) and identified predictors of recent IDU.RESULTS:
Of 1653 locally-acquired HIV diagnoses 1996-2018, 77.4% were MSM-only, 1.5% MSM/IDU, 1.4% IDU-only and 14.2% heterosexual mode of transmission. On average, just one HIV diagnosis attributed to MSM/IDU and IDU, respectively, occurred per annum. MSM/IDU cases were more likely than MSM-only cases to be indigenous Maori ethnicity. Of 3163 GBM survey participants, 5.4% reported lifetime IDU and 1.2% were recent IDU. Among GBM, HIV positivity was 20% among recent IDU and 5.3% among never injectors. Predictors of recent IDU were age under 30; more than 20 male partners; female partner; condomless intercourse; HIV positivity. DISCUSSION ANDCONCLUSION:
New Zealand has averted high endemic HIV rates seen among GBM and PWID in other countries and results have been sustained over 30 years.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Contexto en salud:
2_ODS3
Problema de salud:
2_enfermedades_transmissibles
/
2_sustancias_psicoativas
Asunto principal:
Infecciones por VIH
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Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa
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Homosexualidad Masculina
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Minorías Sexuales y de Género
Tipo de estudio:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
/
Screening_studies
Límite:
Adolescent
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Adult
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
País/Región como asunto:
Oceania
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Drug Alcohol Rev
Asunto de la revista:
TRANSTORNOS RELACIONADOS COM SUBSTANCIAS
Año:
2020
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Nueva Zelanda