Effects of multiple stressors in fish: how parasites and contaminants interact.
Parasitology
; 149(14): 1822-1828, 2022 12.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35993340
ABSTRACT
Interest in local environmental conditions and the occurrence and behaviour of parasites has increased over the last 3 decades, leading to the discipline of Environmental Parasitology. The aim of this discipline is to investigate how anthropogenically altered environmental factors influence the occurrence of parasites and how the combined effects of pollutants and parasites affect the health of their hosts. Accordingly, in this paper, we provide an overview of the direct and indirect effects of pollutants on the occurrence and distribution of fish parasites. However, based on current knowledge, it is difficult to draw general conclusions about these interdependencies, as the effects of pollutants on free-living (larval) parasite stages, as well as their effects on ectoparasites, depend on the pollutanthostparasite combination as well as on other environmental factors that can modulate the harmful effects of pollutants. Furthermore, the question of the combined effects of the simultaneous occurrence of parasites and pollutants on the physiology and health of the fish hosts is of interest. For this purpose, we differentiate between the dominance effects of individual stressors over other, additive or synergistically reinforcing effects as well as combined antagonistic effects. For the latter, there are only very few studies, most of which were also carried out on invertebrates, so that this field of research presents itself as very promising for future investigations.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Parásitos
/
Contaminantes Ambientales
/
Enfermedades de los Peces
Límite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Parasitology
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Alemania