Bisphenols, but not phthalate esters, modulate gene expression in activated human MAIT cells in vitro.
Toxicol Rep
; 10: 348-356, 2023.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36923442
ABSTRACT
One route of human exposure to environmental chemicals is oral uptake. This is primarily true for chemicals that may leach from food packaging materials, such as bisphenols and phthalate esters. Upon ingestion, these compounds are transported along the intestinal tract, from where they can be taken up into the blood stream or distributed to mucosal sites. At mucosal sites, mucosal immune cells and in the blood stream peripheral immune cells may be exposed to these chemicals potentially modulating immune cell functions. In the present study, we investigated the impact of three common bisphenols and two phthalate esters on mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in vitro, a frequent immune cell type in the intestinal mucosae and peripheral blood of humans. All compounds were non-cytotoxic at the chosen concentrations. MAIT cell activation was only slightly affected as seen by flow cytometric analysis. Phthalate esters did not affect MAIT cell gene expression, while bisphenol-exposure induced significant changes. Transcriptional changes occurred in â¼ 25 % of genes for BPA, â¼ 22 % for BPF and â¼ 8 % for BPS. All bisphenols down-modulated expression of CCND2, CCL20, GZMB and IRF4, indicating an effect on MAIT cell effector function. Further, BPA and BPF showed a high overlap in modulated genes involved in cellular stress response, activation signaling and effector function suggesting that BPF may not be safe substitute for BPA.
BPA, bisphenol A; BPF, bisphenol F; BPS, bisphenol S; Bisphenols; CD, cluster of differentiation; DEHP, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; DINP, diisononyl phthalate; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EFSA, European Food Safety Agency; EU, European Union; FCS, fetal calf serum; IFNg, interferon gamma; IMDM, Iscove Modified Dulbecco Medium; Immunomodulation; In vitro model; MAIT cells; MAIT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells; MeOH, methanol; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PE, phthalate ester; Phthalate ester; Plasticizers; RT, room temperature; SVHC, substance of very high concern; TDI, tolerable daily intake; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; bpc, bacteria per cell; bw, body weight
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Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Toxicol Rep
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Alemania