Diversity, Mechanism, and Optogenetic Application of Light-Driven Ion Pump Rhodopsins.
Adv Exp Med Biol
; 1293: 89-126, 2021.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33398809
ABSTRACT
Ion-transporting microbial rhodopsins are widely used as major molecular tools in optogenetics. They are categorized into light-gated ion channels and light-driven ion pumps. While the former passively transport various types of cations and anions in a light-dependent manner, light-driven ion pumps actively transport specific ions, such as H+, Na+, Cl-, against electrophysiological potential by using light energy. Since the ion transport by these pumps induces hyperpolarization of membrane potential and inhibit neural firing, light-driven ion-pumping rhodopsins are mostly applied as inhibitory optogenetics tools. Recent progress in genome and metagenome sequencing identified more than several thousands of ion-pumping rhodopsins from a wide variety of microbes, and functional characterization studies has been revealing many new types of light-driven ion pumps one after another. Since light-gated channels were reviewed in other chapters in this book, here the rapid progress in functional characterization, molecular mechanism study, and optogenetic application of ion-pumping rhodopsins were reviewed.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Bombas Iónicas
/
Rodopsinas Microbianas
/
Optogenética
/
Luz
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Adv Exp Med Biol
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Japón