Designing of graphene oxide-induced p-NiO/n-MoO3 heterostructures for improved photocatalytic activity through plasmon-enhanced S-scheme mechanism and its biological and electrochemical performance.

An environmentally benign, economically advantageous microwave hydrothermal approach is used in synthesis of desirably tailored graphene oxide-induced p-NiO/n-MoO3 (GNM) heterostructures. Various analytical techniques such XPS, XRD, UPS, EIS, and Mott-Schottky were conducted to comprehend complete morphology and functioning of the novel ternary heterostructure photocatalysts. Also, SEM and HR-TEM images were presented for better interpretation. The strategic plasmonic step scheme (S-scheme) charge migration approach was used to describe the effective charge recombination process. Hydroxyl and oxide active species were corollaries of the reactive radical-scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance. The work function has been confirmed using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), which assessed an electron transfer between NiO and MoO3, yielding work function values of 6.32 eV and 5.26 eV, respectively. The cell apoptosis of the HeLa cell line approves the material's biocompatibility. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal electrochemical performance of GNM heterostructures. We anticipate our results would pave the way for current and future applications. In order to ensure eco-restoration such photocatalyst which are eco and cost friendly are synthesized. Assessment of pollutant risks presents the impact of them on human and terrestrial and aquatic animals. Sustainability of material is acknowledge as they use solar light for photocatalysis and dye degradation, and hence can be green material. One such material for the treatment of wastewater, dye-infused waters, and industrial water has been tailored, which is capable of dye degradation, heavy metal, and other pollutant removal. Very importantly, the synthesized material is a biocompatible one.