Effects of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in patients with sepsis requiring continuous hemodiafiltration: Analysis of a nationwide administrative database in Japan.

This study investigated sepsis patients' current status with continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) with or without polymyxin B hemoperfusion (PMX). We identified 17 367 adult sepsis patients treated with CHDF and PMX using the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) database from April 2016 to March 2019. More than half of the patients in this category resulted in death in the hospital, which means that patients in this group were critically ill. Among the patients who received CHDF, the 28-day survival rate of PMX-treated patients was significantly higher than that of non-treated patients, after adjusting the patient background by propensity score matching (69.5% vs. 65.4%, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the length of hospital stay and intensive care unit stay was significantly shorter in PMX-treated patients than that of non-treated patients. These results suggest that PMX may provide benefits to patients with severe sepsis requiring CHDF.