Comprehensive analysis of distal-less homeobox family gene expression in colon cancer.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The distal-less homeobox (DLX) gene family plays an important role in the development of several tumors. However, the expression pattern, prognostic and diagnostic value, possible regulatory mechanisms, and the relationship between DLX family genes and immune infiltration in colon cancer have not been systematically reported. AIM: We aimed to comprehensively analyze the biological role of the DLX gene family in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. METHODS: Colon cancer tissue and normal colon tissue samples were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Wilcoxon rank sum test and t-test were used to assess DLX gene family expression between colon cancer tissue and unpaired normal colon tissue. cBioPortal was used to analyze DLX gene family variants. R software was used to analyze DLX gene expression in colon cancer and the relationship between DLX gene family expression and clinical features and correlation heat map. The survival package and Cox regression module were used to assess the prognostic value of the DLX gene family. The pROC package was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the DLX gene family. R software was used to analyze the possible regulatory mechanisms of DLX gene family members and related genes. The GSVA package was used to analyze the relationship between the DLX gene family and immune infiltration. The ggplot2, the survminer package, and the clusterProfiler package were used for visualization. RESULTS: DLX1/2/3/4/5 were significantly aberrantly expressed in colon cancer patients. The expression of DLX genes were associated with M stage, pathologic stage, primary therapy outcome, residual tumor, lymphatic invasion, T stage, N stage, age, perineural invasion, and history of colon polyps. DLX5 was independently correlated with the prognosis of colon cancer in multivariate analysis. DLX1/2/3/4/5/6 were involved in the development and progression of colon cancer by participating in immune infiltration and associated pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, several signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells, and Staphylococcus aureus infection. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a possible role for the DLX gene family as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colon cancer.