Characteristics of poisonings involving ketamine in the United States, 2019-2021.
J Psychopharmacol
; 37(8): 802-808, 2023 08.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36475433
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The use of ketamine, a controlled dissociative anesthetic, has become more widespread in recent years with recreational/nonmedical use increasing and ketamine becoming more widely available in clinics to treat depression.AIMS:
We examined recent trends in adverse effects related to ketamine use.METHODS:
US National Poison Control data were examined, focusing on ketamine exposures among those aged ⩾13 between 2019 and 2021 (n = 758). We examined quarterly trends in exposure and delineated correlates of patients experiencing a major adverse effect or death.RESULTS:
The number of reported exposures increased 81.1% from 2019 Quarter 1 through 2021 Quarter 4, from 37 to 67 (p = 0.018). The majority of patients were male (57.1%), and the plurality of cases involved intentional misuse or "abuse" (39.5%), followed by suspected suicide attempt (19.7%) and unintentional exposure (18.9%). A fifth (19.6%) experienced a major adverse effect or death. A third (33.4%) co-used other drugs; the drugs most commonly co-used were benzodiazepines (14.6%), alcohol (10.3%), and opioids (8.7%). Co-use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB; adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 3.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57-7.46) and opioids (aPR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.46-4.08) was associated with increased risk for a major adverse effect or death, as was injection-only administration (aPR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.21-5.92).CONCLUSIONS:
Although still rare, poisonings involving ketamine have increased in recent years. Polydrug use-particularly with opioids or GHB-appears to be a particular risk factor for more serious adverse effects. As prevalence of use increases, it is important to monitor adverse effects and co-occurring behaviors to inform timely prevention and harm reduction as needed.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Contexto en salud:
2_ODS3
/
8_ODS3_consumo_sustancias_psicoactivas
Problema de salud:
2_sustancias_psicoativas
/
8_alcohol
/
8_opioid_abuse
Asunto principal:
Oxibato de Sodio
/
Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias
/
Ketamina
Tipo de estudio:
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
País/Región como asunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Psychopharmacol
Asunto de la revista:
PSICOFARMACOLOGIA
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos