Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders among US children and adolescents in 2019 and 2020.

Background: Concerning the changes in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), we estimate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disorder (ID), and learning disability (LD) among US children and adolescents aged 3-17 years in 2019 and 2020. Methods: The study includes 14,983 US children and adolescents aged 3-17 years in 2019 and 2020 from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Parents were interviewed about whether their children ever and/or currently had NDDs diagnosed. Prevalence estimates of NDDs were calculated with a survey-based weighting scheme. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between NDDs prevalence and subgroups. Results: The weighted prevalence of ADHD, ASD, ID, and LD was 8.5% (95% CI: 7.9-9.2%), 2.9% (95% CI: 2.6-3.4%), 1.4% (95% CI: 1.2-1.7%), and 6.4% (95% CI: 5.8-7.0%), respectively. A higher prevalence of ADHD, ASD, ID, and LD was observed in boys, those who ever had anxiety or depression symptoms, those with lower family income, those living in a rented house, ever been bullied, and ever lived with anyone mentally ill. Conclusion: The study found the prevalence of ADHD, ASD, ID, and LD was different by demographics, comorbidity/mental problems, household/parental characteristics, and stressful life events.