Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic data of premodern human skeletons from mainland Japan and the Ryukyu islands.

This dataset consists of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of bulk collagen extracted from 229 human skeletons from premodern Japan. All samples were derived from different individuals excavated from mainland Japan and the Ryukyu Islands. Most of the skeletal individuals were identified, sexed, and aged by physical anthropologists. Collagen samples were extracted from bone or root portion of tooth dentin. Collagen samples were measured by an elemental analyzer coupled to stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Stable isotope ratios are the useful proxy of palaeodiet, and this dataset can be used for dietary reconstruction of premodern people living in the Japan archipelago.