Association between high-risk pregnancy and environmental contaminants in the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista, Brazil.

ABSTRACT

The Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista (MRBS) is a highly contaminated area. High-risk pregnancy is one factor that leads to a higher chance of both morbidity and mortality of the mother-fetus binomial. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between exposure to environmental contaminants and high-risk pregnancy. Case-control study, using a probabilistic and random sample composed of 201 high-risk pregnant women (cases) and 201 no high-risk pregnant women (control) followed up during prenatal care at a Public Hospital. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire. Contaminated areas data were obtained from the Environmental Company of the São Paulo State. The participants were georeferenced by their place of residence. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, and univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. The multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that living in a contaminated area (OR = 1.565; 95%CI 1.033; 2.370), preterm delivery in the current pregnancy (OR = 1.989; 95%CI 1.239; 3.194), and more than 35 years old (OR = 2.822; 95%CI 1.692; 4.706) are factors jointly related to high-risk pregnancy. Environmental contaminants play an important role in high-risk pregnancy, and mitigating measures are needed to improve the environment and reduce high-risk pregnancy.