How Strain-Release Determines Chemoselectivity: A Mechanistic Study of Rhodium-Catalyzed Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane Activation.
J Phys Chem Lett
; 13(33): 7694-7701, 2022 Aug 25.
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| ID: mdl-35960186
ABSTRACT
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane (BCB) derivatives are versatile coupling partners, and various reaction modes for their activation and transformation have been proposed. In this work, three BCB-activation modes in Rh-catalyzed BCB transformations that construct diastereoselective α-quaternary ß-lactones were investigated by density functional theory calculations. Our results show that, compared with C1-C3 insertion and C-C3 oxidative addition, C2-C3 oxidative addition is more favorable. The whole catalytic cycle involves five main steps:
C-H activation, oxidative addition, ß-C elimination/reductive elimination, Rh walking, and aldehyde insertion/protonation. Independent gradient model, intrinsic reaction coordinate, distortion-interaction energy, and Laplacian electron-density analyses were carried out to investigate the mode of BCB activation. Our calculation also showed that aldehyde-insertion is the diastereoselectivity determining step, which is controlled by the steric effect between the ligand, methyl group, and aldehyde.
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J Phys Chem Lett
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2022
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Article