Lifestyle changes to prevent cardio- and cerebrovascular disease at midlife: A systematic review.
Maturitas
; 167: 60-65, 2023 01.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36306668
ABSTRACT
Cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases are leading causes of death and morbidity in ageing populations. While numerous cohort studies show inverse associations of presumably healthy lifestyles and cardiovascular risk factors, the causal link to many modifiable behaviors is still insufficiently evidence-based. Because of bias of studies and heterogeneity of results, we performed a systematic review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and observational studies on lifestyle patterns including nutrition, physical activity, smoking, and weight versus incidence and mortality of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. A search string retrieved 624 references in PubMed covering the last five years. Two researchers screened titles and abstracts independently but with equivalent results. Nineteen references met the inclusion criteria. Results affirm that high adherence to plant-based diets, including components such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, low-fat dairy, olive oil, nuts, and low intake of sodium, sweetened beverages, alcohol, and red and processed meats, results in lower risk of vascular outcomes in a dose-dependent manner. Physical activity quantified as walking pace or cardiorespiratory fitness yielded an inverse effect on stroke. Health measures such as smoking status, BMI and increase in body weight are associated with substantial risk of the incidence of and mortality from cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, while strong adherence to an overall prudent lifestyle lowered the risk of cardiovascular disease by 66â¯% and that stroke by 60â¯%. In summary, increasing numbers of and adherence to health behaviors may markedly lower the burden of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. However, future research should focus on randomized controlled trials to test for causal relationships.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Contexto en salud:
1_ASSA2030
/
2_ODS3
/
6_ODS3_enfermedades_notrasmisibles
/
8_ODS3_consumo_sustancias_psicoactivas
Problema de salud:
1_doencas_nao_transmissiveis
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2_muertes_prematuras_enfermedades_notrasmisibles
/
6_cardiovascular_diseases
/
6_cerebrovascular_disease
/
8_alcohol
Asunto principal:
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
/
Trastornos Cerebrovasculares
/
Accidente Cerebrovascular
Tipo de estudio:
Systematic_reviews
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Maturitas
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article