Supplementation with lipids enhances zoosporulation of Perkinsus species.

ABSTRACT

The protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni is a major pathogen of marine mollusks. A large number of zoospores (the most infective stage) is required to experimentally examine the transmission and invasion processes of this parasite, but the conventional zoosporulation method in seawater is inefficient. A recent study found that P. olseni zoosporulation was highly enhanced in a nutrient-rich medium which was developed for trophozoite proliferation in Perkinsus. Here, we examined the effect of each medium component on P. olseni zoosporulation and found that lipids enhanced zoosporulation. Moreover, zoospores failed to develop into trophozoites in seawater supplemented with lipids, indicating that this zoosporulation method using seawater supplemented with lipids is ideal for preparing a large number of P. olseni zoospores for various biological assays. Lipid supplementation also significantly enhanced zoosporulation in P. honshuensis, P. chesapeaki, and P. marinus, although the enhancing effect of the lipid supplementation varied by species. Considering the limited availability of lipids in the sea water column, our findings suggest that Perkinsus zoosporulation likely occurs mainly in the vicinity of hosts (not in the sea water column), such as in the mantle cavity or on the body surface of mollusk hosts.