Probe drug T-1032 N-oxygenation mediated by cytochrome P450 3A5 in human hepatocytes in vitro and in humanized-liver mice in vivo.

ABSTRACT

Polymorphic cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) expression contributes to individual differences in the pharmacokinetics of probe drugs. The identification of suitable in vivo CYP3A5 probes would benefit drug metabolism and drug interaction studies using chimeric mice with humanized liver. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic profiles of T-1032, which is known as an in vitro CYP3A5 probe substrate, using humanized-liver mice. Substantial N-oxygenation of T-1032 was observed in hepatocytes from humans and from humanized-liver mice. Hepatocytes from the human donor genotyped as CYP3A5∗3/∗3 (poor expressers) showed significantly lower T-1032 N-oxidation rates than those from donors harboring CYP3A5∗1. After a single oral dose of T-1032 (1.0 mg/kg) in humanized-liver mice, the plasma levels of T-1032 N-oxide were higher in five mice with CYP3A5∗1/∗7 hepatocytes than in four mice with CYP3A5∗3/∗3 hepatocytes. The maximum concentrations of T-1032 N-oxide after oral administration of T-1032 in humanized-liver mice with CYP3A5∗1/∗7 hepatocytes were twice (a significant difference) those from humanized-liver mice with CYP3A5∗3/∗3 hepatocytes. These results suggest that polymorphic CYP3A5-dependent T-1032 N-oxidation was observed in humanized liver mice in vitro and in vivo. However, the contribution of CYP3A5 genotypes may have little or only limited effects on the overall pharmacokinetic profiles of T-1032 in vivo.